The Attraction Effect in Information Visualization

The attraction effect is a well-studied cognitive bias in decision making research, where one's choice between two alternatives is influenced by the presence of an irrelevant (dominated) third alternative. We examine whether this cognitive bias, so far only tested with three alternatives and si...

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Veröffentlicht in:	IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics Jg. 23; H. 1; S. 471 - 480
Hauptverfasser:	Dimara, Evanthia, Bezerianos, Anastasia, Dragicevic, Pierre
Format:	Journal Article
Sprache:	Englisch
Veröffentlicht:	United States IEEE 01.01.2017 The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Schlagworte:	Alternatives asymmetric dominance effect Attraction attraction effect Bias Cognition cognitive bias Cognitive science Companies Computer Science Data visualization Decision making decoy effect Education Human-Computer Interaction Information visualization Scientific visualization Uncertainty Visualization attraction effect decoy effect Index Terms—Information visualization asymmetric dominance effect cognitive bias decision-making
ISSN:	1077-2626, 1941-0506
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Abstract	The attraction effect is a well-studied cognitive bias in decision making research, where one's choice between two alternatives is influenced by the presence of an irrelevant (dominated) third alternative. We examine whether this cognitive bias, so far only tested with three alternatives and simple presentation formats such as numerical tables, text and pictures, also appears in visualizations. Since visualizations can be used to support decision making - e.g., when choosing a house to buy or an employee to hire - a systematic bias could have important implications. In a first crowdsource experiment, we indeed partially replicated the attraction effect with three alternatives presented as a numerical table, and observed similar effects when they were presented as a scatterplot. In a second experiment, we investigated if the effect extends to larger sets of alternatives, where the number of alternatives is too large for numerical tables to be practical. Our findings indicate that the bias persists for larger sets of alternatives presented as scatterplots. We discuss implications for future research on how to further study and possibly alleviate the attraction effect.
AbstractList	The attraction effect is a well-studied cognitive bias in decision making research, where one's choice between two alternatives is influenced by the presence of an irrelevant (dominated) third alternative. We examine whether this cognitive bias, so far only tested with three alternatives and simple presentation formats such as numerical tables, text and pictures, also appears in visualizations. Since visualizations can be used to support decision making - e.g., when choosing a house to buy or an employee to hire - a systematic bias could have important implications. In a first crowdsource experiment, we indeed partially replicated the attraction effect with three alternatives presented as a numerical table, and observed similar effects when they were presented as a scatterplot. In a second experiment, we investigated if the effect extends to larger sets of alternatives, where the number of alternatives is too large for numerical tables to be practical. Our findings indicate that the bias persists for larger sets of alternatives presented as scatterplots. We discuss implications for future research on how to further study and possibly alleviate the attraction effect. —The attraction effect is a well-studied cognitive bias in decision making research, where one's choice between two alternatives is influenced by the presence of an irrelevant (dominated) third alternative. We examine whether this cognitive bias, so far only tested with three alternatives and simple presentation formats such as numerical tables, text and pictures, also appears in visualiza-tions. Since visualizations can be used to support decision making — e.g., when choosing a house to buy or an employee to hire — a systematic bias could have important implications. In a first crowdsource experiment, we indeed partially replicated the attraction effect with three alternatives presented as a numerical table, and observed similar effects when they were presented as a scatterplot. In a second experiment, we investigated if the effect extends to larger sets of alternatives, where the number of alternatives is too large for numerical tables to be practical. Our findings indicate that the bias persists for larger sets of alternatives presented as scatterplots. We discuss implications for future research on how to further study and possibly alleviate the attraction effect.
Author	Dragicevic, Pierre Bezerianos, Anastasia Dimara, Evanthia
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Evanthia surname: Dimara fullname: Dimara, Evanthia email: evanthia.dimara@gmail.com organization: Inria, Univ. Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, France – sequence: 2 givenname: Anastasia surname: Bezerianos fullname: Bezerianos, Anastasia email: Anastasia.Bezerianos@lri.fr organization: Inria, Univ. Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, France – sequence: 3 givenname: Pierre surname: Dragicevic fullname: Dragicevic, Pierre email: Pierre.Dragicevic@inria.fr organization: Inria, Univ. Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, France
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SubjectTerms	Alternatives asymmetric dominance effect Attraction attraction effect Bias Cognition cognitive bias Cognitive science Companies Computer Science Data visualization Decision making decoy effect Education Human-Computer Interaction Information visualization Scientific visualization Uncertainty Visualization
Title	The Attraction Effect in Information Visualization
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