Spectral Doppler Measurements With 2-D Sparse Arrays

The 2-D sparse arrays, in which a few hundreds of elements are distributed on the probe surface according to an optimization procedure, represent an alternative to full 2-D arrays, including thousands of elements usually organized in a grid. Sparse arrays have already been used in B-mode imaging tes...

Full description

Saved in:

Bibliographic Details
Published in:	IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control Vol. 67; no. 2; pp. 278 - 285
Main Authors:	Mattesini, Paolo, Ramalli, Alessandro, Petrusca, Lorena, Basset, Olivier, Liebgott, Herve, Tortoli, Piero
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	United States IEEE 01.02.2020 The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Subjects:	2-D arrays 3-D imaging Acoustic noise Acoustics Apertures Arrays Bandwidth Doppler effect Doppler measurement Engineering Sciences Optimization Phantoms Probes Signal to noise ratio sparse arrays Spectra spectral Doppler measurements Subgroups
ISSN:	0885-3010, 1525-8955, 1525-8955
Online Access:	Get full text
Tags:	Add Tag No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!

Abstract	The 2-D sparse arrays, in which a few hundreds of elements are distributed on the probe surface according to an optimization procedure, represent an alternative to full 2-D arrays, including thousands of elements usually organized in a grid. Sparse arrays have already been used in B-mode imaging tests, but their application to Doppler investigations has not been reported yet. Since the sparsity of the elements influences the acoustic field, a corresponding influence on the mean frequency (Fm), bandwidth (BW), and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the Doppler spectra is expected. This article aims to assess, by simulations and experiments, to what extent the use of a sparse rather than a full gridded 2-D array has an impact on spectral Doppler measurements. Parabolic flows were investigated by a 3 MHz, 1024-element gridded array and by a sparse array; the latter was obtained by properly selecting a subgroup of 256 elements from the full array. Simulations show that the mean Doppler frequency does not change between the sparse and the full array while there are significant differences on the BW (average reduction of 17.2% for the sparse array, due to different apertures of the two probes) and on the signal power (Ps) (22 dB, due to the different number of active elements). These results are confirmed by flow phantom experiments, which also highlight that the most critical difference between sparse and full gridded array in Doppler measurements is in terms of SNR (-16.8 dB).
AbstractList	The 2-D sparse arrays, in which a few hundreds of elements are distributed on the probe surface according to an optimization procedure, represent an alternative to full 2-D arrays, including thousands of elements usually organized in a grid. Sparse arrays have already been used in B-mode imaging tests, but their application to Doppler investigations has not been reported yet. Since the sparsity of the elements influences the acoustic field, a corresponding influence on the mean frequency (Fm), bandwidth (BW), and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the Doppler spectra is expected. This article aims to assess, by simulations and experiments, to what extent the use of a sparse rather than a full gridded 2-D array has an impact on spectral Doppler measurements. Parabolic flows were investigated by a 3 MHz, 1024-element gridded array and by a sparse array; the latter was obtained by properly selecting a subgroup of 256 elements from the full array. Simulations show that the mean Doppler frequency does not change between the sparse and the full array while there are significant differences on the BW (average reduction of 17.2% for the sparse array, due to different apertures of the two probes) and on the signal power (Ps) (22 dB, due to the different number of active elements). These results are confirmed by flow phantom experiments, which also highlight that the most critical difference between sparse and full gridded array in Doppler measurements is in terms of SNR (-16.8 dB). The 2-D sparse arrays, in which a few hundreds of elements are distributed on the probe surface according to an optimization procedure, represent an alternative to full 2-D arrays, including thousands of elements usually organized in a grid. Sparse arrays have already been used in B-mode imaging tests, but their application to Doppler investigations has not been reported yet. Since the sparsity of the elements influences the acoustic field, a corresponding influence on the mean frequency (Fm), bandwidth (BW), and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the Doppler spectra is expected. This article aims to assess, by simulations and experiments, to what extent the use of a sparse rather than a full gridded 2-D array has an impact on spectral Doppler measurements. Parabolic flows were investigated by a 3 MHz, 1024-element gridded array and by a sparse array; the latter was obtained by properly selecting a subgroup of 256 elements from the full array. Simulations show that the mean Doppler frequency does not change between the sparse and the full array while there are significant differences on the BW (average reduction of 17.2% for the sparse array, due to different apertures of the two probes) and on the signal power (Ps) (22 dB, due to the different number of active elements). These results are confirmed by flow phantom experiments, which also highlight that the most critical difference between sparse and full gridded array in Doppler measurements is in terms of SNR (−16.8 dB). The 2-D sparse arrays, in which a few hundreds of elements are distributed on the probe surface according to an optimization procedure, represent an alternative to full 2-D arrays, including thousands of elements usually organized in a grid. Sparse arrays have already been used in B-mode imaging tests, but their application to Doppler investigations has not been reported yet. Since the sparsity of the elements influences the acoustic field, a corresponding influence on the mean frequency (Fm), bandwidth (BW), and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the Doppler spectra is expected. This article aims to assess, by simulations and experiments, to what extent the use of a sparse rather than a full gridded 2-D array has an impact on spectral Doppler measurements. Parabolic flows were investigated by a 3 MHz, 1024-element gridded array and by a sparse array; the latter was obtained by properly selecting a subgroup of 256 elements from the full array. Simulations show that the mean Doppler frequency does not change between the sparse and the full array while there are significant differences on the BW (average reduction of 17.2% for the sparse array, due to different apertures of the two probes) and on the signal power (Ps) (22 dB, due to the different number of active elements). These results are confirmed by flow phantom experiments, which also highlight that the most critical difference between sparse and full gridded array in Doppler measurements is in terms of SNR (-16.8 dB).The 2-D sparse arrays, in which a few hundreds of elements are distributed on the probe surface according to an optimization procedure, represent an alternative to full 2-D arrays, including thousands of elements usually organized in a grid. Sparse arrays have already been used in B-mode imaging tests, but their application to Doppler investigations has not been reported yet. Since the sparsity of the elements influences the acoustic field, a corresponding influence on the mean frequency (Fm), bandwidth (BW), and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the Doppler spectra is expected. This article aims to assess, by simulations and experiments, to what extent the use of a sparse rather than a full gridded 2-D array has an impact on spectral Doppler measurements. Parabolic flows were investigated by a 3 MHz, 1024-element gridded array and by a sparse array; the latter was obtained by properly selecting a subgroup of 256 elements from the full array. Simulations show that the mean Doppler frequency does not change between the sparse and the full array while there are significant differences on the BW (average reduction of 17.2% for the sparse array, due to different apertures of the two probes) and on the signal power (Ps) (22 dB, due to the different number of active elements). These results are confirmed by flow phantom experiments, which also highlight that the most critical difference between sparse and full gridded array in Doppler measurements is in terms of SNR (-16.8 dB).
Author	Petrusca, Lorena Mattesini, Paolo Ramalli, Alessandro Tortoli, Piero Liebgott, Herve Basset, Olivier
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Paolo orcidid: 0000-0001-5664-3310 surname: Mattesini fullname: Mattesini, Paolo email: paolo.mattesini@unifi.it organization: Department of Information Engineering, University of Florence, Florence, Italy – sequence: 2 givenname: Alessandro orcidid: 0000-0003-4358-3739 surname: Ramalli fullname: Ramalli, Alessandro organization: Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Laboratory on Cardiovascular Imaging and Dynamics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium – sequence: 3 givenname: Lorena surname: Petrusca fullname: Petrusca, Lorena organization: Université de Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UJM-Saint Etienne, CNRS, Inserm, CREATIS UMR 5220, U1206, Saint-Etienne, France – sequence: 4 givenname: Olivier surname: Basset fullname: Basset, Olivier organization: Université de Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UJM-Saint Etienne, CNRS, Inserm, CREATIS UMR 5220, U1206, Villeurbanne, France – sequence: 5 givenname: Herve surname: Liebgott fullname: Liebgott, Herve organization: Université de Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UJM-Saint Etienne, CNRS, Inserm, CREATIS UMR 5220, U1206, Villeurbanne, France – sequence: 6 givenname: Piero orcidid: 0000-0002-7984-3128 surname: Tortoli fullname: Tortoli, Piero organization: Department of Information Engineering, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31562082$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed https://hal.science/hal-02457377$$DView record in HAL
BookMark	eNp9kU1Lw0AQhhdRtH78AQUJeNFD6n5md4-ltSpUPKh4XDabCUbSJO4mgv_era09ePA0MDzvDDPPIdpt2gYQOiV4TAjW188v8_l0TDHRY6o5xxrvoBERVKRKC7GLRlgpkTJM8AE6DOEdY8K5pvvogBGRUazoCPGnDlzvbZ3M2q6rwScPYMPgYQlNH5LXqn9LaDpLnjrrAyQT7-1XOEZ7pa0DnGzqEXqZ3zxP79LF4-39dLJIHae6T3MGmYOcq0JlkuRZoXOlMmGJUyVnQBzWLOc0lw4oLknOHQPGbFGUsiykIOwIXa3nvtnadL5aWv9lWluZu8nCrHqYciGZlJ8r9nLNdr79GCD0ZlkFB3VtG2iHYCjVOp7PpYzoxR_0vR18Ey8xlHEVf5tJHanzDTXkSyi2-39_FwG6BpxvQ_BQbhGCzUqQ-RFkVoLMRlAMqT8hV_W2r9omSqjq_6Nn62gFANtdUTEmRLFvSdSaUA
CODEN	ITUCER
CitedBy_id	crossref_primary_10_1109_TUFFC_2022_3162419 crossref_primary_10_1109_TBCAS_2021_3077664 crossref_primary_10_1109_TUFFC_2021_3051628 crossref_primary_10_1109_TUFFC_2020_3046101 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIP_2023_3300591 crossref_primary_10_1109_TUFFC_2024_3383660
Cites_doi	10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2014.01.021 10.1109/TUFFC.2016.2614776 10.1109/TUFFC.2014.006819 10.1109/TUFFC.2006.1610561 10.1053/j.semperi.2007.06.002 10.1109/TUFFC.2017.2757600 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.04.052 10.1067/mje.2001.115619 10.1109/58.753023 10.1109/58.503727 10.1038/s41598-018-27490-2 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.03.002 10.1109/58.139123 10.1109/TUFFC.2016.2639318 10.3390/app8020200 10.1109/JSSC.2018.2820156 10.1016/S0301-5629(01)00462-8 10.1109/TUFFC.2016.2582536 10.1109/TUFFC.2002.1026019 10.1088/0031-9155/46/5/201 10.1016/j.ultras.2009.09.010 10.1016/0301-5629(93)90003-7 10.1109/T-SU.1980.31147 10.1109/TUFFC.2009.1297 10.1109/TBME.2013.2267742 10.1016/S0301-5629(97)00017-3 10.1109/TUFFC.2016.2573720 10.1109/TUFFC.2018.2808226 10.1109/TMI.2018.2844552 10.1109/TUFFC.2015.007035 10.1016/S0301-5629(00)00218-0 10.1109/TUFFC.2016.2600763 10.1109/TUFFC.2018.2827241 10.1109/TUFFC.2016.2602242 10.1016/0301-5629(94)00137-3 10.1109/ULTSYM.2018.8579909 10.1109/TUFFC.2002.1026020
ContentType	Journal Article
Copyright	Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) 2020 Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
Copyright_xml	– notice: Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) 2020 – notice: Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
DBID	97E RIA RIE AAYXX CITATION NPM 7SP 7U5 8FD F28 FR3 L7M 7X8 1XC
DOI	10.1109/TUFFC.2019.2944090
DatabaseName	IEEE Xplore (IEEE) IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 1998–Present IEEE Electronic Library (IEL) CrossRef PubMed Electronics & Communications Abstracts Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts Technology Research Database ANTE: Abstracts in New Technology & Engineering Engineering Research Database Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace MEDLINE - Academic Hyper Article en Ligne (HAL)
DatabaseTitle	CrossRef PubMed Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts Engineering Research Database Technology Research Database Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace ANTE: Abstracts in New Technology & Engineering Electronics & Communications Abstracts MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitleList	PubMed Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts MEDLINE - Academic
Database_xml	– sequence: 1 dbid: NPM name: PubMed url: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed sourceTypes: Index Database – sequence: 2 dbid: RIE name: IEEE Electronic Library (IEL) url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ sourceTypes: Publisher – sequence: 3 dbid: 7X8 name: MEDLINE - Academic url: https://search.proquest.com/medline sourceTypes: Aggregation Database
DeliveryMethod	fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline	Engineering Physics
EISSN	1525-8955
EndPage	285
ExternalDocumentID	oai:HAL:hal-02457377v1 31562082 10_1109_TUFFC_2019_2944090 8850118
Genre	orig-research Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Journal Article
GrantInformation_xml	– fundername: European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grantid: 786027 (ACOUSTIC Project) – fundername: Università Italo-Francese grantid: VINCI 2018
GroupedDBID	--- -~X .GJ 0R~ 186 29I 3EH 4.4 53G 5GY 5RE 5VS 6IK 97E AAJGR AARMG AASAJ AAWTH ABAZT ABQJQ ABVLG ACGFO ACGFS ACIWK AENEX AETIX AGQYO AGSQL AHBIQ AI. AIBXA AKJIK AKQYR ALLEH ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS ATWAV BEFXN BFFAM BGNUA BKEBE BPEOZ CS3 DU5 EBS EJD F5P HZ~ H~9 ICLAB IFIPE IFJZH IPLJI JAVBF LAI M43 O9- OCL P2P RIA RIE RNS TN5 TWZ UKR VH1 ZXP ZY4 AAYXX CITATION ABTAH NPM PKN RIG Z5M 7SP 7U5 8FD F28 FR3 L7M 7X8 1XC
ID	FETCH-LOGICAL-c429t-b3e6ceb48d8671b6d9b8865a1c8f43e1c093b42b7ce20f1b4c3e33addf7fd7513
IEDL.DBID	RIE
ISICitedReferencesCount	7
ISICitedReferencesURI	http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=000526702300006&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
ISSN	0885-3010 1525-8955
IngestDate	Sat Nov 29 15:08:46 EST 2025 Mon Sep 29 05:14:15 EDT 2025 Mon Jun 30 10:18:36 EDT 2025 Wed Feb 19 02:31:26 EST 2025 Sat Nov 29 03:07:20 EST 2025 Tue Nov 18 22:10:12 EST 2025 Wed Aug 27 02:29:45 EDT 2025
IsDoiOpenAccess	false
IsOpenAccess	true
IsPeerReviewed	true
IsScholarly	true
Issue	2
Language	English
License	https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplorehelp/downloads/license-information/IEEE.html https://doi.org/10.15223/policy-029 https://doi.org/10.15223/policy-037 Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
LinkModel	DirectLink
MergedId	FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c429t-b3e6ceb48d8671b6d9b8865a1c8f43e1c093b42b7ce20f1b4c3e33addf7fd7513
Notes	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23
ORCID	0000-0001-5664-3310 0000-0003-4358-3739 0000-0002-7984-3128 0009-0001-8612-835X 0000-0002-7602-1452
OpenAccessLink	http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1171596
PMID	31562082
PQID	2348110679
PQPubID	85455
PageCount	8
ParticipantIDs	proquest_journals_2348110679 crossref_citationtrail_10_1109_TUFFC_2019_2944090 crossref_primary_10_1109_TUFFC_2019_2944090 proquest_miscellaneous_2299144477 pubmed_primary_31562082 hal_primary_oai_HAL_hal_02457377v1 ieee_primary_8850118
PublicationCentury	2000
PublicationDate	2020-02-01
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD	2020-02-01
PublicationDate_xml	– month: 02 year: 2020 text: 2020-02-01 day: 01
PublicationDecade	2020
PublicationPlace	United States
PublicationPlace_xml	– name: United States – name: New York
PublicationTitle	IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control
PublicationTitleAbbrev	T-UFFC
PublicationTitleAlternate	IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control
PublicationYear	2020
Publisher	IEEE The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Publisher_xml	– name: IEEE – name: The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) – name: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
References	ref35 ref13 ref34 ref12 ref37 ref15 ref36 ref14 ref31 ref30 ref33 ref11 ref32 ref10 ref2 ref39 ref17 ref38 ref16 ref19 ref18 roux (ref24) 2018; 8 ref23 ref26 ref25 ref20 ref22 ref21 ref28 ref29 ref8 ref7 ref9 ref4 jensen (ref27) 1996; 4 ref3 ref6 ref5 evans (ref1) 2000
References_xml	– ident: ref3 doi: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2014.01.021 – ident: ref29 doi: 10.1109/TUFFC.2016.2614776 – ident: ref16 doi: 10.1109/TUFFC.2014.006819 – ident: ref37 doi: 10.1109/TUFFC.2006.1610561 – ident: ref4 doi: 10.1053/j.semperi.2007.06.002 – ident: ref10 doi: 10.1109/TUFFC.2017.2757600 – ident: ref6 doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.04.052 – ident: ref7 doi: 10.1067/mje.2001.115619 – ident: ref19 doi: 10.1109/58.753023 – ident: ref33 doi: 10.1109/58.503727 – volume: 8 start-page: 9108 year: 2018 ident: ref24 article-title: Experimental 3-D ultrasound imaging with 2-D sparse arrays using focused and diverging waves publication-title: Sci Rep doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-27490-2 – ident: ref8 doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.03.002 – ident: ref28 doi: 10.1109/58.139123 – ident: ref11 doi: 10.1109/TUFFC.2016.2639318 – ident: ref30 doi: 10.3390/app8020200 – volume: 4 start-page: 351 year: 1996 ident: ref27 article-title: Field: A program for simulating ultrasound systems publication-title: Med Biol Eng Comput – ident: ref15 doi: 10.1109/JSSC.2018.2820156 – ident: ref32 doi: 10.1016/S0301-5629(01)00462-8 – year: 2000 ident: ref1 publication-title: Doppler Ultrasound Physics Instrumentation and Signal Processing – ident: ref17 doi: 10.1109/TUFFC.2016.2582536 – ident: ref18 doi: 10.1109/TUFFC.2002.1026019 – ident: ref5 doi: 10.1088/0031-9155/46/5/201 – ident: ref21 doi: 10.1016/j.ultras.2009.09.010 – ident: ref35 doi: 10.1016/0301-5629(93)90003-7 – ident: ref34 doi: 10.1109/T-SU.1980.31147 – ident: ref14 doi: 10.1109/TUFFC.2009.1297 – ident: ref20 doi: 10.1109/TBME.2013.2267742 – ident: ref31 doi: 10.1016/S0301-5629(97)00017-3 – ident: ref39 doi: 10.1109/TUFFC.2016.2573720 – ident: ref2 doi: 10.1109/TUFFC.2018.2808226 – ident: ref12 doi: 10.1109/TMI.2018.2844552 – ident: ref23 doi: 10.1109/TUFFC.2015.007035 – ident: ref36 doi: 10.1016/S0301-5629(00)00218-0 – ident: ref9 doi: 10.1109/TUFFC.2016.2600763 – ident: ref13 doi: 10.1109/TUFFC.2018.2827241 – ident: ref22 doi: 10.1109/TUFFC.2016.2602242 – ident: ref38 doi: 10.1016/0301-5629(94)00137-3 – ident: ref26 doi: 10.1109/ULTSYM.2018.8579909 – ident: ref25 doi: 10.1109/TUFFC.2002.1026020
SSID	ssj0014492
Score	2.3274496
Snippet	The 2-D sparse arrays, in which a few hundreds of elements are distributed on the probe surface according to an optimization procedure, represent an...
SourceID	hal proquest pubmed crossref ieee
SourceType	Open Access Repository Aggregation Database Index Database Enrichment Source Publisher
StartPage	278
SubjectTerms	2-D arrays 3-D imaging Acoustic noise Acoustics Apertures Arrays Bandwidth Doppler effect Doppler measurement Engineering Sciences Optimization Phantoms Probes Signal to noise ratio sparse arrays Spectra spectral Doppler measurements Subgroups
Title	Spectral Doppler Measurements With 2-D Sparse Arrays
URI	https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8850118 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31562082 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2348110679 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2299144477 https://hal.science/hal-02457377
Volume	67
WOSCitedRecordID	wos000526702300006&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
hasFullText	1
inHoldings	1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
journalDatabaseRights	– providerCode: PRVIEE databaseName: IEEE Electronic Library (IEL) customDbUrl: eissn: 1525-8955 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0014492 issn: 0885-3010 databaseCode: RIE dateStart: 19860101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ providerName: IEEE
link	http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV3dT9wwDLc4tEnwsA9grIyhbtrbKLRJ2iSPCHbigaFJg-3eqjZxBdJ0h653SPvvZ-d6ZUiAxFvVuh_qz47jxP4Z4EvjG517USSNlzJRVc42Z03SGFN4zQRagUzn15k-Pzejkf2xAvt9LQwihuQzPODDsJfvJ27OS2WHxuRcKDmAgdZ6UavV7xgoFRogk9HkCSltuiyQSe3hxeVweMxZXPZAWEUBDbd_kxS4iNSIe_5ocMXZkKHNyuMzzuB5hq-f981v4FU3w4yPFirxFlZwvAHr__EObsDLkPfp2k1Q3H-eFzvikwnNR3Eaf79bNGzj39ezq1gkJ_HPGwqAkR46rf62W3A5_HZxfJp0jRQSR-5mltQSC4e1Mp7Z7OrC25qgyKvMmUZJzFxqZa1ErR2KtMlq5SRKSSNfoxsCLJPvYHU8GeN7iItKUhDkZepqrxCLikYEJ50jUzaiKmQE2fJ3lq5jGedmF3_KEG2ktgxolIxG2aERwdf-npsFx8aT0p8JpV6Q6bFPj85KPsfbyFpqfZtFsMlQ9FIdChHsLkEtO1ttS8G1yMykZyP41F8mK-Otk2qMkznJkNcmFVNaR7C9UIb-2UtN2nn4nR9gTXCMHjK9d2F1Np3jR3jhbmfX7XSPVHlk9oIq_wPYuekJ
linkProvider	IEEE
linkToHtml	http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV3db9MwED_tAwQ8bLAvwgYExNuWLbGd2H6cNqpOdBUSHezNSmxHm4TaqWkn8d9z56YBpIHEW5RcPpTfnc9n3_0O4EPtapk7ViS14zwRZU42p1VSK1U4SQRagUzn60AOh-r6Wn9egaOuFsZ7H5LP_DEdhr18N7FzWio7USqnQslVWM-FYNmiWqvbMxAitEBGs8kTVNt0WSKT6pPRVa93Rnlc-phpgSENNYDjGLqwVLE_PNLqDeVDhkYrf59zBt_T2_y_r34OG-0cMz5dKMULWPHjLXj2G_PgFjwOmZ-22QZBHehpuSM-n-CM1E_jy1_Lhk387XZ2E7PkPP5yhyGwx4dOyx_NDlz1Po7O-knbSiGx6HBmScV9YX0llCM-u6pwukIw8jKzqhbcZzbVvBKsktaztM4qYbnnHMe-WtYIWcZ3YW08GfuXEBclxzDI8dRWTnhflDgmWG4tGrNiZcEjyJa_09iWZ5zaXXw3Id5ItQloGELDtGhEcNjdc7dg2fin9HtEqRMkguz-6cDQOdpIllzK-yyCbYKik2pRiOBgCapprbUxjKqRiUtPR_Cuu4x2Rpsn5dhP5iiDfhtVTEgZwd5CGbpnLzXp1cPvfAtP-qPLgRlcDD_tw1NGEXvI-z6Atdl07l_DI3s_u22mb4JC_wSjdOto
openUrl	ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Spectral+Doppler+Measurements+With+2-D+Sparse+Arrays&rft.jtitle=IEEE+transactions+on+ultrasonics%2C+ferroelectrics%2C+and+frequency+control&rft.au=Mattesini%2C+Paolo&rft.au=Ramalli%2C+Alessandro&rft.au=Petrusca%2C+Lorena&rft.au=Basset%2C+Olivier&rft.date=2020-02-01&rft.issn=0885-3010&rft.eissn=1525-8955&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=278&rft.epage=285&rft_id=info:doi/10.1109%2FTUFFC.2019.2944090&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=10_1109_TUFFC_2019_2944090
thumbnail_l	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0885-3010&client=summon
thumbnail_m	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0885-3010&client=summon
thumbnail_s	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0885-3010&client=summon