BPAP: FPGA Design of a RISC-like Processor for Elliptic Curve Cryptography Using Task-Level Parallel Programming in High-Level Synthesis
Popular technologies such as blockchain and zero-knowledge proof, which have already entered the enterprise space, heavily use cryptography as the core of their protocol stack. One of the most used systems in this regard is Elliptic Curve Cryptography, precisely the point multiplication operation, w...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | Cryptography Jg. 9; H. 1; S. 20 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Basel
MDPI AG
01.03.2025
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| ISSN: | 2410-387X, 2410-387X |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| Abstract | Popular technologies such as blockchain and zero-knowledge proof, which have already entered the enterprise space, heavily use cryptography as the core of their protocol stack. One of the most used systems in this regard is Elliptic Curve Cryptography, precisely the point multiplication operation, which provides the security assumption for all applications that use this system. As this operation is computationally intensive, one solution is to offload it to specialized accelerators to provide better throughput and increased efficiency. In this paper, we explore the use of Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) and the High-Level Synthesis framework of AMD Vitis in designing an elliptic curve point arithmetic unit (point adder) for the secp256k1 curve. We show how task-level parallel programming and data streaming are used in designing a RISC processor-like architecture to provide pipeline parallelism and increase the throughput of the point adder unit. We also show how to efficiently use the proposed processor architecture by designing a point multiplication scheduler capable of scheduling multiple batches of elliptic curve points to utilize the point adder unit efficiently. Finally, we evaluate our design on an AMD-Xilinx Alveo-family FPGA and show that our point arithmetic processor has better throughput and frequency than related work. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Popular technologies such as blockchain and zero-knowledge proof, which have already entered the enterprise space, heavily use cryptography as the core of their protocol stack. One of the most used systems in this regard is Elliptic Curve Cryptography, precisely the point multiplication operation, which provides the security assumption for all applications that use this system. As this operation is computationally intensive, one solution is to offload it to specialized accelerators to provide better throughput and increased efficiency. In this paper, we explore the use of Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) and the High-Level Synthesis framework of AMD Vitis in designing an elliptic curve point arithmetic unit (point adder) for the secp256k1 curve. We show how task-level parallel programming and data streaming are used in designing a RISC processor-like architecture to provide pipeline parallelism and increase the throughput of the point adder unit. We also show how to efficiently use the proposed processor architecture by designing a point multiplication scheduler capable of scheduling multiple batches of elliptic curve points to utilize the point adder unit efficiently. Finally, we evaluate our design on an AMD-Xilinx Alveo-family FPGA and show that our point arithmetic processor has better throughput and frequency than related work. |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Popescu, Decebal Ifrim, Rares |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Rares orcidid: 0000-0002-3915-0458 surname: Ifrim fullname: Ifrim, Rares – sequence: 2 givenname: Decebal orcidid: 0000-0003-3921-5343 surname: Popescu fullname: Popescu, Decebal |
| BookMark | eNp9Udtq3DAQNSGFpEm-oC-CPjuVLNuS-rZ1c1lYqGkS6JsZy2OvNl7LlbyB_YN-duRsKKGEIoRGR-cyYj5Gx4MdMIo-MXrJuaJftNuPk-0cjOu9oozShB5Fp0nKaMyl-HX8pj6JLrzf0JkihRTqNPrzrVyUX8l1ebMg39GbbiC2JUB-Lu-KuDePSEpnNXpvHWnDvup7M05Gk2LnnpAUb7LJgzdDR-7BP8YrfMKelOCg7-fCzZztdn43A7k13fqVcrcfpnXI9efRhxZ6jxev51n0cH11X9zGqx83y2KxinWaqClmXIGoM0xA0EwIyDKepznjdUJRqKZRmWhRqpZLEDrgiQw3zOsgqhOlan4WLQ--jYVNNTqzBbevLJjqBbCuq8CFD_ZYNbVOa2QZ5hpSYFhLKajIeU0Fcsmb4PX54DU6-3uHfqo2dueG0H7FmWRpInKZBtblgdVBMDVDaycHOqwGt0aHWbYm4AvJeUZTKrMg4AeBdtZ7h-3fNhmt5pFX74w8qNQ_Km0mmIwdQpzp_6t9BjVZt7k |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_3390_cryptography9030058 |
| Cites_doi | 10.1007/978-3-031-46573-4_28 10.1117/12.2675431 10.46586/tches.v2020.i4.189-208 10.3390/en16031510 10.1109/MNET.011.2000473 10.1007/978-3-642-01001-9 10.2139/ssrn.3367674 10.20944/preprints202101.0250.v1 10.1109/TCAD.2015.2513673 10.1007/s102070100002 10.1109/ICAICTA.2015.7335349 10.1145/3595647.3595650 10.1145/3530775 10.1109/TC.2020.3013266 10.1007/978-1-4419-5906-5_245 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3129314 10.1007/978-981-99-7666-9_9 10.1145/3289602.3293912 10.1109/PST.2017.00050 10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.06.420 10.1109/MSSC.2018.2822862 10.1007/s13389-014-0084-8 10.1109/ASAP54787.2022.00032 10.6028/NIST.SP.800-78-5.ipd |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | COPYRIGHT 2025 MDPI AG 2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: COPYRIGHT 2025 MDPI AG – notice: 2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. |
| DBID | AAYXX CITATION 8FE 8FG ABUWG AFKRA ARAPS AZQEC BENPR BGLVJ CCPQU DWQXO HCIFZ P5Z P62 PHGZM PHGZT PIMPY PKEHL PQEST PQGLB PQQKQ PQUKI PRINS DOA |
| DOI | 10.3390/cryptography9010020 |
| DatabaseName | CrossRef ProQuest SciTech Collection ProQuest Technology Collection ProQuest Central (Alumni) ProQuest Central UK/Ireland Advanced Technologies & Computer Science Collection ProQuest Central Essentials ProQuest Central ProQuest Technology Collection ProQuest One ProQuest Central Korea SciTech Premium Collection Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection ProQuest Central Premium ProQuest One Academic (New) Publicly Available Content Database ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE) ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences ProQuest One Academic (retired) ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest Central China DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef Publicly Available Content Database Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection Technology Collection ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection ProQuest Central Essentials ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition) SciTech Premium Collection ProQuest One Community College ProQuest Technology Collection ProQuest SciTech Collection ProQuest Central China ProQuest Central Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest Central Korea ProQuest Central (New) ProQuest One Academic ProQuest One Academic (New) |
| DatabaseTitleList | CrossRef Publicly Available Content Database |
| Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: DOA name: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals url: https://www.doaj.org/ sourceTypes: Open Website – sequence: 2 dbid: PIMPY name: Publicly Available Content Database url: http://search.proquest.com/publiccontent sourceTypes: Aggregation Database |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Computer Science |
| EISSN | 2410-387X |
| ExternalDocumentID | oai_doaj_org_article_dbc4be15e6ca4a1eb8870763b07e383d A833504085 10_3390_cryptography9010020 |
| GeographicLocations | Romania |
| GeographicLocations_xml | – name: Romania |
| GroupedDBID | 8FE 8FG AADQD AAYXX ADBBV AFFHD AFKRA AFZYC ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS ARAPS BCNDV BENPR BGLVJ CCPQU CITATION GROUPED_DOAJ HCIFZ IAO ITC MODMG M~E OK1 P62 PHGZM PHGZT PIMPY PQGLB PROAC ABUWG AZQEC DWQXO PKEHL PQEST PQQKQ PQUKI PRINS |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c429t-139a7b5e2a70577a55364613b20e79dd957fe89f38a7c61328e89e6ba7bb299b3 |
| IEDL.DBID | DOA |
| ISICitedReferencesCount | 1 |
| ISICitedReferencesURI | http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=001451960300001&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| ISSN | 2410-387X |
| IngestDate | Fri Oct 03 12:38:57 EDT 2025 Fri Jul 25 21:16:42 EDT 2025 Sat Nov 29 10:33:29 EST 2025 Sat Nov 29 07:19:35 EST 2025 Tue Nov 18 21:55:29 EST 2025 |
| IsDoiOpenAccess | true |
| IsOpenAccess | true |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 1 |
| Language | English |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c429t-139a7b5e2a70577a55364613b20e79dd957fe89f38a7c61328e89e6ba7bb299b3 |
| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-3921-5343 0000-0002-3915-0458 |
| OpenAccessLink | https://doaj.org/article/dbc4be15e6ca4a1eb8870763b07e383d |
| PQID | 3181427684 |
| PQPubID | 2055420 |
| ParticipantIDs | doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_dbc4be15e6ca4a1eb8870763b07e383d proquest_journals_3181427684 gale_infotracacademiconefile_A833504085 crossref_primary_10_3390_cryptography9010020 crossref_citationtrail_10_3390_cryptography9010020 |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 2025-03-01 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2025-03-01 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 03 year: 2025 text: 2025-03-01 day: 01 |
| PublicationDecade | 2020 |
| PublicationPlace | Basel |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: Basel |
| PublicationTitle | Cryptography |
| PublicationYear | 2025 |
| Publisher | MDPI AG |
| Publisher_xml | – name: MDPI AG |
| References | ref_13 Cong (ref_16) 2022; 15 Eyupoglu (ref_25) 2015; 195 ref_19 Kapoor (ref_7) 2008; 9 ref_18 Johnson (ref_11) 2001; 1 ref_17 Bernaca (ref_2) 2021; 9 Bos (ref_12) 2014; 4 Hamburg (ref_28) 2020; 2020 ref_24 ref_23 ref_22 ref_21 ref_1 ref_3 Sun (ref_10) 2021; 35 ref_27 Nane (ref_15) 2015; 35 ref_26 ref_9 ref_8 Mehrabi (ref_20) 2020; 69 ref_5 ref_4 Trimberger (ref_14) 2018; 10 ref_6 |
| References_xml | – ident: ref_22 doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-46573-4_28 – ident: ref_1 doi: 10.1117/12.2675431 – ident: ref_9 – volume: 9 start-page: 1 year: 2008 ident: ref_7 article-title: Elliptic curve cryptography publication-title: ACM Ubiquity – volume: 2020 start-page: 189 year: 2020 ident: ref_28 article-title: Faster Montgomery and double-add ladders for short Weierstrass curves publication-title: IACR Trans. Cryptogr. Hardw. Embed. Syst. doi: 10.46586/tches.v2020.i4.189-208 – ident: ref_24 – ident: ref_4 doi: 10.3390/en16031510 – volume: 35 start-page: 198 year: 2021 ident: ref_10 article-title: A survey on zero-knowledge proof in blockchain publication-title: IEEE Netw. doi: 10.1109/MNET.011.2000473 – ident: ref_27 doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-01001-9 – ident: ref_5 doi: 10.2139/ssrn.3367674 – ident: ref_18 doi: 10.20944/preprints202101.0250.v1 – volume: 35 start-page: 1591 year: 2015 ident: ref_15 article-title: A survey and evaluation of FPGA high-level synthesis tools publication-title: IEEE Trans. Comput.-Aided Des. Integr. Circuits Syst. doi: 10.1109/TCAD.2015.2513673 – volume: 1 start-page: 36 year: 2001 ident: ref_11 article-title: The elliptic curve digital signature algorithm (ECDSA) publication-title: Int. J. Inf. Secur. doi: 10.1007/s102070100002 – ident: ref_13 doi: 10.1109/ICAICTA.2015.7335349 – ident: ref_6 doi: 10.1145/3595647.3595650 – volume: 15 start-page: 51 year: 2022 ident: ref_16 article-title: FPGA HLS Today: Successes, Challenges, and Opportunities publication-title: ACM Trans. Reconfigurable Technol. Syst. doi: 10.1145/3530775 – ident: ref_23 – volume: 69 start-page: 1707 year: 2020 ident: ref_20 article-title: Elliptic curve cryptography point multiplication core for hardware security module publication-title: IEEE Trans. Comput. doi: 10.1109/TC.2020.3013266 – ident: ref_8 doi: 10.1007/978-1-4419-5906-5_245 – volume: 9 start-page: 156729 year: 2021 ident: ref_2 article-title: Verifiable computing applications in blockchain publication-title: IEEE Access doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3129314 – ident: ref_21 doi: 10.1007/978-981-99-7666-9_9 – ident: ref_26 doi: 10.1145/3289602.3293912 – ident: ref_17 doi: 10.1109/PST.2017.00050 – volume: 195 start-page: 1860 year: 2015 ident: ref_25 article-title: Performance analysis of karatsuba multiplication algorithm for different bit lengths publication-title: Procedia-Soc. Behav. Sci. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.06.420 – volume: 10 start-page: 16 year: 2018 ident: ref_14 article-title: Three Ages of FPGAs: A Retrospective on the First Thirty Years of FPGA Technology: This Paper Reflects on How Moore’s Law Has Driven the Design of FPGAs Through Three Epochs: The Age of Invention, the Age of Expansion, and the Age of Accumulation publication-title: IEEE Solid-State Circuits Mag. doi: 10.1109/MSSC.2018.2822862 – volume: 4 start-page: 275 year: 2014 ident: ref_12 article-title: Constant time modular inversion publication-title: J. Cryptogr. Eng. doi: 10.1007/s13389-014-0084-8 – ident: ref_19 doi: 10.1109/ASAP54787.2022.00032 – ident: ref_3 doi: 10.6028/NIST.SP.800-78-5.ipd |
| SSID | ssj0002087879 |
| Score | 2.2914875 |
| Snippet | Popular technologies such as blockchain and zero-knowledge proof, which have already entered the enterprise space, heavily use cryptography as the core of... |
| SourceID | doaj proquest gale crossref |
| SourceType | Open Website Aggregation Database Enrichment Source Index Database |
| StartPage | 20 |
| SubjectTerms | Arithmetic and logic units Blockchain C plus plus Computer architecture Cryptography Curves Data security Data transmission Design Design and construction Digital integrated circuits Digital signatures ECC Field programmable gate arrays finite field multiplication FPGA High level synthesis Methods Microprocessors Multiplication Multiplication & division Parallel programming Pipelining (computers) point multiplication Prime numbers RISC |
| SummonAdditionalLinks | – databaseName: Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database dbid: P5Z link: http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV1Nb9QwEB1B4cCF8ikWCpoDEhesZp0PJ1zQdmEBqaoiWqSKi2U7TrXqkizJtlL_AT-bmax36QF64RQltiNHHs-Mnef3AF7XMssrWh-LOiu8oHicCJOqWBgTx5lR1ViueWYP1dFRfnpalGHDrQ-wyo1PHBx11TreI98n2xsnkn8bvV_-FKwaxX9Xg4TGbbjDLAks3VCm37d7LDLKyR6LNdlQTKv7fdddLVeBC5qBCRHrfF8LSANv_7-88xByZrv_29kHcD8kmzhZW8dDuOWbR7C7EXLAMK8fw6-DclK-w1n5aYIfBkgHtjUa_PrleCoW83OP4TxB2yEluchAD3I1DqcX3aXH6bXPxQGDgCemPxeHDEjC0nSs17LgdzAU7AeXzxtkhEmocnzVUB7az_sn8G328WT6WQSJBuEokLGQfWGUTb00ihI_ZdI0zhLKEKyMvCqqqkhV7fOijnOjHD2XOd35zFIjS4HQxk9hp2kb_wwwcQmloi5SUhZ0SU1iJB-N8Bm9orJyBHIzTtoF_nKW0VhoWsfw4Oq_DO4I3m4bLdf0HTdXP2AD2FZl7u3hQdud6TCVdWVdYv2YOuaoj2NvyU-Ttcc2Up7W-9UI3rD5aPYQ1EFnwkEH-kzm2tITPucWMbPcCPY25qOD6-j1H9t5fnPxC7gnWYx4AMTtwc6qu_Av4a67XM377tUwE34D0HsUTw priority: 102 providerName: ProQuest |
| Title | BPAP: FPGA Design of a RISC-like Processor for Elliptic Curve Cryptography Using Task-Level Parallel Programming in High-Level Synthesis |
| URI | https://www.proquest.com/docview/3181427684 https://doaj.org/article/dbc4be15e6ca4a1eb8870763b07e383d |
| Volume | 9 |
| WOSCitedRecordID | wos001451960300001&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| journalDatabaseRights | – providerCode: PRVAON databaseName: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals customDbUrl: eissn: 2410-387X dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0002087879 issn: 2410-387X databaseCode: DOA dateStart: 20170101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.doaj.org/ providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals – providerCode: PRVHPJ databaseName: ROAD: Directory of Open Access Scholarly Resources customDbUrl: eissn: 2410-387X dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0002087879 issn: 2410-387X databaseCode: M~E dateStart: 20170101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://road.issn.org providerName: ISSN International Centre – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database customDbUrl: eissn: 2410-387X dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0002087879 issn: 2410-387X databaseCode: P5Z dateStart: 20170601 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/hightechjournals providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: ProQuest Central customDbUrl: eissn: 2410-387X dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0002087879 issn: 2410-387X databaseCode: BENPR dateStart: 20170601 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.proquest.com/central providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Publicly Available Content Database customDbUrl: eissn: 2410-387X dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0002087879 issn: 2410-387X databaseCode: PIMPY dateStart: 20170601 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com/publiccontent providerName: ProQuest |
| link | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV1Lb9QwELZQ4cAFKA-xtFRzQOJC1KzzcNzb7tJtK5WV1RapcLFsx5GWLtkq2VbqP-BnM5N4qz1QuHBJFMexHM_YMyN__oaxDxXPixLj46jKpY_QHqeRyUQSGZMkuRHlkPc8s6diNisuL6XaSPVFmLCeHrgfuP3SutT6YeZzZ1Iz9BZnBbad2Fh4jK5KWn1jITeCqR_d9lqBmih7mqEE4_p919xdrwILNEESYsrwvWGKOsb-h9blzthMX7BnwUuEUd-7bfbI1y_Z83UGBggT8hX7NVYjdQBTdTSCzx0WA5YVGDg7OZ9Ei_mVh3AQYNkAeqdACA1cIxxMbppbD5ON3kIHHoAL015Fp4QkAmUaSrSyoDYIw_WT3s9rIGhIqHJ-V6MD2c7b1-zr9PBichyF3AqRQwtEGeilETbz3Aj02ITJsiRP0bRbHnshy1JmovKFrJLCCIflvMAnn1v8yKIFs8kbtlUva_-WQepS9CFdLDiXeMtQTJzONPgcmygtHzC-HmbtAvE45b9YaAxASDb6D7IZsE_3H133vBt_rz4m-d1XJdLsrgBVSQdV0v9SpQH7SNLXNLWxg86EEwr4m0SSpUd0QC0mSrgB210riA5zvtW4Og5TThub7_5Hb3bYU065hju82y7bWjU3_j174m5X87bZY4_HhzN1ttepPV5V9h3L1MkX9e03dtYLPw |
| linkProvider | Directory of Open Access Journals |
| linkToHtml | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V1Nb9NAEB2VFAkulE8RKLAHEBesOru210ZCKE0JjZpGFg1SezLr9aaKmtrBTovyD_g1_EZmnHXoAXrrgZNle73abN7OzNpv5gG8nvAgzHB_7EyCyDjojz1H-VI4SgkRKJl1-KrO7FCORuHxcRRvwK8mF4ZolY1NrA11Vmh6R76D2Ot4nD4bfZx_d0g1ir6uNhIaK1gcmOUP3LJVHwZ7-P--4bz_adzbd6yqgKPR9pL2eqRk6huuJMYqUvm-CDx0ail3jYyyLPLlxITRRIRKarzOQzwzQYoPpWi7U4H93oJNj8Degs14cBifrN_qcDfEFRCtyhsJEbk7ulzOF7b6NFEhXFIWv-ICa6WAf_mD2sn1t_636bkP92w4zbor_D-ADZM_hK1GqoJZy_UIfu7G3fg968efu2yvJq2wYsIU-zI46jmz6ZlhNmOiKBmG8YyoLGhMNetdlJeG9a5ML6tZFmysqjNnSJQrFquSFGlm1AeR3c7p_jRnxKGxTY6WOUba1bR6DF9vZD6eQCsvcvMUmKc9DLa1KzmP8OArT3FK_jABdpGlvA28wUWibYV2EgqZJbhTIzAlfwFTG96tH5qvCpRc33yXALduStXF6wtFeZpYY5VkqfZS08GBaRxjx6ToiXA9i9SVRoQia8NbgmtCNhAHqJVN5cCfSdXEki5l8rlUO68N2w1cE2scq-QPVp9df_sV3NkfHw6T4WB08BzucpJerul_29BalBfmBdzWl4tpVb6065DBt5vG9m_H-XEY |
| linkToPdf | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V3Pb9MwFLbGQIgL46foGOADiAtRUzuJEySEupZCtaqK2JAmLp7tOKhal5SkG-p_wN_EX8d7qVN2gN124BQlcSzX_fzec_K99xHyMmdRnMH-2MujxHrgjwNPhYJ7SnEeKZH12LrO7ERMp_HxcZJukV9tLgzSKlub2BjqrDT4jrwL2OsFDD8bdXNHi0iHo_eL7x4qSOGX1lZOYw2RA7v6Adu3-t14CP_1K8ZGH44GnzynMOAZsMOow54ooUPLlIC4Ragw5FEADk4z34oky5JQ5DZOch4rYeA6i-HMRhoe0mDHNYd-b5CbAvaYSCdMw6-b9zvMj2EtJOtCR5wnftdUq8XS1aFGUoSPGuOXnGGjGfAvz9C4u9HO_zxR98hdF2TT_npV3CdbtnhAdloBC-rs2UPycz_tp2_pKP3Yp8OGykLLnCr6eXw48OazU0tdHkVZUQjuKRJcwMQaOjivLiwdXJpq2nAv6JGqT70JErFoqirUqZljH0iBO8P7s4Iis8Y1OVwVEH_Xs_oR-XIt8_GYbBdlYZ8QGpgAQnDjC8YSOIQqUAxTQmwEXWSadQhrMSKNq9uO8iFzCfs3BJb8C7A65M3mocW6bMnVzfcRfJumWHO8uVBW36QzYTLTJtC2BwMzMMae1eCfYJVz7QvLY551yGuErkTLCAM0yiV4wM_EGmOyj_l9PlbU65C9FrrSmcxa_sHt7tW3X5DbAGg5GU8PnpI7DPWYG07gHtleVuf2GbllLpazunreLEhKTq4b2L8BmD94ew |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=BPAP%3A+FPGA+Design+of+a+RISC-like+Processor+for+Elliptic+Curve+Cryptography+Using+Task-Level+Parallel+Programming+in+High-Level+Synthesis&rft.jtitle=Cryptography&rft.au=Rares+Ifrim&rft.au=Decebal+Popescu&rft.date=2025-03-01&rft.pub=MDPI+AG&rft.eissn=2410-387X&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=20&rft_id=info:doi/10.3390%2Fcryptography9010020&rft.externalDBID=DOA&rft.externalDocID=oai_doaj_org_article_dbc4be15e6ca4a1eb8870763b07e383d |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=2410-387X&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=2410-387X&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=2410-387X&client=summon |