A Preliminary Evaluation of the SMAP Radiometer Soil Moisture Product Over United States and Europe Using Ground-Based Measurements

The Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission, which is the newest L-band satellite that is specifically designed for soil moisture monitoring, was launched on January 31, 2015. A beta quality version of the SMAP radiometer soil moisture product was recently released to the public. It is crucial t...

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Published in:	IEEE transactions on geoscience and remote sensing Vol. 54; no. 8; pp. 4929 - 4940
Main Authors:	Zeng, Jiangyuan, Chen, Kun-Shan, Bi, Haiyun, Chen, Quan
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	New York IEEE 01.08.2016 The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subjects:	Algorithms Environmental monitoring Hydrometeorology In situ In situ measurement L-band Microwave radiometry Missions Moisture Moisture measurement Networks Parametrization radiometer Radiometers Satellite broadcasting Satellites Soil measurements Soil moisture soil moisture active passive (SMAP) validation USA Romania ANE, Finland ANE, Europe radiometer soil moisture active passive (SMAP) soil moisture In situ L-band validation
ISSN:	0196-2892, 1558-0644
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Abstract	The Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission, which is the newest L-band satellite that is specifically designed for soil moisture monitoring, was launched on January 31, 2015. A beta quality version of the SMAP radiometer soil moisture product was recently released to the public. It is crucial to evaluate the reliability of this product before it can be routinely used in hydrometeorological studies at a global scale. In this paper, we carried out a preliminary evaluation of the SMAP radiometer soil moisture product against in situ measurements collected from three networks that cover different climatic and land surface conditions, including two dense networks established in the U.S. and Finland, and one sparse network set up in Romania. Results show that the SMAP soil moisture product is in good agreement with the in situ measurements, although it exhibits dry or wet bias at different network regions. It well reproduces the temporal evolution and anomalies of the observed soil moisture with a favorable correlation greater than 0.7. The overall ubRMSE (unbiased root mean square error) of SMAP product is 0.036 m 3 · m -3 , well within the mission requirement of 0.04 m 3 · m -3 . The error sources of SMAP soil moisture product may be associated with the parameterization of vegetation and surface roughness but still needs to be tested and confirmed in more extent. Considering that the algorithms are still under refinement, it can be reasonably expected that hydrometeorological applications will benefit from the SMAP radiometer soil moisture product.
AbstractList	The Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission, which is the newest L-band satellite that is specifically designed for soil moisture monitoring, was launched on January 31, 2015. A beta quality version of the SMAP radiometer soil moisture product was recently released to the public. It is crucial to evaluate the reliability of this product before it can be routinely used in hydrometeorological studies at a global scale. In this paper, we carried out a preliminary evaluation of the SMAP radiometer soil moisture product against in situ measurements collected from three networks that cover different climatic and land surface conditions, including two dense networks established in the U.S. and Finland, and one sparse network set up in Romania. Results show that the SMAP soil moisture product is in good agreement with the in situ measurements, although it exhibits dry or wet bias at different network regions. It well reproduces the temporal evolution and anomalies of the observed soil moisture with a favorable correlation greater than 0.7. The overall ubRMSE (unbiased root mean square error) of SMAP product is 0.036 m super(3) $\cdot$ m super(-3), well within the mission requirement of 0.04 m super(3) $\cdot$ m super(-3). The error sources of SMAP soil moisture product may be associated with the parameterization of vegetation and surface roughness but still needs to be tested and confirmed in more extent. Considering that the algorithms are still under refinement, it can be reasonably expected that hydrometeorological applications will benefit from the SMAP radiometer soil moisture product. The Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission, which is the newest L-band satellite that is specifically designed for soil moisture monitoring, was launched on January 31, 2015. A beta quality version of the SMAP radiometer soil moisture product was recently released to the public. It is crucial to evaluate the reliability of this product before it can be routinely used in hydrometeorological studies at a global scale. In this paper, we carried out a preliminary evaluation of the SMAP radiometer soil moisture product against in situ measurements collected from three networks that cover different climatic and land surface conditions, including two dense networks established in the U.S. and Finland, and one sparse network set up in Romania. Results show that the SMAP soil moisture product is in good agreement with the in situ measurements, although it exhibits dry or wet bias at different network regions. It well reproduces the temporal evolution and anomalies of the observed soil moisture with a favorable correlation greater than 0.7. The overall ubRMSE (unbiased root mean square error) of SMAP product is 0.036 m3 [Formula Omitted] -3, well within the mission requirement of 0.04 m3 [Formula Omitted] -3. The error sources of SMAP soil moisture product may be associated with the parameterization of vegetation and surface roughness but still needs to be tested and confirmed in more extent. Considering that the algorithms are still under refinement, it can be reasonably expected that hydrometeorological applications will benefit from the SMAP radiometer soil moisture product. The Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission, which is the newest L-band satellite that is specifically designed for soil moisture monitoring, was launched on January 31, 2015. A beta quality version of the SMAP radiometer soil moisture product was recently released to the public. It is crucial to evaluate the reliability of this product before it can be routinely used in hydrometeorological studies at a global scale. In this paper, we carried out a preliminary evaluation of the SMAP radiometer soil moisture product against in situ measurements collected from three networks that cover different climatic and land surface conditions, including two dense networks established in the U.S. and Finland, and one sparse network set up in Romania. Results show that the SMAP soil moisture product is in good agreement with the in situ measurements, although it exhibits dry or wet bias at different network regions. It well reproduces the temporal evolution and anomalies of the observed soil moisture with a favorable correlation greater than 0.7. The overall ubRMSE (unbiased root mean square error) of SMAP product is 0.036 m 3 · m -3 , well within the mission requirement of 0.04 m 3 · m -3 . The error sources of SMAP soil moisture product may be associated with the parameterization of vegetation and surface roughness but still needs to be tested and confirmed in more extent. Considering that the algorithms are still under refinement, it can be reasonably expected that hydrometeorological applications will benefit from the SMAP radiometer soil moisture product.
Author	Haiyun Bi Quan Chen Jiangyuan Zeng Kun-Shan Chen
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SubjectTerms	Algorithms Environmental monitoring Hydrometeorology In situ In situ measurement L-band Microwave radiometry Missions Moisture Moisture measurement Networks Parametrization radiometer Radiometers Satellite broadcasting Satellites Soil measurements Soil moisture soil moisture active passive (SMAP) validation
Title	A Preliminary Evaluation of the SMAP Radiometer Soil Moisture Product Over United States and Europe Using Ground-Based Measurements
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