The relationship between smartphone addiction, academic procrastination, and anxiety: evidence from a diary-based approach

To understand how academic procrastination, anxiety, and smartphone addiction are related, as well as the mechanisms underlying these relationships, this study constructed a mediation model to investigate the influence of college students' anxiety on their academic procrastination and the media...

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Vydáno v:Acta psychologica Ročník 260; s. 105517
Hlavní autoři: Su, Miaoyan, Zhang, Jiayin, Xu, Yanhua, Hu, Jin
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01.10.2025
Elsevier
Témata:
Academic procrastination
Adolescent
Adult
Anxiety
Anxiety - psychology
Behavior, Addictive - psychology
China
College students
Diary method
Female
Humans
Internet Addiction Disorder - psychology
Male
Procrastination
Smartphone
Smartphone addiction
Students - psychology
Universities
Young Adult
China
Anxiety
College students
Smartphone addiction
Diary method
Academic procrastination
ISSN:0001-6918, 1873-6297, 1873-6297
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Abstract To understand how academic procrastination, anxiety, and smartphone addiction are related, as well as the mechanisms underlying these relationships, this study constructed a mediation model to investigate the influence of college students' anxiety on their academic procrastination and the mediating effect of smartphone addiction. The study randomly selected 306 students from a university in Jiangxi Province and conducted a 10-day diary follow-up using the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version, Academic Procrastination Scale and Anxiety Scale to capture daily dynamic data and distinguish between two-level effects. According to correlation analyses, academic procrastination was significantly impacted negatively by anxiety and significantly positively by smartphone addiction at the inter-individual level. At the intra-individual level, anxiety had a significant positive correlation with smartphone addiction and academic procrastination, and smartphone addiction had a significant positive correlation with academic procrastination. The internal level of individuals focuses on the variable fluctuations of the same subject at different time points, while the inter individual level focuses on the stable differences between different subjects. After adjusting for age, gender, and grade level, additional mediation analyses using SPSS 26.0 and Mplus 8.3 revealed that anxiety had a direct predictive influence on students' academic procrastination and an indirect predictive effect through smartphone addiction. The research demonstrated a causal link between academic procrastination and anxiety, providing a fresh viewpoint on the prevalence of anxiety, academic procrastination, and smartphone addiction in the student population and a theoretical basis for the development of interventions.
AbstractList To understand how academic procrastination, anxiety, and smartphone addiction are related, as well as the mechanisms underlying these relationships, this study constructed a mediation model to investigate the influence of college students' anxiety on their academic procrastination and the mediating effect of smartphone addiction. The study randomly selected 306 students from a university in Jiangxi Province and conducted a 10-day diary follow-up using the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version, Academic Procrastination Scale and Anxiety Scale to capture daily dynamic data and distinguish between two-level effects. According to correlation analyses, academic procrastination was significantly impacted negatively by anxiety and significantly positively by smartphone addiction at the inter-individual level. At the intra-individual level, anxiety had a significant positive correlation with smartphone addiction and academic procrastination, and smartphone addiction had a significant positive correlation with academic procrastination. The internal level of individuals focuses on the variable fluctuations of the same subject at different time points, while the inter individual level focuses on the stable differences between different subjects. After adjusting for age, gender, and grade level, additional mediation analyses using SPSS 26.0 and Mplus 8.3 revealed that anxiety had a direct predictive influence on students' academic procrastination and an indirect predictive effect through smartphone addiction. The research demonstrated a causal link between academic procrastination and anxiety, providing a fresh viewpoint on the prevalence of anxiety, academic procrastination, and smartphone addiction in the student population and a theoretical basis for the development of interventions.To understand how academic procrastination, anxiety, and smartphone addiction are related, as well as the mechanisms underlying these relationships, this study constructed a mediation model to investigate the influence of college students' anxiety on their academic procrastination and the mediating effect of smartphone addiction. The study randomly selected 306 students from a university in Jiangxi Province and conducted a 10-day diary follow-up using the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version, Academic Procrastination Scale and Anxiety Scale to capture daily dynamic data and distinguish between two-level effects. According to correlation analyses, academic procrastination was significantly impacted negatively by anxiety and significantly positively by smartphone addiction at the inter-individual level. At the intra-individual level, anxiety had a significant positive correlation with smartphone addiction and academic procrastination, and smartphone addiction had a significant positive correlation with academic procrastination. The internal level of individuals focuses on the variable fluctuations of the same subject at different time points, while the inter individual level focuses on the stable differences between different subjects. After adjusting for age, gender, and grade level, additional mediation analyses using SPSS 26.0 and Mplus 8.3 revealed that anxiety had a direct predictive influence on students' academic procrastination and an indirect predictive effect through smartphone addiction. The research demonstrated a causal link between academic procrastination and anxiety, providing a fresh viewpoint on the prevalence of anxiety, academic procrastination, and smartphone addiction in the student population and a theoretical basis for the development of interventions.
To understand how academic procrastination, anxiety, and smartphone addiction are related, as well as the mechanisms underlying these relationships, this study constructed a mediation model to investigate the influence of college students' anxiety on their academic procrastination and the mediating effect of smartphone addiction. The study randomly selected 306 students from a university in Jiangxi Province and conducted a 10-day diary follow-up using the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version, Academic Procrastination Scale and Anxiety Scale to capture daily dynamic data and distinguish between two-level effects. According to correlation analyses, academic procrastination was significantly impacted negatively by anxiety and significantly positively by smartphone addiction at the inter-individual level. At the intra-individual level, anxiety had a significant positive correlation with smartphone addiction and academic procrastination, and smartphone addiction had a significant positive correlation with academic procrastination. The internal level of individuals focuses on the variable fluctuations of the same subject at different time points, while the inter individual level focuses on the stable differences between different subjects. After adjusting for age, gender, and grade level, additional mediation analyses using SPSS 26.0 and Mplus 8.3 revealed that anxiety had a direct predictive influence on students' academic procrastination and an indirect predictive effect through smartphone addiction. The research demonstrated a causal link between academic procrastination and anxiety, providing a fresh viewpoint on the prevalence of anxiety, academic procrastination, and smartphone addiction in the student population and a theoretical basis for the development of interventions.
ArticleNumber 105517
Author Su, Miaoyan
Xu, Yanhua
Zhang, Jiayin
Hu, Jin
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Miaoyan
  surname: Su
  fullname: Su, Miaoyan
  organization: School of Geography and Environment, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Jiayin
  surname: Zhang
  fullname: Zhang, Jiayin
  organization: School of Geography and Environment, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Yanhua
  surname: Xu
  fullname: Xu, Yanhua
  email: yanhuaxuedu@jxnu.edu.cn
  organization: School of Geography and Environment, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
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  givenname: Jin
  surname: Hu
  fullname: Hu, Jin
  organization: School of Geography and Environment, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
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Keywords Anxiety
College students
Smartphone addiction
Diary method
Academic procrastination
Language English
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Snippet To understand how academic procrastination, anxiety, and smartphone addiction are related, as well as the mechanisms underlying these relationships, this study...
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SubjectTerms Academic procrastination
Adolescent
Adult
Anxiety
Anxiety - psychology
Behavior, Addictive - psychology
China
College students
Diary method
Female
Humans
Internet Addiction Disorder - psychology
Male
Procrastination
Smartphone
Smartphone addiction
Students - psychology
Universities
Young Adult
Title The relationship between smartphone addiction, academic procrastination, and anxiety: evidence from a diary-based approach
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.105517
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40907124
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Volume 260
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