Determinants of maximal oxygen uptake in moderate acute hypoxia in endurance athletes

The factors determining maximal oxygen consumption were explored in eight endurance trained subjects (TS) and eight untrained subjects (US) exposed to moderate acute normobaric hypoxia. Subjects performed maximal incremental tests at sea level and simulated altitudes (1,000, 2,500, 4,500 m). Heart r...

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Published in:	European journal of applied physiology Vol. 100; no. 6; pp. 663 - 673
Main Authors:	Mollard, Pascal, Woorons, Xavier, Letournel, Muriel, Lamberto, Christine, Favret, Fabrice, Pichon, Aurélien, Beaudry, Michèle, Richalet, Jean-Paul
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Germany Springer Nature B.V 01.08.2007
Subjects:	Adolescent Adult Altitude Anaerobic Threshold - physiology Carbon Dioxide - blood Cardiac Output - physiology Echocardiography Exercise Test Heart Rate - physiology Humans Hypoxia - metabolism Lung - metabolism Male Oxygen - blood Oxygen Consumption - physiology Physical Endurance - physiology Physical Fitness - physiology Pulmonary Gas Exchange - physiology Respiratory Mechanics - physiology
ISSN:	1439-6319, 1439-6327
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Abstract	The factors determining maximal oxygen consumption were explored in eight endurance trained subjects (TS) and eight untrained subjects (US) exposed to moderate acute normobaric hypoxia. Subjects performed maximal incremental tests at sea level and simulated altitudes (1,000, 2,500, 4,500 m). Heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (.Q), arterialized oxygen saturation (Sa'O2), oxygen uptake (.VO2max), ventilation (.VE, expressed in normobaric conditions) were measured. At maximal exercise, ventilatory equivalent (.VE/.VO2max), O2 transport (.QaO2max) and O2 extraction (O2ERmax) were calculated. In TS, .Qmax remained unchanged despite a significant reduction in HRmax at 4,500 m. SVmax remained unchanged. .VEmax decreased in TS at 4,500 m, .VE/.VO2max was lower in TS and greater at 4,500 m vs. sea level in both groups. Sa'O2max decreased at and above 1,000 m in TS and 2,500 m in US, O2ERmax increased at 4,500 m in both groups. .QaO2max decreased with altitude and was greater in TS than US up to 2,500 m but not at 4,500 m. .VO2max decreased with altitude but the decrement (Delta.VO2max) was larger in TS at 4,500 m. In both groups Delta.VO2max in moderate hypoxia was correlated with Delta.QaO2max. Several differences between the two groups are probably responsible for the greater Delta.VO2max in TS at 4,500 m : (1) the relative hypoventilation in TS as shown by the decrement in .VEmax at 4,500 m (2) the greater.QaO2max decrement in TS due to a lower Sa'O2max and unchanged .Qmax 3) the smaller increase in O2ERmax in TS, insufficient to compensate the decrease in .QaO2max.
AbstractList	The factors determining maximal oxygen consumption were explored in eight endurance trained subjects (TS) and eight untrained subjects (US) exposed to moderate acute normobaric hypoxia. Subjects performed maximal incremental tests at sea level and simulated altitudes (1,000, 2,500, 4,500 m). Heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (.Q), arterialized oxygen saturation (Sa'O2), oxygen uptake (.VO2max), ventilation (.VE, expressed in normobaric conditions) were measured. At maximal exercise, ventilatory equivalent (.VE/.VO2max), O2 transport (.QaO2max) and O2 extraction (O2ERmax) were calculated. In TS, .Qmax remained unchanged despite a significant reduction in HRmax at 4,500 m. SVmax remained unchanged. .VEmax decreased in TS at 4,500 m, .VE/.VO2max was lower in TS and greater at 4,500 m vs. sea level in both groups. Sa'O2max decreased at and above 1,000 m in TS and 2,500 m in US, O2ERmax increased at 4,500 m in both groups. .QaO2max decreased with altitude and was greater in TS than US up to 2,500 m but not at 4,500 m. .VO2max decreased with altitude but the decrement (Delta.VO2max) was larger in TS at 4,500 m. In both groups Delta.VO2max in moderate hypoxia was correlated with Delta.QaO2max. Several differences between the two groups are probably responsible for the greater Delta.VO2max in TS at 4,500 m : (1) the relative hypoventilation in TS as shown by the decrement in .VEmax at 4,500 m (2) the greater.QaO2max decrement in TS due to a lower Sa'O2max and unchanged .Qmax 3) the smaller increase in O2ERmax in TS, insufficient to compensate the decrease in .QaO2max. (ProQuest: Abstract omitted; see image)[PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] (ProQuest: ... denotes formulae and/or non-USASCII text omitted; see image).The factors determining maximal oxygen consumption were explored in eight endurance trained subjects (TS) and eight untrained subjects (US) exposed to moderate acute normobaric hypoxia. Subjects performed maximal incremental tests at sea level and simulated altitudes (1,000, 2,500, 4,500 m). Heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV), cardiac output ... arterialized oxygen saturation ... oxygen uptake ... ventilation (... expressed in normobaric conditions) were measured. At maximal exercise, ventilatory equivalent ... transport ... and O sub(2) extraction (O sub(2)ER sub(max)) were calculated. In TS, ... remained unchanged despite a significant reduction in ... at 4,500 m. SV sub(max) remained unchanged. ... decreased in TS at 4,500 m, ... was lower in TS and greater at 4,500 m vs. sea level in both groups. Sa'O sub(2max) decreased at and above 1,000 m in TS and 2,500 m in US, O sub(2)ER sub(max) increased at 4,500 m in both groups. ... decreased with altitude and was greater in TS than US up to 2,500 m but not at 4,500 m. ... decreased with altitude but the decrement ... was larger in TS at 4,500 m. In both groups ... in moderate hypoxia was correlated with ... Several differences between the two groups are probably responsible for the greater ... in TS at 4,500 m : (1) the relative hypoventilation in TS as shown by the decrement in ... at 4,500 m (2) the greater ... decrement in TS due to a lower Sa'O sub(2max) and unchanged ... 3) the smaller increase in O sub(2)ER sub(max) in TS, insufficient to compensate the decrease in ... The factors determining maximal oxygen consumption were explored in eight endurance trained subjects (TS) and eight untrained subjects (US) exposed to moderate acute normobaric hypoxia. Subjects performed maximal incremental tests at sea level and simulated altitudes (1,000, 2,500, 4,500 m). Heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (.Q), arterialized oxygen saturation (Sa'O2), oxygen uptake (.VO2max), ventilation (.VE, expressed in normobaric conditions) were measured. At maximal exercise, ventilatory equivalent (.VE/.VO2max), O2 transport (.QaO2max) and O2 extraction (O2ERmax) were calculated. In TS, .Qmax remained unchanged despite a significant reduction in HRmax at 4,500 m. SVmax remained unchanged. .VEmax decreased in TS at 4,500 m, .VE/.VO2max was lower in TS and greater at 4,500 m vs. sea level in both groups. Sa'O2max decreased at and above 1,000 m in TS and 2,500 m in US, O2ERmax increased at 4,500 m in both groups. .QaO2max decreased with altitude and was greater in TS than US up to 2,500 m but not at 4,500 m. .VO2max decreased with altitude but the decrement (Delta.VO2max) was larger in TS at 4,500 m. In both groups Delta.VO2max in moderate hypoxia was correlated with Delta.QaO2max. Several differences between the two groups are probably responsible for the greater Delta.VO2max in TS at 4,500 m : (1) the relative hypoventilation in TS as shown by the decrement in .VEmax at 4,500 m (2) the greater.QaO2max decrement in TS due to a lower Sa'O2max and unchanged .Qmax 3) the smaller increase in O2ERmax in TS, insufficient to compensate the decrease in .QaO2max.The factors determining maximal oxygen consumption were explored in eight endurance trained subjects (TS) and eight untrained subjects (US) exposed to moderate acute normobaric hypoxia. Subjects performed maximal incremental tests at sea level and simulated altitudes (1,000, 2,500, 4,500 m). Heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (.Q), arterialized oxygen saturation (Sa'O2), oxygen uptake (.VO2max), ventilation (.VE, expressed in normobaric conditions) were measured. At maximal exercise, ventilatory equivalent (.VE/.VO2max), O2 transport (.QaO2max) and O2 extraction (O2ERmax) were calculated. In TS, .Qmax remained unchanged despite a significant reduction in HRmax at 4,500 m. SVmax remained unchanged. .VEmax decreased in TS at 4,500 m, .VE/.VO2max was lower in TS and greater at 4,500 m vs. sea level in both groups. Sa'O2max decreased at and above 1,000 m in TS and 2,500 m in US, O2ERmax increased at 4,500 m in both groups. .QaO2max decreased with altitude and was greater in TS than US up to 2,500 m but not at 4,500 m. .VO2max decreased with altitude but the decrement (Delta.VO2max) was larger in TS at 4,500 m. In both groups Delta.VO2max in moderate hypoxia was correlated with Delta.QaO2max. Several differences between the two groups are probably responsible for the greater Delta.VO2max in TS at 4,500 m : (1) the relative hypoventilation in TS as shown by the decrement in .VEmax at 4,500 m (2) the greater.QaO2max decrement in TS due to a lower Sa'O2max and unchanged .Qmax 3) the smaller increase in O2ERmax in TS, insufficient to compensate the decrease in .QaO2max.
Author	Pichon, Aurélien Lamberto, Christine Mollard, Pascal Woorons, Xavier Letournel, Muriel Beaudry, Michèle Richalet, Jean-Paul Favret, Fabrice
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BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17534646$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Snippet	The factors determining maximal oxygen consumption were explored in eight endurance trained subjects (TS) and eight untrained subjects (US) exposed to moderate... (ProQuest: Abstract omitted; see image)[PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] (ProQuest: ... denotes formulae and/or non-USASCII text omitted; see image).The factors determining maximal oxygen consumption were explored in eight endurance...
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SubjectTerms	Adolescent Adult Altitude Anaerobic Threshold - physiology Carbon Dioxide - blood Cardiac Output - physiology Echocardiography Exercise Test Heart Rate - physiology Humans Hypoxia - metabolism Lung - metabolism Male Oxygen - blood Oxygen Consumption - physiology Physical Endurance - physiology Physical Fitness - physiology Pulmonary Gas Exchange - physiology Respiratory Mechanics - physiology
Title	Determinants of maximal oxygen uptake in moderate acute hypoxia in endurance athletes
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