Cardiorespiratory Fitness Associates with Blood Pressure and Metabolic Health of Children-The Arkansas Active Kids Study
High blood pressure (HBP) in children causes preclinical damage to the heart and accelerates atherosclerosis. Current pharmacological treatments have limited ability to prevent end-organ damage, particularly that of the kidneys. A contrasting element between adult versus pediatric HPB treatment is t...
Saved in:
| Published in: | Medicine and science in sports and exercise Vol. 53; no. 11; p. 2225 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
01.11.2021
|
| ISSN: | 1530-0315, 1530-0315 |
| Online Access: | Get more information |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| Abstract | High blood pressure (HBP) in children causes preclinical damage to the heart and accelerates atherosclerosis. Current pharmacological treatments have limited ability to prevent end-organ damage, particularly that of the kidneys. A contrasting element between adult versus pediatric HPB treatment is the emphasis in adults on exercise regimens that target increments in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF; peak oxygen consumption [V˙O2peak]). The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of CRF with blood pressure percentiles and blood pressure status in children with normal and excessive adiposity (NA vs EA). An exploratory aim was to measure associations of CRF with (a) other cardiovascular disease risk factors commonly found in children with HBP and (b) kidney function.INTRODUCTIONHigh blood pressure (HBP) in children causes preclinical damage to the heart and accelerates atherosclerosis. Current pharmacological treatments have limited ability to prevent end-organ damage, particularly that of the kidneys. A contrasting element between adult versus pediatric HPB treatment is the emphasis in adults on exercise regimens that target increments in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF; peak oxygen consumption [V˙O2peak]). The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of CRF with blood pressure percentiles and blood pressure status in children with normal and excessive adiposity (NA vs EA). An exploratory aim was to measure associations of CRF with (a) other cardiovascular disease risk factors commonly found in children with HBP and (b) kidney function.Children (n = 211) attended one study visit. CRF was measured using an incremental bike test and body composition by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Fat-free mass (FFM) index was calculated as kilograms of FFM per square meter. Multiple logistic and linear regression analyses were used to model the probability of HBP and other variables of interest (plasma lipids, HOMA2-IR, alanine aminotransferase, and estimated glomerular filtration rate) against V˙O2peak.METHODSChildren (n = 211) attended one study visit. CRF was measured using an incremental bike test and body composition by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Fat-free mass (FFM) index was calculated as kilograms of FFM per square meter. Multiple logistic and linear regression analyses were used to model the probability of HBP and other variables of interest (plasma lipids, HOMA2-IR, alanine aminotransferase, and estimated glomerular filtration rate) against V˙O2peak.CRF interacted with adiposity status in predicting the probability of HBP. Each additional milliliter per minute per FFM index in V˙O2peak decreased the odds of HBP by 8% in the EA group only (odds ratio = 0.92, 95% confidence interval = 0.87-0.99). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure percentiles decreased, and estimated glomerular filtration rate increased with increasing CRF in both adiposity-level groups. HOMA2-IR and alanine aminotransferase decreased with increasing CRF in children with EA only.RESULTSCRF interacted with adiposity status in predicting the probability of HBP. Each additional milliliter per minute per FFM index in V˙O2peak decreased the odds of HBP by 8% in the EA group only (odds ratio = 0.92, 95% confidence interval = 0.87-0.99). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure percentiles decreased, and estimated glomerular filtration rate increased with increasing CRF in both adiposity-level groups. HOMA2-IR and alanine aminotransferase decreased with increasing CRF in children with EA only.Higher CRF associated with decreased probability of clinical HBP, lower insulin resistance, and improved liver function in children with EA. Yet blood pressure percentiles and kidney function improved with increasing CRF irrespective of adiposity status.CONCLUSIONSHigher CRF associated with decreased probability of clinical HBP, lower insulin resistance, and improved liver function in children with EA. Yet blood pressure percentiles and kidney function improved with increasing CRF irrespective of adiposity status. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | High blood pressure (HBP) in children causes preclinical damage to the heart and accelerates atherosclerosis. Current pharmacological treatments have limited ability to prevent end-organ damage, particularly that of the kidneys. A contrasting element between adult versus pediatric HPB treatment is the emphasis in adults on exercise regimens that target increments in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF; peak oxygen consumption [V˙O2peak]). The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of CRF with blood pressure percentiles and blood pressure status in children with normal and excessive adiposity (NA vs EA). An exploratory aim was to measure associations of CRF with (a) other cardiovascular disease risk factors commonly found in children with HBP and (b) kidney function.INTRODUCTIONHigh blood pressure (HBP) in children causes preclinical damage to the heart and accelerates atherosclerosis. Current pharmacological treatments have limited ability to prevent end-organ damage, particularly that of the kidneys. A contrasting element between adult versus pediatric HPB treatment is the emphasis in adults on exercise regimens that target increments in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF; peak oxygen consumption [V˙O2peak]). The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of CRF with blood pressure percentiles and blood pressure status in children with normal and excessive adiposity (NA vs EA). An exploratory aim was to measure associations of CRF with (a) other cardiovascular disease risk factors commonly found in children with HBP and (b) kidney function.Children (n = 211) attended one study visit. CRF was measured using an incremental bike test and body composition by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Fat-free mass (FFM) index was calculated as kilograms of FFM per square meter. Multiple logistic and linear regression analyses were used to model the probability of HBP and other variables of interest (plasma lipids, HOMA2-IR, alanine aminotransferase, and estimated glomerular filtration rate) against V˙O2peak.METHODSChildren (n = 211) attended one study visit. CRF was measured using an incremental bike test and body composition by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Fat-free mass (FFM) index was calculated as kilograms of FFM per square meter. Multiple logistic and linear regression analyses were used to model the probability of HBP and other variables of interest (plasma lipids, HOMA2-IR, alanine aminotransferase, and estimated glomerular filtration rate) against V˙O2peak.CRF interacted with adiposity status in predicting the probability of HBP. Each additional milliliter per minute per FFM index in V˙O2peak decreased the odds of HBP by 8% in the EA group only (odds ratio = 0.92, 95% confidence interval = 0.87-0.99). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure percentiles decreased, and estimated glomerular filtration rate increased with increasing CRF in both adiposity-level groups. HOMA2-IR and alanine aminotransferase decreased with increasing CRF in children with EA only.RESULTSCRF interacted with adiposity status in predicting the probability of HBP. Each additional milliliter per minute per FFM index in V˙O2peak decreased the odds of HBP by 8% in the EA group only (odds ratio = 0.92, 95% confidence interval = 0.87-0.99). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure percentiles decreased, and estimated glomerular filtration rate increased with increasing CRF in both adiposity-level groups. HOMA2-IR and alanine aminotransferase decreased with increasing CRF in children with EA only.Higher CRF associated with decreased probability of clinical HBP, lower insulin resistance, and improved liver function in children with EA. Yet blood pressure percentiles and kidney function improved with increasing CRF irrespective of adiposity status.CONCLUSIONSHigher CRF associated with decreased probability of clinical HBP, lower insulin resistance, and improved liver function in children with EA. Yet blood pressure percentiles and kidney function improved with increasing CRF irrespective of adiposity status. |
| Author | Adams, Sean H Weber, Judith L Børsheim, Elisabet Diaz, Eva C Young, Catarina G Bai, Shasha |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Eva C surname: Diaz fullname: Diaz, Eva C – sequence: 2 givenname: Judith L surname: Weber fullname: Weber, Judith L – sequence: 3 givenname: Sean H surname: Adams fullname: Adams, Sean H – sequence: 4 givenname: Catarina G surname: Young fullname: Young, Catarina G – sequence: 5 givenname: Shasha surname: Bai fullname: Bai, Shasha – sequence: 6 givenname: Elisabet surname: Børsheim fullname: Børsheim, Elisabet |
| BookMark | eNpNjM1OwkAURicGEwF9AxezdFOc33ZmiUTECNEEXJOhvQ2jtYNzpypvbxNd8G3Otzg5IzJoQwuEXHM24ULZ29V6PWEnEwXjZ2TItWQZk1wPTv4FGSG-9VIhJR-Sn5mLlQ8R8OCjSyEe6dynFhDpFDGU3iVA-u3Tnt41IVT0pVexi0BdW9EVJLcLjS_pAlzTO6Gms71vqghtttkDncZ316LrY2XyX0CffIV0nbrqeEnOa9cgXP1zTF7n95vZIls-PzzOpsusVJKJTAoQVuTGKq7rotBux2oN0pRaQ26klcYIBSZnwIvcKae4BalKK2RlmNJWjMnNX_cQw2cHmLYfHktoGtdC6HArtJZacGNz8QtLx2Jl |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_3389_fmolb_2023_1136975 crossref_primary_10_1136_jech_2024_222037 crossref_primary_10_1249_MSS_0000000000003510 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_lfs_2022_121246 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpubh_2023_1157351 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_gaitpost_2025_01_081 crossref_primary_10_1097_HJH_0000000000004036 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41390_024_03779_z crossref_primary_10_3389_fpubh_2022_1040714 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | Copyright © 2021 by the American College of Sports Medicine. |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: Copyright © 2021 by the American College of Sports Medicine. |
| DBID | 7X8 |
| DOI | 10.1249/MSS.0000000000002701 |
| DatabaseName | MEDLINE - Academic |
| DatabaseTitle | MEDLINE - Academic |
| DatabaseTitleList | MEDLINE - Academic |
| Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: 7X8 name: MEDLINE - Academic url: https://search.proquest.com/medline sourceTypes: Aggregation Database |
| DeliveryMethod | no_fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Medicine Physical Therapy |
| EISSN | 1530-0315 |
| GroupedDBID | --- -ET -~X .-D .L3 .XZ .Z2 01R 0R~ 1J1 2FS 354 40H 4Q1 4Q2 4Q3 5AM 5GY 5RE 5VS 71W 77Y 7O~ 7X8 85S 9V3 AAAAV AAAXR AAFWJ AAGIX AAHPQ AAIQE AAJCS AAMOA AAMTA AAQKA AAQQT AARTV AASCR AASOK AAUEB AAWTL AAXQO ABASU ABBUW ABDIG ABJNI ABNJN ABPXF ABUFD ABVCZ ABXVJ ABXYN ABZAD ABZZY ACBKD ACDDN ACDOF ACEWG ACGFO ACGFS ACIFK ACILI ACJBD ACLDA ACNCT ACTAD ACTHT ACWDW ACWRI ACXJB ACXNZ ACZKN ADEGP ADGGA ADHPY ADKSD ADNVM ADSXY ADUKH AE3 AE6 AEBDS AENEX AFBFQ AFDTB AFEXH AFMBP AFNMH AFPHX AFSOK AFUWQ AFYGQ AGINI AHOMT AHQNM AHQVU AHVBC AHWXW AIJEX AINUH AJCLO AJEOO AJIOK AJNWD AJZMW AKCTQ AKULP ALKUP ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS ALMTX AMJPA AMKUR AMNEI AOHHW AOQMC ATPOU BOYCO BQLVK C45 CS3 DIWNM DU5 E.X EBS EEVPB ERAAH EX3 F2K F2L F2M F2N F5P FCALG FL- FRP FW0 GNXGY GQDEL H0~ HLJTE HZ~ IKREB IKYAY IN~ IYOWL JF9 JG8 JK3 JK8 K8S KD2 KMI L-C MMDCI MPPUT MVM N~6 N~7 N~B O9- OAG OAH OBZCC ODMTH OGKNY OHH OHYEH OKBHI OL1 OLG OLH OLL OLU OLV OLY OLZ OPUJH OPX OVD OVDLW OVDNE OVIDH OVLEI OVOZU OWU OWV OWW OWX OWY OWZ OXXIT P2P QMB R2J RLZ S4R S4S SJN TEORI TN5 TSPGW UKR V2I VVN W3M WF8 WH7 WOQ WOW X3V X3W XXN XYM XZL YFH YNT YOC YOJ YQT YR5 ZB8 ZCA ZFV ZUP ~02 |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c4302-32e292689415f775ab0f5e38c55e683938824e860e176a4a419e34c923d804592 |
| IEDL.DBID | 7X8 |
| ISICitedReferencesCount | 13 |
| ISICitedReferencesURI | http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=00005768-202111000-00002&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| ISSN | 1530-0315 |
| IngestDate | Sun Nov 09 11:44:57 EST 2025 |
| IsDoiOpenAccess | false |
| IsOpenAccess | true |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 11 |
| Language | English |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c4302-32e292689415f775ab0f5e38c55e683938824e860e176a4a419e34c923d804592 |
| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 |
| OpenAccessLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8516679 |
| PQID | 2553521896 |
| PQPubID | 23479 |
| ParticipantIDs | proquest_miscellaneous_2553521896 |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 20211101 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2021-11-01 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 11 year: 2021 text: 20211101 day: 01 |
| PublicationDecade | 2020 |
| PublicationTitle | Medicine and science in sports and exercise |
| PublicationYear | 2021 |
| SSID | ssj0007331 |
| Score | 2.440164 |
| Snippet | High blood pressure (HBP) in children causes preclinical damage to the heart and accelerates atherosclerosis. Current pharmacological treatments have limited... |
| SourceID | proquest |
| SourceType | Aggregation Database |
| StartPage | 2225 |
| Title | Cardiorespiratory Fitness Associates with Blood Pressure and Metabolic Health of Children-The Arkansas Active Kids Study |
| URI | https://www.proquest.com/docview/2553521896 |
| Volume | 53 |
| WOSCitedRecordID | wos00005768-202111000-00002&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| hasFullText | |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| link | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV3LS8MwGA_qRLw4nYpvIngNa_NqehIdDkE2Bpuw20iaFIbS6jpF_3u_tBk7eBHsuTQh-R6_fq8fQjeK-TFi2hDGE0o4-HSipBUEVIlpYcHBZKYmm0iGQzWdpqMQcKtCWeXKJtaG2paZj5F3AfoCVohVKm_f3olnjfLZ1UChsYlaDKCML-lKputp4YGPEJQ6Ip7NILTOwR9HdzAeN6MLw0OTKP5ljmsf02__d3f7aC-gS3zXiMMB2nBFB-0MQv68g9qjcC140kwTOERfvboidbFOueP-fOkNIF5dnauwD9fie1_kjpuGwoXDurB44JYgRa_zDDf9TLjMcS_0hxNYA7by4gnJ4WO1YcVPc1thX7z4fYSe-w-T3iMJdAwk4wzsJqOOplSqFHx-niRCmygXjqlMCCcBZzEA69wpGbk4kZprHqeO8QwQpFUAHFN6jLaKsnAnCJvc6NiaSFgpeZ5q4-CmBJU500ZTy0_R9eqYZyDuPoehC1d-VLP1QZ_94Z1ztEt9DUrdO3iBWjmotLtE29nncl4trmpp-QHuf8gV |
| linkProvider | ProQuest |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Cardiorespiratory+Fitness+Associates+with+Blood+Pressure+and+Metabolic+Health+of+Children-The+Arkansas+Active+Kids+Study&rft.jtitle=Medicine+and+science+in+sports+and+exercise&rft.au=Diaz%2C+Eva+C&rft.au=Weber%2C+Judith+L&rft.au=Adams%2C+Sean+H&rft.au=Young%2C+Catarina+G&rft.date=2021-11-01&rft.issn=1530-0315&rft.eissn=1530-0315&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=2225&rft_id=info:doi/10.1249%2FMSS.0000000000002701&rft.externalDBID=NO_FULL_TEXT |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1530-0315&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1530-0315&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1530-0315&client=summon |