Improving rice water productivity using alternative irrigation (case study: north of Iran)

Increasing population and the need for more food has made demands on water resources due to crop productions. One of the strategies for preventing the overuses of safe water resources for agriculture is to increase agricultural productivity by reducing the amount of irrigation water with a slight re...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Water science & technology. Water supply Vol. 21; no. 3; pp. 1216 - 1227
Main Authors: Pourgholam-Amiji, Masoud, Liaghat, Abdolmajid, Khoshravesh, Mojtaba, Azamathulla, Hazi Mohammad
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: London IWA Publishing 01.05.2021
Subjects:
Agricultural production
Agriculture
Components
Crop production
Crop yield
Drought
Efficiency
Flood irrigation
Flood management
Floods
Grain
Irrigation
irrigation management
Irrigation practices
Irrigation water
Population growth
Productivity
Rain
Reduction
Rice
Seasons
Soil surfaces
Soil water
Surface water
traditional irrigation
Water consumption
Water management
Water resources
Water shortages
Water use
Iran
ISSN:1606-9749, 1607-0798
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Abstract Increasing population and the need for more food has made demands on water resources due to crop productions. One of the strategies for preventing the overuses of safe water resources for agriculture is to increase agricultural productivity by reducing the amount of irrigation water with a slight reduction or even maintaining the yields. Rice production in the northern region of Iran which is strategically and economically very important, requires irrigation management changing with traditional irrigation methods (flood irrigation). This study was conducted in the 2017–2018 crop season to investigate the effect of different irrigation management on water consumption, rice yield and water productivity in paddy field of Babolsar, Mazandaran, Iran. The experiment was performed in the field in a randomized complete block design with three replicates and four treatments in 12 plots. The treatments were TI (Traditional/flood Irrigation), and AI1, AI3 and AI5 (Alternative Irrigation one, three and five days after the disappearance of water from the soil surface, respectively). The number of yield components and the water productivity indexes were determined. The results of this study showed a significant difference (at 1% level) between irrigation treatments in terms of yield components including tiller number, Panicle length, filling percentage, and water productivity, but they did not have any significant effect on plant height and grain yield. The applied irrigation water for TI, AI1, AI3, and AI5 treatments was measured to be 7,940, 4,910, 4,090 and 3,290 m3/ha, respectively. The maximum yield (6.11 ton/ha) belonged to TI treatment and after that with the value of 6.02 ton/ha belonged to AI5 treatment with the least application of water. Rice water productivities for TI, AI1, AI3, and AI5 treatments were calculated to be 0.82, 1.05, 1.38 and 1.83 kg/m3, respectively. Therefore, alternate irrigation five days after the disappearance of surface water (AI5) was accepted to be the best irrigation practices among the other different irrigation management due to 56.07% reduction in water use and only 1.47% reduction in grain yield compared to control treatment.
AbstractList Increasing population and the need for more food has made demands on water resources due to crop productions. One of the strategies for preventing the overuses of safe water resources for agriculture is to increase agricultural productivity by reducing the amount of irrigation water with a slight reduction or even maintaining the yields. Rice production in the northern region of Iran which is strategically and economically very important, requires irrigation management changing with traditional irrigation methods (flood irrigation). This study was conducted in the 2017–2018 crop season to investigate the effect of different irrigation management on water consumption, rice yield and water productivity in paddy field of Babolsar, Mazandaran, Iran. The experiment was performed in the field in a randomized complete block design with three replicates and four treatments in 12 plots. The treatments were TI (Traditional/flood Irrigation), and AI1, AI3 and AI5 (Alternative Irrigation one, three and five days after the disappearance of water from the soil surface, respectively). The number of yield components and the water productivity indexes were determined. The results of this study showed a significant difference (at 1% level) between irrigation treatments in terms of yield components including tiller number, Panicle length, filling percentage, and water productivity, but they did not have any significant effect on plant height and grain yield. The applied irrigation water for TI, AI1, AI3, and AI5 treatments was measured to be 7,940, 4,910, 4,090 and 3,290 m3/ha, respectively. The maximum yield (6.11 ton/ha) belonged to TI treatment and after that with the value of 6.02 ton/ha belonged to AI5 treatment with the least application of water. Rice water productivities for TI, AI1, AI3, and AI5 treatments were calculated to be 0.82, 1.05, 1.38 and 1.83 kg/m3, respectively. Therefore, alternate irrigation five days after the disappearance of surface water (AI5) was accepted to be the best irrigation practices among the other different irrigation management due to 56.07% reduction in water use and only 1.47% reduction in grain yield compared to control treatment. HIGHLIGHTS Due to water scarcity, it is necessary to use methods that reduce water consumption in agriculture.; The results of using different irrigation managements showed that with small changes, water consumption can be reduced and water productivity can be increased.; Using Alternate Irrigation management reduced water consumption by half and increased rice water productivity by more than twice as much as by flood irrigation.;
Increasing population and the need for more food has made demands on water resources due to crop productions. One of the strategies for preventing the overuses of safe water resources for agriculture is to increase agricultural productivity by reducing the amount of irrigation water with a slight reduction or even maintaining the yields. Rice production in the northern region of Iran which is strategically and economically very important, requires irrigation management changing with traditional irrigation methods (flood irrigation). This study was conducted in the 2017–2018 crop season to investigate the effect of different irrigation management on water consumption, rice yield and water productivity in paddy field of Babolsar, Mazandaran, Iran. The experiment was performed in the field in a randomized complete block design with three replicates and four treatments in 12 plots. The treatments were TI (Traditional/flood Irrigation), and AI1, AI3 and AI5 (Alternative Irrigation one, three and five days after the disappearance of water from the soil surface, respectively). The number of yield components and the water productivity indexes were determined. The results of this study showed a significant difference (at 1% level) between irrigation treatments in terms of yield components including tiller number, Panicle length, filling percentage, and water productivity, but they did not have any significant effect on plant height and grain yield. The applied irrigation water for TI, AI1, AI3, and AI5 treatments was measured to be 7,940, 4,910, 4,090 and 3,290 m3/ha, respectively. The maximum yield (6.11 ton/ha) belonged to TI treatment and after that with the value of 6.02 ton/ha belonged to AI5 treatment with the least application of water. Rice water productivities for TI, AI1, AI3, and AI5 treatments were calculated to be 0.82, 1.05, 1.38 and 1.83 kg/m3, respectively. Therefore, alternate irrigation five days after the disappearance of surface water (AI5) was accepted to be the best irrigation practices among the other different irrigation management due to 56.07% reduction in water use and only 1.47% reduction in grain yield compared to control treatment.
Author Khoshravesh, Mojtaba
Azamathulla, Hazi Mohammad
Liaghat, Abdolmajid
Pourgholam-Amiji, Masoud
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Masoud
  surname: Pourgholam-Amiji
  fullname: Pourgholam-Amiji, Masoud
  organization: Department of Irrigation and Reclamation Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture Engineering and Technology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 4111, 31587-77871 Karaj, Iran
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Abdolmajid
  surname: Liaghat
  fullname: Liaghat, Abdolmajid
  organization: Department of Irrigation and Reclamation Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture Engineering and Technology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 4111, 31587-77871 Karaj, Iran
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Mojtaba
  surname: Khoshravesh
  fullname: Khoshravesh, Mojtaba
  organization: Water Engineering Department, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, P.O. Box 578, 48181-66996 Sari, Iran
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Hazi Mohammad
  surname: Azamathulla
  fullname: Azamathulla, Hazi Mohammad
  organization: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
BookMark eNptUU1rGzEQFSGFfLSn_AFBLw1lXWmlXUm9hdCkhkAvyaUXoY9ZR2a9SiRtjP99Zbu5lJ7m8ebNY-bNBTqd4gQIXVGyaGnff9vmRUtasmCCnqBz2hPREKHk6QH3jRJcnaGLnNeEtELQ9hz9Xm5eUnwL0wqn4ABvTYGEK-VnV8JbKDs8533XjLUxmcoBDimFVYVxwl-cyYBzmf3uO55iKs84DniZzHT9EX0YzJjh0996iZ7ufjze_mweft0vb28eGscZKQ0FKrhkVoBgzlrFFTHAe-kkA2cG6wUw3nfGC2Z6wWQvJZWCGug6Z5Xv2CVaHn19NGv9ksLGpJ2OJugDEdNKm1SCG0FbqbgVflDeK961VHaUQ8u5tTDQGkj1-nz0qgm8zpCLXse5nj1mXQMTnKuOqKqiR5VLMecEg3ahHPIoyYRRU6L379DbOlXfodnB-es_M--b_k_9B3TXjcI
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jhydrol_2024_132308
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_agwat_2024_109106
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jhydrol_2025_133334
crossref_primary_10_2166_ws_2023_203
crossref_primary_10_3390_w13212964
crossref_primary_10_3390_w14213368
crossref_primary_10_2166_ws_2023_091
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_agwat_2024_109006
crossref_primary_10_3389_fagro_2025_1508896
crossref_primary_10_1007_s13201_024_02244_w
crossref_primary_10_3390_su16062563
crossref_primary_10_1080_00103624_2023_2211620
Cites_doi 10.1016/j.cj.2016.06.002
10.1016/j.foodpol.2010.11.026
10.1016/j.jher.2008.10.001
10.4236/jwarp.2010.26063
10.1016/j.agwat.2018.09.041
10.1007/s42106-018-0021-3
10.1061/(ASCE)IR.1943-4774.0001378
10.1007/s10333-019-00763-w
10.1016/j.fcr.2009.06.010
10.1016/j.fcr.2016.12.002
10.1016/j.agwat.2017.09.014
10.1080/14735903.2015.1010305
10.1016/j.fcr.2014.10.013
10.1080/00103624.2011.596238
10.1016/S0378-3774(00)00128-1
10.1016/j.ecolind.2015.03.003
10.1016/j.agwat.2008.09.027
10.1016/j.cropro.2007.09.012
10.1016/j.agwat.2019.03.010
10.1016/j.fcr.2004.09.022
10.1177/003072709202100408
10.3390/w11010172
10.1016/j.agwat.2017.08.012
10.1002/ird.2250
10.1007/978-3-319-47516-5_11
10.1016/j.agwat.2019.105989
10.1016/j.agwat.2019.05.049
10.3390/w11091835
10.26480/bda.01.2020.36.40
10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2014.12.021
10.1016/j.agwat.2003.09.002
10.1007/s42106-020-00103-7
10.1016/j.agwat.2017.01.013
10.1007/s10333-018-0658-7
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright Copyright IWA Publishing May 2021
Copyright_xml – notice: Copyright IWA Publishing May 2021
DBID AAYXX
CITATION
7QH
7UA
8FE
8FG
ABJCF
AEUYN
AFKRA
BENPR
BGLVJ
BHPHI
BKSAR
C1K
CCPQU
DWQXO
F1W
H96
H97
HCIFZ
L.G
L6V
M7S
PCBAR
PHGZM
PHGZT
PKEHL
PQEST
PQGLB
PQQKQ
PQUKI
PRINS
PTHSS
DOA
DOI 10.2166/ws.2020.371
DatabaseName CrossRef
Aqualine
Water Resources Abstracts
ProQuest SciTech Collection
ProQuest Technology Collection
Materials Science & Engineering Collection
ProQuest One Sustainability
ProQuest Central UK/Ireland
ProQuest Central
ProQuest Technology Collection
Natural Science Collection
Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Collection
Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management
ProQuest One
ProQuest Central
ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts
Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 2: Ocean Technology, Policy & Non-Living Resources
Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality
SciTech Premium Collection
Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional
ProQuest Engineering Collection
Engineering Database
Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Database
ProQuest Central Premium
ProQuest One Academic (New)
ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)
ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences
ProQuest One Academic (retired)
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
ProQuest Central China
Engineering Collection
DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional
Technology Collection
ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)
SciTech Premium Collection
ProQuest One Community College
ProQuest Central China
Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality
Water Resources Abstracts
Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management
Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Collection
ProQuest Central
ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences
ProQuest One Sustainability
ProQuest Engineering Collection
Natural Science Collection
ProQuest Central Korea
ProQuest Central (New)
Engineering Collection
Engineering Database
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition
Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Database
ProQuest Technology Collection
ProQuest SciTech Collection
Aqualine
Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 2: Ocean Technology, Policy & Non-Living Resources
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts
Materials Science & Engineering Collection
ProQuest One Academic
ProQuest One Academic (New)
DatabaseTitleList
CrossRef
Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional
Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: DOA
  name: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
  url: https://www.doaj.org/
  sourceTypes: Open Website
– sequence: 2
  dbid: BENPR
  name: ProQuest Central
  url: https://www.proquest.com/central
  sourceTypes: Aggregation Database
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Engineering
Agriculture
EISSN 1607-0798
EndPage 1227
ExternalDocumentID oai_doaj_org_article_b894b7df9dd945218514e244bbef1771
10_2166_ws_2020_371
Genre Report
Case Study
GeographicLocations Iran
GeographicLocations_xml – name: Iran
GroupedDBID ---
0R~
123
4.4
8CJ
8FE
8FG
8FH
AAFWJ
AAJVE
AAYXX
ABFYC
ABJCF
ABLGR
ACIWK
AECGI
AEUYN
AFFHD
AFKRA
AFPKN
AFRAH
AJXRC
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
BENPR
BGLVJ
BHPHI
BKSAR
CCPQU
CITATION
D1J
DU5
GROUPED_DOAJ
H13
HCIFZ
HFPTO
HZ~
L6V
M7S
O9-
OK1
PCBAR
PHGZM
PHGZT
PQGLB
PTHSS
RHI
~02
7QH
7UA
C1K
DWQXO
F1W
H96
H97
L.G
PKEHL
PQEST
PQQKQ
PQUKI
PRINS
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c430t-1e17483b7e73cbb9490ae468c83ecafbd7e3465ad73a67386881871ae55cb9d53
IEDL.DBID DOA
ISICitedReferencesCount 15
ISICitedReferencesURI http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=000651427700024&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
ISSN 1606-9749
IngestDate Mon Nov 10 04:34:59 EST 2025
Sun Jul 13 04:00:17 EDT 2025
Sat Nov 29 05:37:39 EST 2025
Tue Nov 18 21:44:04 EST 2025
IsDoiOpenAccess true
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 3
Language English
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c430t-1e17483b7e73cbb9490ae468c83ecafbd7e3465ad73a67386881871ae55cb9d53
Notes ObjectType-Case Study-2
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
content type line 14
ObjectType-Report-1
OpenAccessLink https://doaj.org/article/b894b7df9dd945218514e244bbef1771
PQID 2777449509
PQPubID 2044521
PageCount 12
ParticipantIDs doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_b894b7df9dd945218514e244bbef1771
proquest_journals_2777449509
crossref_citationtrail_10_2166_ws_2020_371
crossref_primary_10_2166_ws_2020_371
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2021-05-01
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2021-05-01
PublicationDate_xml – month: 05
  year: 2021
  text: 2021-05-01
  day: 01
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationPlace London
PublicationPlace_xml – name: London
PublicationTitle Water science & technology. Water supply
PublicationYear 2021
Publisher IWA Publishing
Publisher_xml – name: IWA Publishing
References key-10.2166/ws.2020.371-15
key-10.2166/ws.2020.371-9
Morandini (key-10.2166/ws.2020.371-28) 2020; 14
Murumkar (key-10.2166/ws.2020.371-30) 2014; 3
key-10.2166/ws.2020.371-8
Datta (key-10.2166/ws.2020.371-13) 2017
key-10.2166/ws.2020.371-35
key-10.2166/ws.2020.371-7
key-10.2166/ws.2020.371-12
key-10.2166/ws.2020.371-34
key-10.2166/ws.2020.371-18
key-10.2166/ws.2020.371-39
key-10.2166/ws.2020.371-16
key-10.2166/ws.2020.371-2
Ahmadi (key-10.2166/ws.2020.371-1) 2019
Palangi (key-10.2166/ws.2020.371-31) 2015; 4
Ultra (key-10.2166/ws.2020.371-42) 2017; 19
key-10.2166/ws.2020.371-6
key-10.2166/ws.2020.371-5
key-10.2166/ws.2020.371-4
key-10.2166/ws.2020.371-3
Tuong (key-10.2166/ws.2020.371-41) 2005; 8
key-10.2166/ws.2020.371-11
key-10.2166/ws.2020.371-33
key-10.2166/ws.2020.371-10
key-10.2166/ws.2020.371-32
key-10.2166/ws.2020.371-26
key-10.2166/ws.2020.371-48
key-10.2166/ws.2020.371-25
key-10.2166/ws.2020.371-47
key-10.2166/ws.2020.371-24
key-10.2166/ws.2020.371-46
key-10.2166/ws.2020.371-23
key-10.2166/ws.2020.371-45
key-10.2166/ws.2020.371-27
Roy (key-10.2166/ws.2020.371-37) 2015; 17
Kijne (key-10.2166/ws.2020.371-21) 2003; 1
Djaman (key-10.2166/ws.2020.371-14) 2020; 18
Mote (key-10.2166/ws.2020.371-29) 2017; 11
Sedaghat (key-10.2166/ws.2020.371-38) 2014; 28
Rezaei (key-10.2166/ws.2020.371-36) 2007; 1
Tuong (key-10.2166/ws.2020.371-40) 2003; 1
Gill (key-10.2166/ws.2020.371-17) 2014; 2
Joko (key-10.2166/ws.2020.371-19) 2010; 2
key-10.2166/ws.2020.371-22
key-10.2166/ws.2020.371-44
key-10.2166/ws.2020.371-43
key-10.2166/ws.2020.371-20
References_xml – ident: key-10.2166/ws.2020.371-45
  doi: 10.1016/j.cj.2016.06.002
– volume: 19
  start-page: 1631
  issue: 7
  year: 2017
  ident: key-10.2166/ws.2020.371-42
  article-title: Nutrient availability and biological properties of paddy soils under rainfed traditional ‘Payatak’ farming systems in Catubig Valley, Philippines
  publication-title: Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology
– volume: 1
  start-page: 20
  year: 2003
  ident: key-10.2166/ws.2020.371-21
  article-title: Ensuring food security via improvement in crop water productivity
  publication-title: Challenge Program on Water and Food Background Paper
– volume: 1
  start-page: 15
  year: 2007
  ident: key-10.2166/ws.2020.371-36
  article-title: Effect of different irrigation management methods on water use efficiency and rice yield
  publication-title: Agriculture Science
– ident: key-10.2166/ws.2020.371-35
  doi: 10.1016/j.foodpol.2010.11.026
– ident: key-10.2166/ws.2020.371-3
  doi: 10.1016/j.jher.2008.10.001
– volume: 2
  start-page: 555
  issue: 6
  year: 2010
  ident: key-10.2166/ws.2020.371-19
  article-title: Flood reduction function of paddy rice fields under different water saving irrigation techniques
  publication-title: Journal of Water Resource and Protection
  doi: 10.4236/jwarp.2010.26063
– ident: key-10.2166/ws.2020.371-25
  doi: 10.1016/j.agwat.2018.09.041
– ident: key-10.2166/ws.2020.371-34
  doi: 10.1007/s42106-018-0021-3
– ident: key-10.2166/ws.2020.371-47
  doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)IR.1943-4774.0001378
– volume: 18
  start-page: 43
  issue: 1
  year: 2020
  ident: key-10.2166/ws.2020.371-14
  article-title: Rice genotype and fertilizer management for improving rice productivity under saline soil conditions
  publication-title: Paddy and Water Environment
  doi: 10.1007/s10333-019-00763-w
– volume: 11
  start-page: 515
  issue: 4
  year: 2017
  ident: key-10.2166/ws.2020.371-29
  article-title: Standardization of alternate wetting and drying (AWD) method of water management in low land rice (Oryza sativa (L.))
  publication-title: International Journal of Plant Production
– ident: key-10.2166/ws.2020.371-20
  doi: 10.1016/j.fcr.2009.06.010
– ident: key-10.2166/ws.2020.371-12
  doi: 10.1016/j.fcr.2016.12.002
– volume: 3
  start-page: 2015
  issue: 6
  year: 2014
  ident: key-10.2166/ws.2020.371-30
  article-title: Performance testing of four row self propelled paddy transplanter
  publication-title: International Journal of Science, Environment, and Technology
– volume: 8
  start-page: 229
  issue: 3
  year: 2005
  ident: key-10.2166/ws.2020.371-41
  article-title: More rice, less water–integrated approaches for increasing water productivity in irrigated rice based systems in Asia
  publication-title: Plant Production Sciences
– volume: 17
  start-page: 1421
  issue: 6
  year: 2015
  ident: key-10.2166/ws.2020.371-37
  article-title: Determinants of sustainable irrigated and rainfed rice farming in Bangladesh
  publication-title: Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology
– ident: key-10.2166/ws.2020.371-27
  doi: 10.1016/j.agwat.2017.09.014
– ident: key-10.2166/ws.2020.371-43
  doi: 10.1080/14735903.2015.1010305
– ident: key-10.2166/ws.2020.371-22
  doi: 10.1016/j.fcr.2014.10.013
– volume: 28
  start-page: 1
  issue: 1
  year: 2014
  ident: key-10.2166/ws.2020.371-38
  article-title: The effect of irrigation methods on water productivity in rice
  publication-title: Iranian Journal of Water Research in Agriculture
– ident: key-10.2166/ws.2020.371-2
  doi: 10.1080/00103624.2011.596238
– ident: key-10.2166/ws.2020.371-7
– ident: key-10.2166/ws.2020.371-8
  doi: 10.1016/S0378-3774(00)00128-1
– ident: key-10.2166/ws.2020.371-10
  doi: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2015.03.003
– ident: key-10.2166/ws.2020.371-24
  doi: 10.1016/j.agwat.2008.09.027
– ident: key-10.2166/ws.2020.371-39
  doi: 10.1016/j.cropro.2007.09.012
– ident: key-10.2166/ws.2020.371-48
  doi: 10.1016/j.agwat.2019.03.010
– ident: key-10.2166/ws.2020.371-5
  doi: 10.1016/j.fcr.2004.09.022
– ident: key-10.2166/ws.2020.371-6
  doi: 10.1177/003072709202100408
– volume: 4
  start-page: 267
  issue: 4
  year: 2015
  ident: key-10.2166/ws.2020.371-31
  article-title: The effect of surface midseason drainage on growth, physiological indices and grain yield of rice variety Tarom-Hashemi
  publication-title: Cereal Research
– ident: key-10.2166/ws.2020.371-46
  doi: 10.3390/w11010172
– ident: key-10.2166/ws.2020.371-18
  doi: 10.1016/j.agwat.2017.08.012
– start-page: 95
  volume-title: Agricultural Statistics Crop Year 2017–2018: Crop Production (Volume 1)
  year: 2019
  ident: key-10.2166/ws.2020.371-1
– ident: key-10.2166/ws.2020.371-23
  doi: 10.1002/ird.2250
– start-page: 255
  volume-title: Rice Production Worldwide
  year: 2017
  ident: key-10.2166/ws.2020.371-13
  article-title: Water management in rice
  doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-47516-5_11
– volume: 1
  start-page: 13
  year: 2003
  ident: key-10.2166/ws.2020.371-40
  article-title: Rice production in water-scarce environments
  publication-title: Water Productivity in Agriculture: Limits and Opportunities for Improvement
– ident: key-10.2166/ws.2020.371-15
  doi: 10.1016/j.agwat.2019.105989
– ident: key-10.2166/ws.2020.371-11
  doi: 10.1016/j.agwat.2019.05.049
– ident: key-10.2166/ws.2020.371-16
– volume: 2
  start-page: 375
  issue: 3
  year: 2014
  ident: key-10.2166/ws.2020.371-17
  article-title: Direct seeded rice: an alternative rice establishment technique in north-west India: a review
  publication-title: International Journal of Advanced Research
– ident: key-10.2166/ws.2020.371-26
  doi: 10.3390/w11091835
– ident: key-10.2166/ws.2020.371-33
  doi: 10.26480/bda.01.2020.36.40
– ident: key-10.2166/ws.2020.371-44
  doi: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2014.12.021
– ident: key-10.2166/ws.2020.371-4
  doi: 10.1016/j.agwat.2003.09.002
– volume: 14
  start-page: 531
  issue: 3
  year: 2020
  ident: key-10.2166/ws.2020.371-28
  article-title: Life cycle assessment of crop rotation systems on rice cultivars in Northern Iran
  publication-title: International Journal of Plant Production
  doi: 10.1007/s42106-020-00103-7
– ident: key-10.2166/ws.2020.371-32
  doi: 10.1016/j.agwat.2017.01.013
– ident: key-10.2166/ws.2020.371-9
  doi: 10.1007/s10333-018-0658-7
SSID ssj0027712
Score 2.3236463
Snippet Increasing population and the need for more food has made demands on water resources due to crop productions. One of the strategies for preventing the overuses...
SourceID doaj
proquest
crossref
SourceType Open Website
Aggregation Database
Enrichment Source
Index Database
StartPage 1216
SubjectTerms Agricultural production
Agriculture
Components
Crop production
Crop yield
Drought
Efficiency
Flood irrigation
Flood management
Floods
Grain
Irrigation
irrigation management
Irrigation practices
Irrigation water
Population growth
Productivity
Rain
Reduction
Rice
Seasons
Soil surfaces
Soil water
Surface water
traditional irrigation
Water consumption
Water management
Water resources
Water shortages
Water use
SummonAdditionalLinks – databaseName: ProQuest Central
  dbid: BENPR
  link: http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV1LS8QwEA6660EPvsU3OXhQIbht0qbxIruiKMgiorJ4Kc2jiyDt2l3dv-8kza6K4sVj29CWTpL5vpnpNwgdtIyUsdCaRCpkhGWaEglekLAokCGwFpY7nYLHG97tJr2euPUBt6Evq5zsiW6j1qWyMfKTkANQATTfEmeDV2K7Rtnsqm-hMYuaVqmMNVCzc9G9vfukXLzOdwJMJ4CcRf2HXhjE8cnYinWHQFp58M0nOen-HzuzczeXS_990WW06IEmbtczYwXNmGIVLbT7lRfbMHD0RYxwDT1N4wvYCg3hMaDQCg9qRVjXYgLbIvk-dgn2wgmG4-eqchodZYEPFThE7ORqT3Fh00G4zPE1-MKjdfRweXF_fkV85wWiGG2NSGCAqCRUcsOpklIw0coMixOVUKOyXGpuKIujTHOaubahCfh9HmQmipQUOqIbqFGUhdlEOAw0lyyPI6aBHEUmEQZQRixySjMgx_EWOp58-1R5WXLbHeMlBXpiDZWOh6k1VAqG2kIH08GDWo3j92Eda8TpECuh7U6UVT_1KzKViWCS6xwmqmAAYgB6MgNgR0qTB9zeZHdi39Sva3jC1Ljbf1_eQfOhrX5xpZG7qDGq3swemlPvo-dhte-n6QdcqPDd
  priority: 102
  providerName: ProQuest
Title Improving rice water productivity using alternative irrigation (case study: north of Iran)
URI https://www.proquest.com/docview/2777449509
https://doaj.org/article/b894b7df9dd945218514e244bbef1771
Volume 21
WOSCitedRecordID wos000651427700024&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
journalDatabaseRights – providerCode: PRVAON
  databaseName: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1607-0798
  dateEnd: 20241231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0027712
  issn: 1606-9749
  databaseCode: DOA
  dateStart: 20210101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://www.doaj.org/
  providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Database
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1607-0798
  dateEnd: 20241207
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0027712
  issn: 1606-9749
  databaseCode: PCBAR
  dateStart: 20010101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/eaasdb
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: Engineering Database
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1607-0798
  dateEnd: 20241207
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0027712
  issn: 1606-9749
  databaseCode: M7S
  dateStart: 20010101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: ProQuest Central
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1607-0798
  dateEnd: 20241207
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0027712
  issn: 1606-9749
  databaseCode: BENPR
  dateStart: 20010101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://www.proquest.com/central
  providerName: ProQuest
link http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV1dS8MwFA0yfdAH8ROnc-RhDyqUtU3aNL5tY0NBxpgfDF9K81EZSDe66f6-N2k7Jgq--BpCU25ve85pbs5FqOVqIUKulBNInzo0UcQRgIIODTzhg2qhqfUpeHlgw2E0mfDRRqsvUxNW2AMXgWuLiFPBVArX4xSwBhgC1YBJQujUY_b0uA-spxJTldRixT4n0HMHGDMvTub5Xhi2V8ak2wexyrxvWGQt-398kS3MDA7QfskPcae4r0O0pbMjtLfhGniMXtc_ArBxBMIroIs5nhfWrbYXBDbV7G_Y7oRn1tkbT_PcmmnMMnwlAbmw9ZW9xZnZt8GzFN8DaF2foOdB_6l355QtEhxJibt0PA2KIiKCaUakEJxyN9E0jGREtExSoZgmNAwSxUhi-3tGANDMS3QQSMFVQE5RLZtl-gxh31NM0DQMqAIVE-iIa6ADIU8JSUDFhnV0UwUrlqV_uGlj8R6DjjCRjVeL2EQ2hsjWUWs9eV7YZvw-rWuivp5ivK7tAGRAXGZA_FcG1FGjemZx-QLCCgx4LYg_l5__xxoXaNc3xSy20rGBasv8Q1-iHfm5nC7yJtru9oejcdPmYNOUjz7C2KjX7Yy_AJOF4J0
linkProvider Directory of Open Access Journals
linkToHtml http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V1da9RAFB1KFdQHP1qL1arz0IIVhm5mJpmMIFI_Speui2CV0pdp5iNLQZI1u7r4p_yN3jtJVqXFtz74mGRISHJy77mZO-cQsj0I1mbae5Y6LpksvGAWsiCTaWI5VC2yjDoFn0dqPM5PTvSHFfKzXwuDbZV9TIyB2tcO_5HvcQVEBdj8QL-afmXoGoWzq72FRguLo_BjASXb7OXwLbzfHc4P3h2_OWSdqwBzUgzmLAlAwnNhVVDCWaulHhRBZrnLRXBFab0KQmZp4ZUooiVmDjlNJUVIU2e1R5cICPnXJEb_2Cr48XeBp9rZVSgKGPB03a4H5EmW7S1QGpxDiaySvzJgNAq4kAdicju48789lrvkdkej6X6L-3tkJVRr5Nb-pOmkRAJs_SG1uE5Ol39PKMoo0QVw7IZOW73baKBBcQnAhMb2gSrKodPzpokKJHVFnzlI9zSK8b6gFU520bqkQ8j0u_fJpyu51Q2yWtVVeEAoT7yyssxS6aH0S0OuA3CoTJdCFFD6Z5vkef-ujetE19H744uB4guBYRYzg8AwAIxNsr0cPG21Ri4f9hpBsxyCAuFxR91MTBdvjM21tMqX8BlqCRQNiLUMQOWsDWWi8CRbPZ5MF7XgCkswPfz34afkxuHx-5EZDcdHj8hNjn0-sQl0i6zOm2_hMbnuvs_PZ82T-IFQcnbV0PsF-HlMgQ
linkToPdf http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V1db9MwFL2axoTgAdgAMRjgh00CJKuN7cQxEkL7oFq1qZrEhyZeTPyRahJKSlqo-Gv8Oq6dpAOBeNsDj2msVk2O7z3Xvj4HYHfojcmUczS1TFBROE4NZkEq0sQwrFpEGXUKPpzKySQ_P1dna_CjPwsT2ir7mBgDtattWCMfMIlEBdn8UA3Kri3i7Gj0evaFBgepsNPa22m0EDnx35dYvs1fjY_wXe8xNnrz7vCYdg4D1Ao-XNDEIyHPuZFecmuMEmpYeJHlNufeFqVx0nORpYWTvIj2mDnmN5kUPk2tUS44RmD4vyYF8oTYNvj2stiT7U4rFggUObtqzwayJMsGyyATzrBclslv2TCaBvyRE2KiG93-nx_RHbjV0Wuy386HTVjz1Rbc3J82ncSIx6tfJBjvwsfVqgoJ8kpkidy7IbNWBzcaa5BwNGBKYltBFWXSyUXTRGWSuiLPLNIAEkV6X5IqbIKRuiRjZADP78H7K_mr92G9qiv_AAhLnDSizFLhsCRMfa48cqtMlZwXOcb0bXjRv3dtOzH24AnyWWNRFkCil3MdQKIRJNuwuxo8azVI_j7sIABoNSQIh8cP6maquzikTa6Eka7E6akEUjck3MIjxTPGl4kMX7LTY0t30Qx_YQWsh_--_RSuI-L06Xhy8ghusND-E3tDd2B90Xz1j2HDfltczJsnca4Q-HTVyPsJetpVRw
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Improving+rice+water+productivity+using+alternative+irrigation+%28case+study%3A+north+of+Iran%29&rft.jtitle=Water+science+%26+technology.+Water+supply&rft.au=Masoud+Pourgholam-Amiji&rft.au=Abdolmajid+Liaghat&rft.au=Mojtaba+Khoshravesh&rft.au=Hazi+Mohammad+Azamathulla&rft.date=2021-05-01&rft.pub=IWA+Publishing&rft.issn=1606-9749&rft.eissn=1607-0798&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1216&rft.epage=1227&rft_id=info:doi/10.2166%2Fws.2020.371&rft.externalDBID=DOA&rft.externalDocID=oai_doaj_org_article_b894b7df9dd945218514e244bbef1771
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1606-9749&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1606-9749&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1606-9749&client=summon