Aetiology of chronic liver disease is a valuable factor for stratifying adverse outcomes of acute decompensation: prospective observational study
Acute decompensation (AD) is defined as the development of complications related to portal hypertension and liver dysfunction that affect the progression of chronic liver disease (CLD) or liver cirrhosis (LC). Variations exist in patient demographics and prognostic outcomes of AD based on the aetiol...
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| Published in: | Annals of medicine (Helsinki) Vol. 57; no. 1; p. 2428431 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
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Taylor & Francis
01.12.2025
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| ISSN: | 0785-3890, 1365-2060, 1365-2060 |
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| Abstract | Acute decompensation (AD) is defined as the development of complications related to portal hypertension and liver dysfunction that affect the progression of chronic liver disease (CLD) or liver cirrhosis (LC). Variations exist in patient demographics and prognostic outcomes of AD based on the aetiology of CLD, encompassing LC. However, limited research has been conducted to analyse these discrepancies across aetiologies.
The prospective Korean Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure (KACLiF) cohort consisted of 1,501 patients who were hospitalized with AD of CLD from July 2015 to August 2018. In this study, we assess the clinical attributes and prognostic implications of AD with CLD/LC stratified by the aetiology.
Among 1,501 patients, the mean age was 54.7 years old and 1,118 patients (74.5%) were men. The common events of AD were GI bleeding (35.3%) and jaundice (35.0%). There was a median follow-up of 8.0 months (1.0-16.0 months). The most common aetiology of CLD was alcohol (
= 1021), followed by viral hepatitis (
= 206), viral hepatitis with alcohol-related (
= 129), cryptogenic (
= 108) and autoimmune (
= 37). Viral hepatitis with alcohol-related CLD showed a poor liver function profile and a high frequency of acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) [22.1% vs. 19.6% (alcohol CLD), 8.1% (viral CLD), 5.6% (autoimmune related CLD and 16.0% (cryptogenic CLD)] with worse adverse outcomes (mortality or liver transplantation) than other aetiologies. The difference in aetiology was a significant factor for 28-day adverse outcomes in multivariate analysis even in a high MELD score (≥15), which indicated poor baseline liver function and prognosis (
< 0.001).
The aetiology of CLD constitutes a pivotal determinant influencing both short- and long-term adverse outcomes of AD in CLD, even among individuals presenting with elevated MELD scores. Notably, patients afflicted with viral hepatitis should exercise caution even in the consumption of modest quantities of alcohol that induced the exacerbations in the adverse outcomes associated with AD. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Acute decompensation (AD) is defined as the development of complications related to portal hypertension and liver dysfunction that affect the progression of chronic liver disease (CLD) or liver cirrhosis (LC). Variations exist in patient demographics and prognostic outcomes of AD based on the aetiology of CLD, encompassing LC. However, limited research has been conducted to analyse these discrepancies across aetiologies.BACKGROUND/AIMSAcute decompensation (AD) is defined as the development of complications related to portal hypertension and liver dysfunction that affect the progression of chronic liver disease (CLD) or liver cirrhosis (LC). Variations exist in patient demographics and prognostic outcomes of AD based on the aetiology of CLD, encompassing LC. However, limited research has been conducted to analyse these discrepancies across aetiologies.The prospective Korean Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure (KACLiF) cohort consisted of 1,501 patients who were hospitalized with AD of CLD from July 2015 to August 2018. In this study, we assess the clinical attributes and prognostic implications of AD with CLD/LC stratified by the aetiology.METHODSThe prospective Korean Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure (KACLiF) cohort consisted of 1,501 patients who were hospitalized with AD of CLD from July 2015 to August 2018. In this study, we assess the clinical attributes and prognostic implications of AD with CLD/LC stratified by the aetiology.Among 1,501 patients, the mean age was 54.7 years old and 1,118 patients (74.5%) were men. The common events of AD were GI bleeding (35.3%) and jaundice (35.0%). There was a median follow-up of 8.0 months (1.0-16.0 months). The most common aetiology of CLD was alcohol (n = 1021), followed by viral hepatitis (n = 206), viral hepatitis with alcohol-related (n = 129), cryptogenic (n = 108) and autoimmune (n = 37). Viral hepatitis with alcohol-related CLD showed a poor liver function profile and a high frequency of acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) [22.1% vs. 19.6% (alcohol CLD), 8.1% (viral CLD), 5.6% (autoimmune related CLD and 16.0% (cryptogenic CLD)] with worse adverse outcomes (mortality or liver transplantation) than other aetiologies. The difference in aetiology was a significant factor for 28-day adverse outcomes in multivariate analysis even in a high MELD score (≥15), which indicated poor baseline liver function and prognosis (p < 0.001).RESULTSAmong 1,501 patients, the mean age was 54.7 years old and 1,118 patients (74.5%) were men. The common events of AD were GI bleeding (35.3%) and jaundice (35.0%). There was a median follow-up of 8.0 months (1.0-16.0 months). The most common aetiology of CLD was alcohol (n = 1021), followed by viral hepatitis (n = 206), viral hepatitis with alcohol-related (n = 129), cryptogenic (n = 108) and autoimmune (n = 37). Viral hepatitis with alcohol-related CLD showed a poor liver function profile and a high frequency of acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) [22.1% vs. 19.6% (alcohol CLD), 8.1% (viral CLD), 5.6% (autoimmune related CLD and 16.0% (cryptogenic CLD)] with worse adverse outcomes (mortality or liver transplantation) than other aetiologies. The difference in aetiology was a significant factor for 28-day adverse outcomes in multivariate analysis even in a high MELD score (≥15), which indicated poor baseline liver function and prognosis (p < 0.001).The aetiology of CLD constitutes a pivotal determinant influencing both short- and long-term adverse outcomes of AD in CLD, even among individuals presenting with elevated MELD scores. Notably, patients afflicted with viral hepatitis should exercise caution even in the consumption of modest quantities of alcohol that induced the exacerbations in the adverse outcomes associated with AD.CONCLUSIONThe aetiology of CLD constitutes a pivotal determinant influencing both short- and long-term adverse outcomes of AD in CLD, even among individuals presenting with elevated MELD scores. Notably, patients afflicted with viral hepatitis should exercise caution even in the consumption of modest quantities of alcohol that induced the exacerbations in the adverse outcomes associated with AD. Background/Aims Acute decompensation (AD) is defined as the development of complications related to portal hypertension and liver dysfunction that affect the progression of chronic liver disease (CLD) or liver cirrhosis (LC). Variations exist in patient demographics and prognostic outcomes of AD based on the aetiology of CLD, encompassing LC. However, limited research has been conducted to analyse these discrepancies across aetiologies.Methods The prospective Korean Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure (KACLiF) cohort consisted of 1,501 patients who were hospitalized with AD of CLD from July 2015 to August 2018. In this study, we assess the clinical attributes and prognostic implications of AD with CLD/LC stratified by the aetiology.Results Among 1,501 patients, the mean age was 54.7 years old and 1,118 patients (74.5%) were men. The common events of AD were GI bleeding (35.3%) and jaundice (35.0%). There was a median follow-up of 8.0 months (1.0–16.0 months). The most common aetiology of CLD was alcohol (n = 1021), followed by viral hepatitis (n = 206), viral hepatitis with alcohol-related (n = 129), cryptogenic (n = 108) and autoimmune (n = 37). Viral hepatitis with alcohol-related CLD showed a poor liver function profile and a high frequency of acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) [22.1% vs. 19.6% (alcohol CLD), 8.1% (viral CLD), 5.6% (autoimmune related CLD and 16.0% (cryptogenic CLD)] with worse adverse outcomes (mortality or liver transplantation) than other aetiologies. The difference in aetiology was a significant factor for 28-day adverse outcomes in multivariate analysis even in a high MELD score (≥15), which indicated poor baseline liver function and prognosis (p < 0.001).Conclusion The aetiology of CLD constitutes a pivotal determinant influencing both short- and long-term adverse outcomes of AD in CLD, even among individuals presenting with elevated MELD scores. Notably, patients afflicted with viral hepatitis should exercise caution even in the consumption of modest quantities of alcohol that induced the exacerbations in the adverse outcomes associated with AD. Acute decompensation (AD) is defined as the development of complications related to portal hypertension and liver dysfunction that affect the progression of chronic liver disease (CLD) or liver cirrhosis (LC). Variations exist in patient demographics and prognostic outcomes of AD based on the aetiology of CLD, encompassing LC. However, limited research has been conducted to analyse these discrepancies across aetiologies. The prospective Korean Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure (KACLiF) cohort consisted of 1,501 patients who were hospitalized with AD of CLD from July 2015 to August 2018. In this study, we assess the clinical attributes and prognostic implications of AD with CLD/LC stratified by the aetiology. Among 1,501 patients, the mean age was 54.7 years old and 1,118 patients (74.5%) were men. The common events of AD were GI bleeding (35.3%) and jaundice (35.0%). There was a median follow-up of 8.0 months (1.0-16.0 months). The most common aetiology of CLD was alcohol ( = 1021), followed by viral hepatitis ( = 206), viral hepatitis with alcohol-related ( = 129), cryptogenic ( = 108) and autoimmune ( = 37). Viral hepatitis with alcohol-related CLD showed a poor liver function profile and a high frequency of acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) [22.1% vs. 19.6% (alcohol CLD), 8.1% (viral CLD), 5.6% (autoimmune related CLD and 16.0% (cryptogenic CLD)] with worse adverse outcomes (mortality or liver transplantation) than other aetiologies. The difference in aetiology was a significant factor for 28-day adverse outcomes in multivariate analysis even in a high MELD score (≥15), which indicated poor baseline liver function and prognosis ( < 0.001). The aetiology of CLD constitutes a pivotal determinant influencing both short- and long-term adverse outcomes of AD in CLD, even among individuals presenting with elevated MELD scores. Notably, patients afflicted with viral hepatitis should exercise caution even in the consumption of modest quantities of alcohol that induced the exacerbations in the adverse outcomes associated with AD. |
| Author | Kim, Sang Gyune Kim, Ji Hoon Kim, Jung Hee Seo, Yeon Seok Sinn, Dong Hyun Kim, Dong Joon Kim, Hwi Young Kim, Yoon Jun Cho, Hyun Chin Kim, Tae Hyung Kwon, Jung Hyun Lee, Han Ah Chae, Hee Bok Kim, Won Kim, Sung-Eun Yoo, Jeong Ju Yang, Jin Mo Cheon, Gab Jin Kim, Hyoungsu Jang, Jae-Young Jin, Young-Joo Kim, Hee Yeon Jung, Young-Kul Kim, In Hee Park, Ji Won Jeong, Soung Won Kang, Seong Hee Song, Do Seon Cho, Ju Yeon Suk, Ki Tae Kim, Moon Young Nam, Seung Woo Chung, Woo Jin Yoon, Eileen L. Kim, Byung Seok Yim, Hyung Joon Park, Jung Gil Sohn, Joo Hyun Lee, Sung Won |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Jung Hee surname: Kim fullname: Kim, Jung Hee organization: Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea, Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea – sequence: 2 givenname: Sung-Eun surname: Kim fullname: Kim, Sung-Eun organization: Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea, Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea – sequence: 3 givenname: Do Seon surname: Song fullname: Song, Do Seon organization: Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea – sequence: 4 givenname: Hee Yeon surname: Kim fullname: Kim, Hee Yeon organization: Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea – sequence: 5 givenname: Eileen L. surname: Yoon fullname: Yoon, Eileen L. organization: Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea – sequence: 6 givenname: Ji Won surname: Park fullname: Park, Ji Won organization: Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea, Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea – sequence: 7 givenname: Tae Hyung surname: Kim fullname: Kim, Tae Hyung organization: Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea – sequence: 8 givenname: Young-Kul surname: Jung fullname: Jung, Young-Kul organization: Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea – sequence: 9 givenname: Ki Tae surname: Suk fullname: Suk, Ki Tae organization: Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea, Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea – sequence: 10 givenname: Hyung Joon surname: Yim fullname: Yim, Hyung Joon organization: Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea – sequence: 11 givenname: Jung Hyun surname: Kwon fullname: Kwon, Jung Hyun organization: Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea – sequence: 12 givenname: Sung Won surname: Lee fullname: Lee, Sung Won organization: Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea – sequence: 13 givenname: Seong Hee surname: Kang fullname: Kang, Seong Hee organization: Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea – sequence: 14 givenname: Moon Young surname: Kim fullname: Kim, Moon Young organization: Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea – sequence: 15 givenname: Soung Won surname: Jeong fullname: Jeong, Soung Won organization: Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea – sequence: 16 givenname: Jae-Young surname: Jang fullname: Jang, Jae-Young organization: Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea – sequence: 17 givenname: Jeong Ju surname: Yoo fullname: Yoo, Jeong Ju organization: Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Republic of Korea – sequence: 18 givenname: Sang Gyune surname: Kim fullname: Kim, Sang Gyune organization: Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Republic of Korea – sequence: 19 givenname: Young-Joo surname: Jin fullname: Jin, Young-Joo organization: Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea – sequence: 20 givenname: Gab Jin surname: Cheon fullname: Cheon, Gab Jin organization: Department of Internal Medicine, Gangneung Asan Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Gangneung, Republic of Korea – sequence: 21 givenname: Byung Seok surname: Kim fullname: Kim, Byung Seok organization: Department of Internal Medicine, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea – sequence: 22 givenname: Yeon Seok surname: Seo fullname: Seo, Yeon Seok organization: Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea – sequence: 23 givenname: Hyoungsu surname: Kim fullname: Kim, Hyoungsu organization: Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea, Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea – sequence: 24 givenname: Dong Hyun surname: Sinn fullname: Sinn, Dong Hyun organization: Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea – sequence: 25 givenname: Woo Jin surname: Chung fullname: Chung, Woo Jin organization: Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea – sequence: 26 givenname: Hwi Young surname: Kim fullname: Kim, Hwi Young organization: Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea – sequence: 27 givenname: Han Ah surname: Lee fullname: Lee, Han Ah organization: Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea – sequence: 28 givenname: Seung Woo surname: Nam fullname: Nam, Seung Woo organization: Department of Internal Medicine, National Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea – sequence: 29 givenname: In Hee surname: Kim fullname: Kim, In Hee organization: Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea – sequence: 30 givenname: Ji Hoon surname: Kim fullname: Kim, Ji Hoon organization: Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea – sequence: 31 givenname: Hee Bok surname: Chae fullname: Chae, Hee Bok organization: Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Republic of Korea – sequence: 32 givenname: Joo Hyun surname: Sohn fullname: Sohn, Joo Hyun organization: Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea – sequence: 33 givenname: Ju Yeon surname: Cho fullname: Cho, Ju Yeon organization: Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea – sequence: 34 givenname: Yoon Jun surname: Kim fullname: Kim, Yoon Jun organization: Department of Internal Medicine, Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea – sequence: 35 givenname: Jin Mo surname: Yang fullname: Yang, Jin Mo organization: Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea – sequence: 36 givenname: Jung Gil surname: Park fullname: Park, Jung Gil organization: Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea – sequence: 37 givenname: Won surname: Kim fullname: Kim, Won organization: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea – sequence: 38 givenname: Hyun Chin surname: Cho fullname: Cho, Hyun Chin organization: Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea – sequence: 39 givenname: Dong Joon surname: Kim fullname: Kim, Dong Joon organization: Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea, Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea |
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| Keywords | aetiology Chronic liver disease acute decompensation liver cirrhosis |
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| Snippet | Acute decompensation (AD) is defined as the development of complications related to portal hypertension and liver dysfunction that affect the progression of... Background/Aims Acute decompensation (AD) is defined as the development of complications related to portal hypertension and liver dysfunction that affect the... |
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| SubjectTerms | acute decompensation Acute-On-Chronic Liver Failure - epidemiology Acute-On-Chronic Liver Failure - etiology Acute-On-Chronic Liver Failure - mortality Adult aetiology Aged Chronic liver disease Disease Progression Female Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage - etiology Hepatitis, Viral, Human - complications Hepatology Humans Hypertension, Portal - complications Hypertension, Portal - etiology liver cirrhosis Liver Cirrhosis - etiology Male Middle Aged Prognosis Prospective Studies Republic of Korea - epidemiology |
| Title | Aetiology of chronic liver disease is a valuable factor for stratifying adverse outcomes of acute decompensation: prospective observational study |
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