Designing time-of-use program based on stochastic security constrained unit commitment considering reliability index
Recently in electricity markets, a massive focus has been made on setting up opportunities for participating demand side. Such opportunities, also known as demand response (DR) options, are triggered by either a grid reliability problem or high electricity prices. Two important challenges that marke...
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| Vydáno v: | Energy (Oxford) Ročník 41; číslo 1; s. 541 - 548 |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
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Kidlington
Elsevier Ltd
01.05.2012
Elsevier |
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| ISSN: | 0360-5442 |
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| Abstract | Recently in electricity markets, a massive focus has been made on setting up opportunities for participating demand side. Such opportunities, also known as demand response (DR) options, are triggered by either a grid reliability problem or high electricity prices. Two important challenges that market operators are facing are appropriate designing and reasonable pricing of DR options.
In this paper, time-of-use program (TOU) as a prevalent time-varying program is modeled linearly based on own and cross elasticity definition. In order to decide on TOU rates, a stochastic model is proposed in which the optimum TOU rates are determined based on grid reliability index set by the operator. Expected Load Not Supplied (ELNS) is used to evaluate reliability of the power system in each hour. The proposed stochastic model is formulated as a two-stage stochastic mixed-integer linear programming (SMILP) problem and solved using CPLEX solver. The validity of the method is tested over the IEEE 24-bus test system. In this regard, the impact of the proposed pricing method on system load profile; operational costs and required capacity of up- and down-spinning reserve as well as improvement of load factor is demonstrated. Also the sensitivity of the results to elasticity coefficients is investigated.
► Time-of-use demand response program is linearly modeled. ► A stochastic model is proposed to determine the optimum TOU rates based on ELNS index set by the operator. ► The model is formulated as a short-term two-stage stochastic mixed-integer linear programming problem. |
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| AbstractList | Recently in electricity markets, a massive focus has been made on setting up opportunities for participating demand side. Such opportunities, also known as demand response (DR) options, are triggered by either a grid reliability problem or high electricity prices. Two important challenges that market operators are facing are appropriate designing and reasonable pricing of DR options. In this paper, time-of-use program (TOU) as a prevalent time-varying program is modeled linearly based on own and cross elasticity definition. In order to decide on TOU rates, a stochastic model is proposed in which the optimum TOU rates are determined based on grid reliability index set by the operator. Expected Load Not Supplied (ELNS) is used to evaluate reliability of the power system in each hour. The proposed stochastic model is formulated as a two-stage stochastic mixed-integer linear programming (SMILP) problem and solved using CPLEX solver. The validity of the method is tested over the IEEE 24-bus test system. In this regard, the impact of the proposed pricing method on system load profile; operational costs and required capacity of up- and down-spinning reserve as well as improvement of load factor is demonstrated. Also the sensitivity of the results to elasticity coefficients is investigated. Recently in electricity markets, a massive focus has been made on setting up opportunities for participating demand side. Such opportunities, also known as demand response (DR) options, are triggered by either a grid reliability problem or high electricity prices. Two important challenges that market operators are facing are appropriate designing and reasonable pricing of DR options. In this paper, time-of-use program (TOU) as a prevalent time-varying program is modeled linearly based on own and cross elasticity definition. In order to decide on TOU rates, a stochastic model is proposed in which the optimum TOU rates are determined based on grid reliability index set by the operator. Expected Load Not Supplied (ELNS) is used to evaluate reliability of the power system in each hour. The proposed stochastic model is formulated as a two-stage stochastic mixed-integer linear programming (SMILP) problem and solved using CPLEX solver. The validity of the method is tested over the IEEE 24-bus test system. In this regard, the impact of the proposed pricing method on system load profile; operational costs and required capacity of up- and down-spinning reserve as well as improvement of load factor is demonstrated. Also the sensitivity of the results to elasticity coefficients is investigated. ► Time-of-use demand response program is linearly modeled. ► A stochastic model is proposed to determine the optimum TOU rates based on ELNS index set by the operator. ► The model is formulated as a short-term two-stage stochastic mixed-integer linear programming problem. |
| Author | Mozafari, Babak Bashirvand, Mahdi Ranjbar, Ali Mohamad Nikzad, Mehdi Solaymani, Soodabeh |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Mehdi surname: Nikzad fullname: Nikzad, Mehdi email: mehdi.nikzad@yahoo.com organization: Department of Electrical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran – sequence: 2 givenname: Babak surname: Mozafari fullname: Mozafari, Babak organization: Department of Electrical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran – sequence: 3 givenname: Mahdi surname: Bashirvand fullname: Bashirvand, Mahdi organization: Department of Electrical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran – sequence: 4 givenname: Soodabeh surname: Solaymani fullname: Solaymani, Soodabeh organization: Department of Electrical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran – sequence: 5 givenname: Ali Mohamad surname: Ranjbar fullname: Ranjbar, Ali Mohamad organization: Department of Electrical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1109/TPWRS.2005.857016 10.1109/TPWRS.2009.2023267 10.1016/j.energy.2009.05.021 10.1016/j.epsr.2008.02.012 10.1016/j.energy.2009.03.018 10.1016/j.energy.2009.09.014 10.1016/j.epsr.2003.10.002 10.1016/j.energy.2009.09.017 10.1109/TPWRS.2009.2036264 10.1016/0378-7796(93)90021-6 10.1109/TPWRS.2007.894843 10.1109/TSG.2010.2046430 10.1109/TPWRS.2003.818587 10.1109/59.780914 10.1016/j.tej.2005.04.005 10.1016/j.apenergy.2009.05.041 10.1109/TPWRS.2007.894867 10.1016/j.epsr.2009.10.007 10.1109/TEVC.2010.2058121 10.1016/j.energy.2009.06.029 10.1109/TPAS.1985.319194 10.1016/j.epsr.2008.04.002 |
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| Keywords | Expected load not supplied index Demand response Stochastic security constrained unit commitment Time-of-use rates Mixed-integer linear programming |
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| SubjectTerms | Applied sciences Demand response electricity electricity costs Energy Exact sciences and technology Expected load not supplied index linear programming markets Mixed-integer linear programming prices stochastic processes Stochastic security constrained unit commitment Time-of-use rates |
| Title | Designing time-of-use program based on stochastic security constrained unit commitment considering reliability index |
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