Female Early Marriage and Son Preference in Pakistan

In this study, we employ pooled data from four rounds of Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (PDHS) to examine whether, and to what extent, does the incidence of early marriage shape the married women's perspectives on gender preference associated with reproduction. We employ a number of eco...

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Vydáno v:The Journal of development studies Ročník 59; číslo 10; s. 1549 - 1569
Hlavní autoři: Mughal, Mazhar, Javed, Rashid, Lorey, Thierry
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: Abingdon Routledge 03.10.2023
Taylor & Francis Ltd
Témata:
age at marriage
Attitudes
Birth order
Boys
Child marriage
Child sex preferences
Discontinued
Fertility
Gender
gender bias
Gender inequality
Health surveys
Marriage
Pakistan
son preference
Spacing
Wives
Women
Women's education
Pakistan
ISSN:0022-0388, 1743-9140
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Shrnutí:In this study, we employ pooled data from four rounds of Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (PDHS) to examine whether, and to what extent, does the incidence of early marriage shape the married women's perspectives on gender preference associated with reproduction. We employ a number of econometric techniques (Probit, OLS, Cox Hazard Model, IV Probit and treatment effects) and a large set of model specifications, and find significant evidence supporting the role of early marriage in perpetuating disproportionate preference for boys. Women who married before turning 18 not only state a greater desire for boys but are also less likely to stop reproduction as long as they do not have a boy. Early-age marriage is associated with 7.7-12.5 per cent higher incidence of fertility discontinuation among women without a son. This son-preferring behaviour is stronger at higher birth order and also reflects in differential spacing patterns. Women's education appears to be the strongest channel through which these effects are mediated. The divergence between early- and late-marrying women appears to have sharpened over time. The findings of this study underscore the role played by early marriage in altering the gender-specific attitudes prevalent in the society, and highlight existing gender inequality traps.
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ISSN:0022-0388
1743-9140
DOI:10.1080/00220388.2023.2217997