Point-of-need detection of microcystin-LR using a smartphone-controlled electrochemical analyzer

•A portable and wireless point-of-need detection system for microcystin-LR (MC-LR) quantitation was developed and validated.•The detection system consisted of three main parts: screen printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs), smartphone-controlled electrochemical analyzer (SCEA), and Android's smartph...

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Vydané v:	Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical Ročník 294; s. 132 - 140
Hlavní autori:	Guan, Tian, Huang, Wenzheng, Xu, Ningxia, Xu, Zhenzhen, Jiang, Lelun, Li, Mengting, Wei, Xiaoqun, Liu, Yingju, Shen, Xing, Li, Xiangmei, Yi, Changqing, Lei, Hongtao
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	English
Vydavateľské údaje:	Lausanne Elsevier B.V 01.09.2019 Elsevier Science Ltd
Predmet:	ARM STM32 microcontroller Drinking water Electrochemical immunosensor Microcontrollers Microcystin-LR Point-of-need Portable equipment Smartphone Smartphones Workstations LOD R2 MC-LR Ab CVs ARM STM32 microcontroller Ag PW LC–MS Microcystin-LR Electrochemical immunosensor SCEA PB-CS WE BSA CV RE Point-of-need SPCE ARM Smartphone MCU ELISA
ISSN:	0925-4005, 1873-3077
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Abstract	•A portable and wireless point-of-need detection system for microcystin-LR (MC-LR) quantitation was developed and validated.•The detection system consisted of three main parts: screen printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs), smartphone-controlled electrochemical analyzer (SCEA), and Android's smartphone.•A spatiotemporal mapping of MC-LR field detection was conducted to further validate the feasibility of the SCEA for on-site screening. The development of rapid and in situ detection method for microcystin-LR (MC-LR) with portable, reliable, and easy to use devices are highly demanded, but it is still deficient. In this study, a portable and wireless point-of-need detection system for microcystin-LR (MC-LR) quantitation was developed and validated. The whole system consisted of three main parts: screen printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs), smartphone-controlled electrochemical analyzer (SCEA), and Android's smartphone. The SCEA was a homemade ARM STM32 microcontroller-based electrochemical analyzer, which have similar performance compared with a commercially available electrochemical workstation. A smartphone installed with a user-friendly application was employed to control the analyzer, receive and analyze data, and display detection results in real-time. This system can accurately quantitate MC-LR in the range of 0.001–100 μg/L with a detection limit of 0.00011 μg/L, and the results were consistent with LC–MS/MS. In addition, a preliminary MC-LR contamination map was generated using this smartphone-based platform by measuring water samples at 6 reservoirs located in Pearl River Delta (Guangdong Province, China). The cost-effective, reliable and easy-to-use smartphone-based detection system reported here can facilitate active toxicant screening to guarantee the safety of the drinking water, particularly in resource-limited area.
AbstractList	The development of rapid and in situ detection method for microcystin-LR (MC-LR) with portable, reliable, and easy to use devices are highly demanded, but it is still deficient. In this study, a portable and wireless point-of-need detection system for microcystin-LR (MC-LR) quantitation was developed and validated. The whole system consisted of three main parts: screen printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs), smartphone-controlled electrochemical analyzer (SCEA), and Android's smartphone. The SCEA was a homemade ARM STM32 microcontroller-based electrochemical analyzer, which have similar performance compared with a commercially available electrochemical workstation. A smartphone installed with a user-friendly application was employed to control the analyzer, receive and analyze data, and display detection results in real-time. This system can accurately quantitate MC-LR in the range of 0.001–100 μg/L with a detection limit of 0.00011 μg/L, and the results were consistent with LC–MS/MS. In addition, a preliminary MC-LR contamination map was generated using this smartphone-based platform by measuring water samples at 6 reservoirs located in Pearl River Delta (Guangdong Province, China). The cost-effective, reliable and easy-to-use smartphone-based detection system reported here can facilitate active toxicant screening to guarantee the safety of the drinking water, particularly in resource-limited area. •A portable and wireless point-of-need detection system for microcystin-LR (MC-LR) quantitation was developed and validated.•The detection system consisted of three main parts: screen printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs), smartphone-controlled electrochemical analyzer (SCEA), and Android's smartphone.•A spatiotemporal mapping of MC-LR field detection was conducted to further validate the feasibility of the SCEA for on-site screening. The development of rapid and in situ detection method for microcystin-LR (MC-LR) with portable, reliable, and easy to use devices are highly demanded, but it is still deficient. In this study, a portable and wireless point-of-need detection system for microcystin-LR (MC-LR) quantitation was developed and validated. The whole system consisted of three main parts: screen printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs), smartphone-controlled electrochemical analyzer (SCEA), and Android's smartphone. The SCEA was a homemade ARM STM32 microcontroller-based electrochemical analyzer, which have similar performance compared with a commercially available electrochemical workstation. A smartphone installed with a user-friendly application was employed to control the analyzer, receive and analyze data, and display detection results in real-time. This system can accurately quantitate MC-LR in the range of 0.001–100 μg/L with a detection limit of 0.00011 μg/L, and the results were consistent with LC–MS/MS. In addition, a preliminary MC-LR contamination map was generated using this smartphone-based platform by measuring water samples at 6 reservoirs located in Pearl River Delta (Guangdong Province, China). The cost-effective, reliable and easy-to-use smartphone-based detection system reported here can facilitate active toxicant screening to guarantee the safety of the drinking water, particularly in resource-limited area.
Author	Liu, Yingju Wei, Xiaoqun Xu, Ningxia Guan, Tian Huang, Wenzheng Lei, Hongtao Xu, Zhenzhen Jiang, Lelun Li, Xiangmei Li, Mengting Shen, Xing Yi, Changqing
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Tian surname: Guan fullname: Guan, Tian organization: Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Guangdong Province, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China – sequence: 2 givenname: Wenzheng surname: Huang fullname: Huang, Wenzheng organization: Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China – sequence: 3 givenname: Ningxia surname: Xu fullname: Xu, Ningxia organization: Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China – sequence: 4 givenname: Zhenzhen surname: Xu fullname: Xu, Zhenzhen organization: Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China – sequence: 5 givenname: Lelun surname: Jiang fullname: Jiang, Lelun organization: Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China – sequence: 6 givenname: Mengting surname: Li fullname: Li, Mengting organization: Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Guangdong Province, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China – sequence: 7 givenname: Xiaoqun surname: Wei fullname: Wei, Xiaoqun organization: Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Guangdong Province, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China – sequence: 8 givenname: Yingju surname: Liu fullname: Liu, Yingju organization: Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Guangdong Province, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China – sequence: 9 givenname: Xing surname: Shen fullname: Shen, Xing organization: Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Guangdong Province, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China – sequence: 10 givenname: Xiangmei surname: Li fullname: Li, Xiangmei organization: Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Guangdong Province, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China – sequence: 11 givenname: Changqing surname: Yi fullname: Yi, Changqing email: yichq@mail.sysu.edu.cn organization: Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China – sequence: 12 givenname: Hongtao orcidid: 0000-0002-1697-1747 surname: Lei fullname: Lei, Hongtao email: hongtao@scau.edu.cn organization: Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Guangdong Province, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Keywords	LOD R2 MC-LR Ab CVs ARM STM32 microcontroller Ag PW LC–MS Microcystin-LR Electrochemical immunosensor SCEA PB-CS WE BSA CV RE Point-of-need SPCE ARM Smartphone MCU ELISA
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Snippet	•A portable and wireless point-of-need detection system for microcystin-LR (MC-LR) quantitation was developed and validated.•The detection system consisted of... The development of rapid and in situ detection method for microcystin-LR (MC-LR) with portable, reliable, and easy to use devices are highly demanded, but it...
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SubjectTerms	ARM STM32 microcontroller Drinking water Electrochemical immunosensor Microcontrollers Microcystin-LR Point-of-need Portable equipment Smartphone Smartphones Workstations
Title	Point-of-need detection of microcystin-LR using a smartphone-controlled electrochemical analyzer
URI	https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2019.05.028 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2256135663
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