Biophysical effects of an old tundra fire in the Brooks Range Foothills of Northern Alaska, U.S.A
Our understanding of tundra fire effects in Northern Alaska is limited because fires have been relatively rare. We sampled a 70+ year-old burn visible in a 1948 aerial photograph for vegetation composition and structure, soil attributes, terrain rugosity, and thermokarst pit density. Between 1948 an...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | Polar science Jg. 39; S. 100984 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Elsevier B.V
01.03.2024
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| ISSN: | 1873-9652, 1876-4428 |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| Abstract | Our understanding of tundra fire effects in Northern Alaska is limited because fires have been relatively rare. We sampled a 70+ year-old burn visible in a 1948 aerial photograph for vegetation composition and structure, soil attributes, terrain rugosity, and thermokarst pit density. Between 1948 and 2017 the burn initially became wetter as ice wedges melted but then drained and dried as the troughs became hydrologically connected. The reference tundra has become wetter over the last few decades and appears to be lagging through a similar sequence. The burn averaged 2.5 °C warmer than the reference tundra at 30 cm depth. Thinning of organic soil following fire appears to dramatically accelerate the background degradation of ground-ice features in response to climate change and promotes a plant community that is distinct in terms of taxa and structure, dominated by tall willows and other competitive, rather than cold-tolerant, species. The cover of sedges and mosses is low while that of willows and grass is high relative to the reference tundra. The changes in plant community composition and structure, increasing ground temperature, and thermokarst lead us to expect the observed biophysical changes to the tundra will persist centuries into the future.
•An old tundra burn was found in a 1948 aerial photograph in northern Alaska.•Fire resulted in melted ground-ice, thermokarst, and conspicuously tall willows.•The adjacent unburned tundra also shows signs of thermokarst related to climate change.•There was a shift from cold-tolerant to competitive plants within the burn.•Ground temperature continues to warm relative to the unburned tundra. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Our understanding of tundra fire effects in Northern Alaska is limited because fires have been relatively rare. We sampled a 70+ year-old burn visible in a 1948 aerial photograph for vegetation composition and structure, soil attributes, terrain rugosity, and thermokarst pit density. Between 1948 and 2017 the burn initially became wetter as ice wedges melted but then drained and dried as the troughs became hydrologically connected. The reference tundra has become wetter over the last few decades and appears to be lagging through a similar sequence. The burn averaged 2.5 °C warmer than the reference tundra at 30 cm depth. Thinning of organic soil following fire appears to dramatically accelerate the background degradation of ground-ice features in response to climate change and promotes a plant community that is distinct in terms of taxa and structure, dominated by tall willows and other competitive, rather than cold-tolerant, species. The cover of sedges and mosses is low while that of willows and grass is high relative to the reference tundra. The changes in plant community composition and structure, increasing ground temperature, and thermokarst lead us to expect the observed biophysical changes to the tundra will persist centuries into the future. Our understanding of tundra fire effects in Northern Alaska is limited because fires have been relatively rare. We sampled a 70+ year-old burn visible in a 1948 aerial photograph for vegetation composition and structure, soil attributes, terrain rugosity, and thermokarst pit density. Between 1948 and 2017 the burn initially became wetter as ice wedges melted but then drained and dried as the troughs became hydrologically connected. The reference tundra has become wetter over the last few decades and appears to be lagging through a similar sequence. The burn averaged 2.5 °C warmer than the reference tundra at 30 cm depth. Thinning of organic soil following fire appears to dramatically accelerate the background degradation of ground-ice features in response to climate change and promotes a plant community that is distinct in terms of taxa and structure, dominated by tall willows and other competitive, rather than cold-tolerant, species. The cover of sedges and mosses is low while that of willows and grass is high relative to the reference tundra. The changes in plant community composition and structure, increasing ground temperature, and thermokarst lead us to expect the observed biophysical changes to the tundra will persist centuries into the future. •An old tundra burn was found in a 1948 aerial photograph in northern Alaska.•Fire resulted in melted ground-ice, thermokarst, and conspicuously tall willows.•The adjacent unburned tundra also shows signs of thermokarst related to climate change.•There was a shift from cold-tolerant to competitive plants within the burn.•Ground temperature continues to warm relative to the unburned tundra. |
| ArticleNumber | 100984 |
| Author | Jones, Benjamin M. Jandt, Randi R. Miller, Eric A. Baughman, Carson A. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Eric A. orcidid: 0000-0002-2021-2612 surname: Miller fullname: Miller, Eric A. email: eamiller@blm.gov organization: Bureau of Land Management, Alaska Fire Service, 1541 Gaffney RD, Fort Wainwright, 99703, AK, USA – sequence: 2 givenname: Carson A. orcidid: 0000-0002-9423-9324 surname: Baughman fullname: Baughman, Carson A. email: cbaughman@usgs.gov organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, 4210 University Drive, Anchorage, 99508, AK, USA – sequence: 3 givenname: Benjamin M. orcidid: 0000-0002-1517-4711 surname: Jones fullname: Jones, Benjamin M. email: bmjones3@alaska.edu organization: Institute of Northern Engineering, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 1764 Tanana Loop, Fairbanks, 99775, AK, USA – sequence: 4 givenname: Randi R. orcidid: 0000-0001-8471-792X surname: Jandt fullname: Jandt, Randi R. email: rjandt@alaska.edu organization: Alaska Fire Science Consortium, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2160 Koyukuk Drive, Fairbanks, 99775, AK, USA |
| BookMark | eNqFkD1PHDEQhq2ISAGSX5DGJUV28dfu7RYpDsSXhIiUhNqa9Y45H8a-2D4k_n3MXSoKUs2r0fuMNM8ROQgxICFfOWs54_3put1ED6kVTMi6YeOgPpBDPiz6RikxHOyybMa-E5_IUc5rxnrFhTgkcObiZvWSnQFP0Vo0JdNoKQQa_UzLNswJqHUJqQu0rJCepRgfM_0J4QHpZYxl5bzfMXcx1UIKdOkhP8I3et_-apefyUcLPuOXf_OY3F9e_D6_bm5_XN2cL28bo0RXGiF7NCOXarIMa5yMnCdgwCYDQ_1x4HwahLIzdAs71-qkpDQopeh6axcoj8nJ_u4mxT9bzEU_uWzQewgYt1lL3slulFINtSr3VZNizgmt3iT3BOlFc6Zfheq13gnVr0L1XmilxjeUcQWKi6EkcP4_7Pc9i9XAs8Oks3EYDM7VrCl6ju5d_i83D5TD |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1088_1748_9326_adfc7f crossref_primary_10_3390_rs16142605 crossref_primary_10_1111_1365_2745_70022 crossref_primary_10_1139_as_2022_0050 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_024_58998_5 |
| Cites_doi | 10.1088/1748-9326/aab326 10.1890/11-1498.1 10.5194/bg-11-6573-2014 10.1175/1520-0442(2001)014<0336:SSIIAT>2.0.CO;2 10.1002/2014JF003180 10.2307/2402027 10.1007/s11676-018-0831-2 10.1111/gcb.15451 10.1016/j.geomorph.2017.09.001 10.1139/X10-060 10.1038/s43247-022-00498-3 10.1088/1748-9326/ab897f 10.1071/WF14167 10.1038/srep15865 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2011.03.004 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2001.00625.x 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2008.01476.x 10.1002/2015JF003602 10.1002/2014JG002730 10.2307/2259343 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00830.x 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01128.x 10.1038/s41467-018-08240-4 10.1111/geb.12783 10.1088/1748-9326/ac98d7 10.1038/s41561-020-0614-1 10.1890/08-1856.1 10.1038/ngeo2674 10.1016/0169-5347(94)90088-4 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143425 10.1029/2005GL024960 10.1111/gcb.13677 10.1098/rstb.2012.0490 10.1088/1748-9326/6/4/045509 10.1111/ele.12080 10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.08.007 10.1890/11-0387.1 10.1088/1748-9326/ac5c0d 10.1038/s41467-020-15014-4 10.1126/science.278.5341.1251 10.1002/2017GL074232 10.1016/S0277-3791(01)00116-0 10.1002/ppp.518 10.5194/bg-12-4017-2015 10.3390/rs10081312 10.1038/s41559-018-0699-8 10.1126/science.1117368 10.1088/1748-9326/11/4/045002 10.1111/jvs.13009 10.1657/1523-0430(06-122)[JANDT]2.0.CO;2 10.1111/j.1654-1103.2011.01285.x 10.2307/1938338 10.1002/2015JG003033 10.1111/1365-2745.13832 10.1657/1938-4246-41.3.309 10.1088/1748-9326/aa9a76 10.1038/s41586-018-0563-7 10.1177/0959683617752858 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2022.103921 10.1007/s10021-008-9206-4 10.1080/014311699211543 10.1002/ece3.710 10.1038/nclimate1465 10.1088/1748-9326/abc994 10.5194/bg-15-5287-2018 10.14430/arctic2508 10.1016/j.oneear.2021.11.011 10.1038/s41586-019-1880-1 10.1016/j.polar.2018.11.008 10.1038/s43017-021-00233-0 10.1080/15230430.2021.1899562 10.1890/11-1062.1 10.1007/s10021-017-0165-5 10.1080/00040851.1987.12002616 10.14430/arctic2133 10.2307/3236198 10.1007/s10113-010-0180-y 10.1002/jgrg.20113 10.1088/1748-9326/aafc1b 10.1016/j.accre.2020.07.002 10.1002/ppp.582 10.2307/1552025 10.1046/j.1365-2745.2000.00426.x 10.1007/s10021-011-9463-5 10.1038/s43247-020-00050-1 10.1088/1748-9326/abf28b 10.1088/1748-9326/aaf932 10.1016/j.earscirev.2017.07.007 10.1080/00040851.1987.12002618 10.1007/s10584-013-0730-7 10.1088/1748-9326/aaaa9a 10.3390/fire6030101 10.1080/00040851.1996.12003204 10.1126/science.abn9768 10.1641/0006-3568(2005)055[0017:WBPCHC]2.0.CO;2 10.1111/ele.13917 10.1038/s41559-021-01396-1 10.1046/j.1365-2486.2000.06010.x 10.1139/x05-153 10.1890/150063 10.1371/journal.pone.0138387 10.1038/nature16489 10.1038/nature10283 10.3390/rs13163098 10.1080/00040851.1987.12002628 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02441.x 10.2307/1935679 10.1038/ngeo1797 10.1002/2015JG002983 10.1088/1748-9326/7/4/044039 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02047.x 10.1038/s41467-018-07663-3 10.1016/j.yqres.2010.12.003 10.1046/j.1365-2486.2000.06022.x 10.1088/1748-9326/11/8/085005 10.1890/04-0739 10.1086/283244 10.3133/ds1092 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1530(199701)8:1<45::AID-PPP240>3.0.CO;2-K 10.1111/1365-2745.12718 10.1038/s43017-021-00240-1 10.1088/1748-9326/abfa4c 10.3390/rs8030218 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | 2023 |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: 2023 |
| DBID | 6I. AAFTH AAYXX CITATION 7S9 L.6 |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984 |
| DatabaseName | ScienceDirect Open Access Titles Elsevier:ScienceDirect:Open Access CrossRef AGRICOLA AGRICOLA - Academic |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef AGRICOLA AGRICOLA - Academic |
| DatabaseTitleList | AGRICOLA |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Geography Oceanography |
| EISSN | 1876-4428 |
| ExternalDocumentID | 10_1016_j_polar_2023_100984 S1873965223000828 |
| GeographicLocations | Alaska |
| GeographicLocations_xml | – name: Alaska |
| GroupedDBID | --K --M .~1 0R~ 123 1B1 1~. 1~5 4.4 457 4G. 5VS 6I. 7-5 71M 8P~ AACTN AAEDT AAEDW AAFTH AAIAV AAIKJ AAKOC AALRI AAOAW AAQFI AAXUO ABFNM ABJNI ABMAC ABMYL ABQEM ABQYD ABTAH ABVKL ABXDB ABYKQ ACDAQ ACGFS ACLVX ACRLP ACSBN ADBBV ADEZE ADMUD AEBSH AEKER AENEX AFKWA AFTJW AGHFR AGUBO AGYEJ AIEXJ AIKHN AITUG AJBFU AJOXV AKRWK ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS AMFUW AMRAJ ATOGT AXJTR BKOJK BLXMC CS3 DU5 EBS EFJIC EFLBG EJD EO8 EO9 EP2 EP3 FDB FEDTE FIRID FNPLU FYGXN GBLVA HVGLF HZ~ IHE IMUCA J1W KOM M41 MO0 N9A NCXOZ NIP O-L O9- OAUVE OK1 OZT P-8 P-9 P2P PC. Q38 RIG ROL RPZ SDF SDG SES SPC SPCBC SSE SSZ T5K ZY4 ~02 ~G- 9DU AATTM AAXKI AAYWO AAYXX ABWVN ACLOT ACRPL ACVFH ADCNI ADNMO ADVLN AEIPS AEUPX AFJKZ AFPUW AIGII AIIUN AKBMS AKYEP ANKPU APXCP CITATION EFKBS ~HD 7S9 L.6 |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c425t-236ec9134bf0e6ecbc3dba0a0bca8016811b824fda57fdec9b433ce33256ff7e3 |
| ISICitedReferencesCount | 5 |
| ISICitedReferencesURI | http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=001208230900001&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| ISSN | 1873-9652 |
| IngestDate | Tue Sep 30 22:14:17 EDT 2025 Sat Nov 29 06:55:35 EST 2025 Tue Nov 18 21:58:04 EST 2025 Sat Mar 16 16:14:14 EDT 2024 |
| IsDoiOpenAccess | true |
| IsOpenAccess | true |
| IsPeerReviewed | false |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Keywords | Permafrost Thermokarst Tussock tundra Yedoma Eriophorum |
| Language | English |
| License | This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license. |
| LinkModel | OpenURL |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c425t-236ec9134bf0e6ecbc3dba0a0bca8016811b824fda57fdec9b433ce33256ff7e3 |
| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-1517-4711 0000-0002-2021-2612 0000-0002-9423-9324 0000-0001-8471-792X |
| OpenAccessLink | https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984 |
| PQID | 3153593348 |
| PQPubID | 24069 |
| ParticipantIDs | proquest_miscellaneous_3153593348 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_polar_2023_100984 crossref_citationtrail_10_1016_j_polar_2023_100984 elsevier_sciencedirect_doi_10_1016_j_polar_2023_100984 |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 2024-03-01 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2024-03-01 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 03 year: 2024 text: 2024-03-01 day: 01 |
| PublicationDecade | 2020 |
| PublicationTitle | Polar science |
| PublicationYear | 2024 |
| Publisher | Elsevier B.V |
| Publisher_xml | – name: Elsevier B.V |
| References | Happonen, Virkkala, Kemppinen, Niittynen, Luoto (b53) 2022; 110 Kanevskiy, Shur, Jorgenson, Brown, Moskalenko, Brown, Walker, Raynolds, Buchhorn (b82) 2017; 297 Kropp, Loranty, Natali, Kholodov, Rocha, Myers-Smith, Abbot, Abermann, Blanc-Betes, Blok, Blume-Werry, Boike, Breen, Cahoon, Christiansen, Douglas, Epstein, Frost, Goeckede, Hø ye, Mamet, O’Donnell, Olefeldt, Phoenix, Salmon, Sannel, Smith, Sonnentag, Vaughn, Williams, Elberling, Gough, Hjort, Lafleur, Euskirchen, Heijmans, Humphreys, Iwata, Jones, Jorgenson, Grünberg, Kim, Laundre, Mauritz, Michelsen, Schaepman-Strub, Tape, Ueyama, Lee, Langley, Lund (b85) 2020; 16 Detterman, Bickel, Gryc (b33) 1963 Potter, Hugny (b111) 2020; 31 Andreu-Hayles, Gaglioti, Berner, Levesque, Anchukaitis, Goetz, D’Arrigo (b5) 2020; 15 Smith, Mertie (b129) 1930 Jin, Jin, Iwahana, Marchenko, Luo, Li, Liang (b68) 2021; 12 Racine, Allen, Dennis (b113) 2006 Berner, Jantz, Tape, Goetz (b10) 2018 Sturm, McFadden, Liston, Chapin III, Racine, Holmgren (b134) 2001; 14 Biskaborn, Smith, Noetzli, Matthes, Vieira, Streletskiy, Schoeneich, Romanovsky, Lewkowicz, Abramov, Allard, Boike, Cable, Christiansen, Delaloye, Diekmann, Drozdov, Etzelmüller, Grosse, Guglielmin, Ingeman-Nielsen, Isaksen, Ishikawa, Johansson, Johannsson, Joo, Kaverin, Kholodov, Konstantinov, Kröger, Lambiel, Lanckman, Luo, Malkova, Meiklejohn, Moskalenko, Oliva, Phillips, Ramos, Sannel, Sergeev, Seybold, Skryabin, Vasiliev, Wu, Yoshikawa, Zheleznyak, Lantuit (b15) 2019; 10 Farquharson, Mann, Grosse, Jones, Romanovsky (b38) 2016; 273 Pajunen, Oksanen, Virtanen (b109) 2011; 22 Serreze, Barry (b126) 2011; 77 He, Bertness, Altieri (b54) 2013; 16 Hall, Brown, Johnson (b51) 1978 Anonymous (b6) 2022 Robinson (b119) 1958 Liljedahl, Hinzman, Busey, Yoshikawa (b87) 2007; 112 Racine (b112) 1981; 34 Kemppinen, Niittynen, le Roux, Momberg, Happonen, Aalto, Rautakoski, Enquist, Vandvik, Halbritter, Maitner, Luoto (b83) 2021; 5 Shur, Jorgenson (b128) 2007; 18 Sturm, Schimel, Michaelson, Welker, Oberbauer, Liston, Fahnestock, Romanovsky (b135) 2005; 55 Bertness, Callaway (b12) 1994; 9 Hinzman, Deal, McGuire, Mernild, Polyakov, Walsh (b58) 2013; 23 Rocha, Loranty, Higuera, Mack, Hu, Jones, Breen, Rastetter, Goetz, Shaver (b120) 2012; 7 Miller, Jones, Baughman, Jandt, Jenkins, Yokel (b99) 2023; 6 Gryc (b49) 1988 Ballinger, Bhatt, Bieniek, Brettschneider, Lader, Littell, Thoman, Waigl, Walsh, Webster (b7) 2023 Maestre, Callaway, Valladares, Lortie (b93) 2009; 97 Baughman, Mann, Verbyla, Kunz (b9) 2015; 120 Walker (b147) 2000; 6 Heim, Bucharova, Brodt, Kamp, Rieker, Soromotin, Yurtaev, Hölzel (b56) 2021; 760 Jorgenson, Kanevskiy, Shur, Moskalenko, Brown, Wickland, Striegl, Koch (b77) 2015; 120 Masrur, Petrov, DeGroote (b95) 2018; 13 Cherry, Déry, Cheng, Stieglitz, Jacobs, Pan (b27) 2014 Gryc (b48) 1985 Kittel, Baker, Higgins, Haney (b84) 2011; 11 Liljedahl, Boike, Daanen, Fedorov, Frost, Grosse, Hinzman, Iijma, Jorgenson, Matveyeva, Necsoiu, Raynolds, Romanovsky, Schulla, Tape, Walker, Wilson, Yabuki, Zona (b86) 2016; 9 Saito, Zhang, Yang, Marchenko, Barry, Romanovsky, Hinzman (b123) 2013; 23 Masrur, Taylor, Harris, Barnes, Petrov (b96) 2022; 127 Jiang, Rocha, O’Donnell, Drysdale, Rastetter, Shaver, Zhuang (b67) 2015; 120 Elmendorf, Henry, Hollister, Björk, Boulanger-Lapointe, Cooper, Cornelissen, Day, Dorrepaal, Elumeeva, Gill, Gould, Harte, Hik, Hofgaard, Johnson, Johnstone, Jónsdóttir, Jorgenson, Klanderud, Klein, Koh, Kudo, Lara, Lévesque, Magnússon, May, Mercado-Dı́az, Michelsen, Molau, Myers-Smith, Oberbauer, Onipchenko, Rixen, Martin Schmidt, Shaver, Spasojevic, órhallsdóttir, Tolvanen, Troxler, Tweedie, Villareal, Wahren, Walker, Webber, Welker, Wipf (b37) 2012; 2 Dormann, Van Der Wal, Woodin (b35) 2004; 10 Jandt, R.R., Miller, E.A., Yokel, D.A., Bret-Harte, M.S., Kolden, C.A., Mack, M.C., 2012. Findings of Anaktuvuk River Fire recovery study 2007–2011. Unpublished Report to the Bureau of Land Management, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA, p. 39. Wang, Zhang, Zhang, Clow, Jafarov, Overeem, Romanovsky, Peng, Cao (b152) 2017; 44 Racine, Johnson, Viereck (b115) 1987; 19 Spetzman (b131) 1959 Strauss, Laboor, Schirrmeister, Fedorov, Fortier, Froese, Fuchs, Günther, Grigoriev, Harden, Hugelius, Jongejans, Kanevskiy, Kholodov, Kunitsky, Kraev, Lozhkin, Rivkina, Shur, Siegert, Spektor, Streletskaya, Ulrich, Vartanyan, Veremeeva, Walter Anthony, Wetterich, Zimov, Grosse (b132) 2022 Summers (b136) 1921 Kanevskiy, Shur, Fortier, Jorgenson, Stephani (b81) 2011; 75 Iwahana, Uchida, Liu, Gong, Meyer, Guritz, Yamanokuchi, Hinzman (b63) 2016; 8 Jorgenson, Kanevskiy, Shur, Grunblatt, Ping, Michaelson (b76) 2015 Jorgenson, Kanevskiy, Jorgenson, Liljedahl, Shur, Epstein, Kent, Griffin, Daanen, Boldenow, Orndahl, Witharana, Jones (b75) 2022; 216 Zhang, Osterkamp, Stamnes (b156) 1996; 28 Hugelius, Strauss, Zubrzycki, Harden, Schuur, Ping, Schirrmeister, Grosse, Michaelson, Koven, O’Donnell, Elberling, Mishra, Camill, Yu, Palmtag, Kuhry (b62) 2014; 11 Billings (b13) 1987; 19 Heijmans, Magnússon, Lara, Frost, Myers-Smith, van Huissteden, Jorgenson, Fedorov, Epstein, Lawrence, Limpens (b55) 2022; 3 Vaks, Mason, Breitenbach, Kononov, Osinzev, Rosensaft, Borshevsky, Gutareva, Henderson (b145) 2020; 577 Johnson, Viereck (b69) 1983 Ackerman, Griffin, Hobbie, Popham, Jones, Finlay (b2) 2018; 13 Rocha, Shaver (b121) 2011; 17 Díaz, Kattge, Cornelissen, Wright, Lavorel, Dray, Reu, Kleyer, Wirth, Colin Prentice, Garnier, Bönisch, Westoby, Poorter, Reich, Moles, Dickie, Gillison, Zanne, Chave, Joseph Wright, Sheremet’ev, Jactel, Baraloto, Cerabolini, Pierce, Shipley, Kirkup, Casanoves, Joswig, Günther, Falczuk, Rüger, Mahecha, Gorné (b34) 2016; 529 Higuera, Chipman, Barnes, Urban, Hu (b57) 2011; 21 Jorgenson, Brown, Hiemstra, Genet, Marcot, Murphy, Douglas (b73) 2022; 17 Nitze, Grosse, Jones, Romanovsky, Boike (b103) 2018; 9 Jorgenson, Romanovsky, Harden, Shur, Schuur, Kanevskiy, Marchenko (b79) 2010; 70 Mann, Peteet, Reanier, Kunz (b94) 2002; 21 Barney, Comiskey (b8) 1973 Berner, Jantz, Tape, Goetz (b11) 2018; 13 Svoboda, Henry (b137) 1987; 19 Urban, F.E., Clow, G.D., 2018. DOI/GTN-P climate and active-layer data acquired in the National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska and the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, 1998–2019. Report 1092, Reston, VA, URL:. Blok, Heijmans, Schaepman-Strub, van Ruijven, Parmentier, Maximov, Berendse (b17) 2011; 14 Walker, Raynolds (b149) 2018 Chen, Hu, Lara (b25) 2021; 27 Jandt, Miller, Jones (b65) 2021 Schuur, Abbott, Bowden, Brovkin, Camill, Canadell, Chanton, Chapin, Christensen, Ciais, Crosby, Czimczik, Grosse, Harden, Hayes, Hugelius, Jastrow, Jones, Kleinen, Koven, Krinner, Kuhry, Lawrence, McGuire, Natali, O’Donnell, Ping, Riley, Rinke, Romanovsky, Sannel, Schädel, Schaefer, Sky, Subin, Tarnocai, Turetsky, Waldrop, Walter Anthony, Wickland, Wilson, Zimov (b125) 2013; 119 O’Donnell, Romanovsky, Harden, McGuire (b104) 2009; 174 O’Donnell, Turetsky, Harden, Manies, Pruett, Shetler, Neff (b105) 2009; 12 Clayton, Schaefer, Battaglia, Bourgeau-Chavez, Chen, Chen, Chen, Bakian-Dogaheh, Grelik, Jafarov, Liu, Michaelides, Moghaddam, Parsekian, Rocha, Schaefer, Sullivan, Tabatabaeenejad, Wang, Wilson, Zebker, Zhang, Zhao (b29) 2021; 16 WRCC (b154) 2021 Chen, Lara, Jones, Frost, Hu (b26) 2021; 4 Swanson (b138) 2015; 10 Box, Colgan, Christensen, Schmidt, Lund, Parmentier, Brown, Bhatt, Euskirchen, Romanovsky, Walsh, Overland, Wang, Corell, Meier, Wouters, Mernild, Maard, Pawlak, Olsen (b18) 2019; 14 Thomas, Myers-Smith, Bjorkman, Elmendorf, Blok, Cornelissen, Forbes, Hollister, Normand, Prevéy, Rixen, Schaepman-Strub, Wilmking, Wipf, Cornwell, Kattge, Goetz, Guay, Alatalo, Anadon-Rosell, Angers-Blondin, Berner, Björk, Buchwal, Buras, Carbognani, Christie, Siegwart Collier, Cooper, Eskelinen, Frei, Grau, Grogan, Hallinger, Heijmans, Hermanutz, Hudson, Hülber, Iturrate-Garcia, Iversen, Jaroszynska, Johnstone, Kaarlejärvi, Kulonen, Lamarque, Lévesque, Little, Michelsen, Milbau, Nabe-Nielsen, Nielsen, Ninot, Oberbauer, Olofsson, Onipchenko, Petraglia, Rumpf, Semenchuk, Soudzilovskaia, Spasojevic, Speed, Tape, te Beest, Tomaselli, Trant, Treier, Venn, Vowles, Weijers, Zamin, Atkin, Bahn, Blonder, Campetella, Cerabolini, Chapin III, Dainese, de Vries, Díaz, Green, Jackson, Manning, Niinemets, Ozinga, Peñuelas, Reich, Schamp, Sheremetev, van Bodegom (b141) 2019; 28 Rettelbach, Langer, Nitze, Jones, Helm, Freytag, Grosse (b118) 2021; 13 Grime (b47) 1977; 111 Shur, Hinkel, Nelson (b127) 2005; 16 Jones, Breen, Gaglioti, Mann, Rocha, Grosse, Arp, Kunz, Walker (b70) 2013; 118 Strauss, Schirrmeister, Grosse, Fortier, Hugelius, Knoblauch, Romanovsky, Schädel, Schneider von Deimling, Schuur, Shmelev, Ulrich, Veremeeva (b133) 2017; 172 French, Jenkins, Loboda, Flannigan, Jandt, Bourgeau-Chavez, Whitley (b42) 2015; 24 Jorgenson, Shur, Pullman (b80) 2006; 33 Frost, Christopherson, Jorgenson, Liljedahl, Macander, Walker, Wells (b43) 2018; 10 Loranty, Natali, Berner, Goetz, Holmes, Davydov, Zimov, Zimov (b90) 2014; 119 Jorgenson, Osterkamp (b78) 2005; 35 Fetcher, Beatty, Mullinax, Winkler (b39) 1984; 65 Muller, Racoviteanu, Walker (b100) 1999; 20 Brown, Jorgenson, Douglas, Romanovsky, Kielland, Hiemstra, Euskirchen, Ruess (b20) 2015; 120 Hollingsworth, Breen, Hewitt, Mack (b59) 2021; 53 Ahmed, Anchukaitis, Asrat, Borgaonkar, Braida, Buckley, Büntgen, Chase, Christie, Cook, Curran, Diaz, Esper, Fan, Gaire, Ge, Gergis, González-Rouco, Goosse, Grab, Graham, Graham, Grosjean, Hanhijärvi, Kaufman, Kiefer, Kimura, Korhola, Krusic, Lara, Lézine, Ljungqvist, Lorrey, Luterbacher, Masson-Delmotte, McCarroll, McConnell, McKay, Morales, Moy, Mulvaney, Mundo, Nakatsuka, Nash, Neukom, Nicholson, Oerter, Palmer, Phipps, Prieto, Rivera, Sano, Severi, Shanahan, Shao, Shi, Sigl, Smerdon, Solomina, Steig, Stenni, Thamban, Trouet, Turney, Umer, van Ommen, Verschuren, Viau, Villalba, Vinther, von Gunten, Wagner, Wahl, Wanner, Werner, White, Yasue, Zorita, PAGES 2k Consortium (b4) 2013; 6 Bruelheide, Dengler, Purschke, Lenoir, Jiménez-Alfaro, Hennekens, Botta-Dukát, Chytrý, Field, Jansen, Kattge, Paradis (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b110) 2016; 11 Cornelissen (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b30) 2001; 89 Happonen (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b53) 2022; 110 Myers-Smith (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b101) 2011; 6 Smith (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b130) 2022; 3 Schrader (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b124) 1904 Ackerman (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b2) 2018; 13 Hu (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b61) 2010; 115 Walker (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b150) 1994; 5 Blok (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b17) 2011; 14 Adams (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b3) 2022; 25 Overpeck (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b108) 1997; 278 Schuur (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b125) 2013; 119 Heim (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b56) 2021; 760 USDA, NRCS (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b144) 2020 Rettelbach (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b118) 2021; 13 Strauss (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b132) 2022 Masrur (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b95) 2018; 13 Mann (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b94) 2002; 21 Billings (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b14) 2020; 13 Hinzman (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b58) 2013; 23 Jandt (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b64) 2008; 40 Liljedahl (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b87) 2007; 112 Liljedahl (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b86) 2016; 9 Jones (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b72) 2009; 41 Detterman (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b33) 1963 Robinson (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b119) 1958 Jandt (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b65) 2021 Shur (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b127) 2005; 16 Walker (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b149) 2018 Jorgenson (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b78) 2005; 35 Racine (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b112) 1981; 34 Kemppinen (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b83) 2021; 5 Wein (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b153) 1973; 54 Bret-Harte (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b19) 2013; 368 Mackay (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b92) 1995; 27 Reed (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b117) 1958 Jin (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b68) 2021; 12 Kittel (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b84) 2011; 11 Michaelides (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b98) 2019; 14 Curasi (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b31) 2016; 11 Brown (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b20) 2015; 120 Higuera (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b57) 2011; 21 Serreze (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b126) 2011; 77 Gryc (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b48) 1985 Racine (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b115) 1987; 19 Mack (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b91) 2011; 475 Thomas (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b141) 2019; 28 Chen (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b25) 2021; 27 Nitze (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b103) 2018; 9 Biskaborn (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b15) 2019; 10 Spetzman (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b131) 1959 Jorgenson (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b77) 2015; 120 Masrur (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b96) 2022; 127 Gaglioti (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b45) 2021; 126 O’Donnell (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b104) 2009; 174 Gryc (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b49) 1988 Shur (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b128) 2007; 18 Sturm (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b135) 2005; 55 Frost (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b44) 2018; 21 Hu (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b60) 2015; 13 Smith (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b129) 1930 Rocha (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b120) 2012; 7 Duffy (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b36) 2005; 15 Hugelius (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b62) 2014; 11 Ackerman (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b1) 2017; 23 French (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b42) 2015; 24 Yoshikawa (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b155) 2002; 107 Rantanen (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b116) 2022; 3 Walker (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b147) 2000; 6 Cherry (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b27) 2014 Farquharson (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b38) 2016; 273 Chipman (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b28) 2015; 12 Maestre (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b93) 2009; 97 Anonymous (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b6) 2022 Ahmed (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b4) 2013; 6 Díaz (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b34) 2016; 529 Ballinger (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b7) 2023 Fetcher (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b39) 1984; 65 Clayton (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b29) 2021; 16 Loranty (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b90) 2014; 119 Walker (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b148) 2014 WRCC (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b154) 2021 Jorgenson (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b80) 2006; 33 von Oppen (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b146) 2021; 32 Box (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b18) 2019; 14 Foster (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b41) 2022; 17 Bruelheide (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b21) 2018; 2 Myers-Smith (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b102) 2013; 3 Miller (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b99) 2023; 6 Baughman (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b9) 2015; 120 Berner (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b10) 2018 Rocha (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b121) 2011; 17 Frost (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b43) 2018; 10 Chen (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b26) 2021; 4 Gough (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b46) 2000; 88 Andreu-Hayles (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b5) 2020; 15 Jones (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b70) 2013; 118 Chapin (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b22) 1979; 67 Pajunen (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b109) 2011; 22 Barney (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b8) 1973 He (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b54) 2013; 16 Jorgenson (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b74) 2010; 20 Racine (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b113) 2006 Descals (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b32) 2022; 378 Haag (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b50) 1974; 11 Mekonnen (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b97) 2021; 16 Forbes (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b40) 2010; 16 Johnson (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b69) 1983 Svoboda (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b137) 1987; 19 Muller (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b100) 1999; 20 Jiang (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b67) 2015; 120 Overland (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b107) 2017 Dormann (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b35) 2004; 10 Wang (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b151) 2017; 105 Chapin (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b23) 2000; 6 Heijmans (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b55) 2022; 3 Overland (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b106) 2019; 21 Potter (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b111) 2020; 31 Rowe (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b122) 1983 Sturm (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b134) 2001; 14 O’Donnell (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b105) 2009; 12 Liljedahl (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b88) 2020; 1 Jorgenson (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b79) 2010; 70 Racine (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b114) 1985; 38 Strauss (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b133) 2017; 172 Berner (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b11) 2018; 13 Swanson (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b138) 2015; 10 Hall (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b51) 1978 Jones (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b71) 2015; 5 Jorgenson (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b73) 2022; 17 Thomas (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b140) 2020; 11 Treat (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b142) 2018; 28 Chapin (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b24) 2005; 310 Kanevskiy (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b82) 2017; 297 Elmendorf (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b37) 2012; 2 Kropp (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b85) 2020; 16 Loranty (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b89) 2018; 15 Bertness (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b12) 1994; 9 Tape (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b139) 2006; 12 Saito (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b123) 2013; 23 Hollingsworth (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b59) 2021; 53 Jorgenson (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b75) 2022; 216 Billings (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b13) 1987; 19 Vaks (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b145) 2020; 577 Hall (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b52) 1978; 76 Bjorkman (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b16) 2018; 562 Wang (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b152) 2017; 44 Zhang (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b157) 1997; 8 Summers (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b136) 1921 Zhang (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b156) 1996; 28 Iwahana (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b63) 2016; 8 Jorgenson (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b76) 2015 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b143 Grime (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b47) 1977; 111 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b66 Kanevskiy (10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b81) 2011; 75 |
| References_xml | – volume: 70 start-page: 1219 year: 2010 end-page: 1236 ident: b79 article-title: Resilience and vulnerability of permafrost to climate change publication-title: Can. J. Forest Res. – volume: 16 start-page: 5 year: 2005 end-page: 17 ident: b127 article-title: The transient layer: Implications for geocryology and climate-change science publication-title: Permafrost Periglacial Processes – year: 2018 ident: b10 article-title: ABoVE: Gridded 30-m aboveground biomass, shrub dominance, North Slope, AK, 2007–2016 – volume: 9 start-page: 191 year: 1994 end-page: 193 ident: b12 article-title: Positive interactions in communities publication-title: Trends Ecol. Evol. – volume: 11 start-page: 249 year: 2011 end-page: 264 ident: b84 article-title: Climate vulnerability of ecosystems and landscapes on Alaska’s North Slope publication-title: Reg. Environ. Change – volume: 24 start-page: 1045 year: 2015 end-page: 1061 ident: b42 article-title: Fire in arctic tundra of Alaska: Past fire activity, future fire potential, and significance for land management and ecology publication-title: Int. J. Wildland Fire – start-page: 37 year: 2006 ident: b113 article-title: Long-term Monitoring of Vegetation Change Following Tundra Fires in Noatak National Preserve, Alaska – volume: 13 year: 2018 ident: b2 article-title: Uniform shrub growth response to June temperature across the North Slope of Alaska publication-title: Environ. Res. Lett. – start-page: 223 year: 1963 end-page: 320 ident: b33 article-title: Geology of the Chandler River Region, Alaska. Exploration of Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4 and Adjacent Areas, Northern Alaska, 1944-53. Part 3, Areal Geology – volume: 22 start-page: 837 year: 2011 end-page: 846 ident: b109 article-title: Impact of shrub canopies on understorey vegetation in western Eurasian tundra publication-title: J. Veg. Sci. – volume: 14 start-page: 336 year: 2001 end-page: 344 ident: b134 article-title: Snow-shrub interactions in arctic tundra: A hypothesis with climatic implications publication-title: J. Clim. – volume: 19 start-page: 357 year: 1987 end-page: 365 ident: b13 article-title: Constraints to plant growth, reproduction, and establishment in arctic environments publication-title: Arctic Alpine Res. – volume: 1 start-page: 50 year: 2020 ident: b88 article-title: Arctic riparian shrub expansion indicates a shift from streams gaining water to those that lose flow publication-title: Commun. Earth Environ. – volume: 97 start-page: 199 year: 2009 end-page: 205 ident: b93 article-title: Refining the stress-gradient hypothesis for competition and facilitation in plant communities publication-title: J. Ecol. – volume: 13 year: 2021 ident: b118 article-title: A quantitative graph-based approach to monitoring ice-wedge trough dynamics in polygonal permafrost landscapes publication-title: Remote Sens. – volume: 2 start-page: 1906 year: 2018 end-page: 1917 ident: b21 article-title: Global trait–environment relationships of plant communities publication-title: Nat. Ecol. Evol. – volume: 17 start-page: 2831 year: 2011 end-page: 2841 ident: b121 article-title: Postfire energy exchange in arctic tundra: The importance and climatic implications of burn severity publication-title: Global Change Biol. – volume: 14 start-page: 1055 year: 2011 end-page: 1065 ident: b17 article-title: The cooling capacity of mosses: Controls on water and energy fluxes in a Siberian Tundra site publication-title: Ecosystems – volume: 15 year: 2020 ident: b5 article-title: A narrow window of summer temperatures associated with shrub growth in Arctic Alaska publication-title: Environ. Res. Lett. – start-page: 61 year: 2014 end-page: 80 ident: b148 article-title: Glacial history and long-term ecology in the toolik lake region publication-title: Alaska’s Changing Arctic : Ecological Consequences for Tundra, Streams, and Lakes – volume: 2 start-page: 453 year: 2012 end-page: 457 ident: b37 article-title: Plot-scale evidence of tundra vegetation change and links to recent summer warming publication-title: Nature Clim. Change – volume: 41 start-page: 309 year: 2009 end-page: 316 ident: b72 article-title: Fire behavior, weather, and burn severity of the 2007 Anaktuvuk River tundra fire, North Slope, Alaska publication-title: Arctic Antarctic Alpine Res. – volume: 6 start-page: 19 year: 2000 end-page: 34 ident: b147 article-title: Hierarchical subdivisions of arctic tundra based on vegetation response to climate, parent material, and topography publication-title: Global Change Biol. – volume: 3 start-page: 10 year: 2022 end-page: 23 ident: b130 article-title: The changing thermal state of permafrost publication-title: Nature Rev. Earth Environ. – volume: 105 start-page: 947 year: 2017 end-page: 957 ident: b151 article-title: Above- and below-ground responses of four tundra plant functional types to deep soil heating and surface soil fertilization publication-title: J. Ecol. – volume: 9 start-page: 312 year: 2016 ident: b86 article-title: Pan-Arctic ice-wedge degradation in warming permafrost and its influence on tundra hydrology publication-title: Nat. Geosci. – volume: 16 year: 2021 ident: b29 article-title: Active layer thickness as a function of soil water content publication-title: Environ. Res. Lett. – volume: 23 start-page: 4294 year: 2017 end-page: 4302 ident: b1 article-title: Arctic shrub growth trajectories differ across soil moisture levels publication-title: Global Change Biol. – volume: 5 start-page: 15865 year: 2015 ident: b71 article-title: Recent Arctic tundra fire initiates widespread thermokarst development publication-title: Sci. Rep. – volume: 18 start-page: 7 year: 2007 end-page: 19 ident: b128 article-title: Patterns of permafrost formation and degradation in relation to climate and ecosystems publication-title: Permafrost Periglacial Processes – volume: 13 year: 2018 ident: b95 article-title: Circumpolar spatio-temporal patterns and contributing climatic factors of wildfire activity in the Arctic tundra from 2001–2015 publication-title: Environ. Res. Lett. – volume: 28 start-page: 509 year: 1996 end-page: 518 ident: b156 article-title: Some characteristics of the climate in Northern Alaska, U.S.A. publication-title: Arctic Alpine Res. – volume: 5 start-page: 458 year: 2021 end-page: 467 ident: b83 article-title: Consistent trait–environment relationships within and across tundra plant communities publication-title: Nat. Ecol. Evol. – volume: 40 start-page: 89 year: 2008 end-page: 95 ident: b64 article-title: Slow recovery of lichen on burned caribou winter range in Alaska tundra: Potential influences of climate warming and other disturbance factors publication-title: Arctic Antarctic Alpine Res. – volume: 10 start-page: 264 year: 2019 ident: b15 article-title: Permafrost is warming at a global scale publication-title: Nature Commun. – start-page: 543 year: 1983 end-page: 547 ident: b69 article-title: Recovery and Active Layer Changes Following a Tundra Fire in Northwestern Alaska – year: 2020 ident: b144 article-title: The PLANTS Database – volume: 378 start-page: 532 year: 2022 end-page: 537 ident: b32 article-title: Unprecedented fire activity above the Arctic Circle linked to rising temperatures publication-title: Science – volume: 23 start-page: 1778 year: 2013 end-page: 1797 ident: b123 article-title: Influence of the physical terrestrial Arctic in the eco-climate system publication-title: Ecol. Appl. – volume: 127 year: 2022 ident: b96 article-title: Topography, climate and fire history regulate wildfire activity in the Alaskan Tundra publication-title: J. Geophys. Res.: Biogeosci. – start-page: 351 year: 1930 ident: b129 article-title: Geology and Mineral Resources of Northwestern Alaska – volume: 76 start-page: 1 year: 1978 end-page: 68 ident: b52 article-title: The 1977 tundra fire in the Kokolik River area of Alaska publication-title: Arctic – volume: 174 year: 2009 ident: b104 article-title: The effect of moisture content on the thermal conductivity of moss and organic soil horizons from black spruce ecosystems in Interior Alaska publication-title: Soil Sci. – volume: 120 start-page: 1619 year: 2015 end-page: 1637 ident: b20 article-title: Interactive effects of wildfire and climate on permafrost degradation in Alaskan lowland forests publication-title: J. Geophys. Res.: Biogeosci. – start-page: 11 year: 1978 ident: b51 article-title: The 1977 Tundra Fire at Kokolik River, Alaska – volume: 20 start-page: 2921 year: 1999 end-page: 2946 ident: b100 article-title: Landsat MSS-derived land-cover map of northern Alaska: Extrapolation methods and a comparison with photo-interpreted and AVHRR-derived maps publication-title: Int. J. Remote Sens. – volume: 475 start-page: 489 year: 2011 end-page: 492 ident: b91 article-title: Carbon loss from an unprecedented Arctic tundra wildfire publication-title: Nature – volume: 16 year: 2021 ident: b97 article-title: Arctic tundra shrubification: A review of mechanisms and impacts on ecosystem carbon balance publication-title: Environ. Res. Lett. – volume: 55 start-page: 17 year: 2005 end-page: 26 ident: b135 article-title: Winter biological processes could help convert Arctic Tundra to Shrubland publication-title: BioScience – start-page: 46 year: 2015 ident: b76 article-title: Permafrost Database Development, Characterization, and Mapping for Northern Alaska – volume: 368 year: 2013 ident: b19 article-title: The response of Arctic vegetation and soils following an unusually severe tundra fire publication-title: Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B – start-page: 21 year: 2014 end-page: 60 ident: b27 article-title: Climate and hydrometeorology of the toolik lake region and the Kuparuk River Basin: Past, present, and future publication-title: Alaska’s Changing Arctic : Ecological Consequences for Tundra, Streams, and Lakes – reference: Urban, F.E., Clow, G.D., 2018. DOI/GTN-P climate and active-layer data acquired in the National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska and the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, 1998–2019. Report 1092, Reston, VA, URL:. – volume: 11 year: 2016 ident: b31 article-title: Water track distribution and effects on carbon dioxide flux in an eastern Siberian upland tundra landscape publication-title: Environ. Res. Lett. – volume: 3 start-page: 68 year: 2022 end-page: 84 ident: b55 article-title: Tundra vegetation change and impacts on permafrost publication-title: Nat. Rev. Earth Environ. – volume: 23 start-page: 1837 year: 2013 end-page: 1868 ident: b58 article-title: Trajectory of the Arctic as an integrated system publication-title: Ecol. Appl. – volume: 14 year: 2019 ident: b98 article-title: Inference of the impact of wildfire on permafrost and active layer thickness in a discontinuous permafrost region using the remotely sensed active layer thickness (ReSALT) algorithm publication-title: Environ. Res. Lett. – volume: 21 start-page: 6 year: 2019 end-page: 13 ident: b106 article-title: The urgency of Arctic change publication-title: Polar Sci. – volume: 10 year: 2015 ident: b138 article-title: Environmental limits of tall shrubs in Alaska’s Arctic National Parks publication-title: PLoS One – start-page: 46 year: 2021 ident: b65 article-title: Fire Effects 10 Years After the Anaktuvuk River Tundra Fires – volume: 12 start-page: 29 year: 2021 end-page: 47 ident: b68 article-title: Impacts of climate-induced permafrost degradation on vegetation: A review publication-title: Adv. Clim. Change Res. – start-page: 58 year: 1959 ident: b131 article-title: Vegetation of the Arctic Slope of Alaska – volume: 44 start-page: 9029 year: 2017 end-page: 9038 ident: b152 article-title: Continuously amplified warming in the Alaskan Arctic: Implications for estimating global warming hiatus publication-title: Geophys. Res. Lett. – year: 2021 ident: b154 article-title: Station Wind Rose Climatology, Umiat Airfield Alaska, Western Regional Climate Center – volume: 21 start-page: 997 year: 2002 end-page: 1021 ident: b94 article-title: Responses of an arctic landscape to Lateglacial and early Holocene climatic changes: The importance of moisture publication-title: Quat. Sci. Rev. – volume: 15 start-page: 5287 year: 2018 end-page: 5313 ident: b89 article-title: Reviews and syntheses: Changing ecosystem influences on soil thermal regimes in northern high-latitude permafrost regions publication-title: Biogeosciences – volume: 310 start-page: 657 year: 2005 end-page: 660 ident: b24 article-title: Role of land-surface changes in arctic summer warming publication-title: Science – volume: 760 year: 2021 ident: b56 article-title: Post-fire vegetation succession in the Siberian subarctic tundra over 45 years publication-title: Sci. Total Environ. – volume: 120 start-page: 363 year: 2015 end-page: 378 ident: b67 article-title: Contrasting soil thermal responses to fire in Alaskan tundra and boreal forest publication-title: J. Geophys. Res.: Earth Surf. – volume: 126 year: 2021 ident: b45 article-title: Tussocks enduring or shrubs greening: Alternate responses to changing fire regimes in the Noatak River Valley, Alaska publication-title: J. Geophys. Res.: Biogeosci. – volume: 65 start-page: 1332 year: 1984 end-page: 1333 ident: b39 article-title: Changes in arctic tussock tundra thirteen years after fire publication-title: Ecology – volume: 12 start-page: 57 year: 2009 end-page: 72 ident: b105 article-title: Interactive effects of fire, soil climate, and Moss on CO2 fluxes in black spruce ecosystems of interior Alaska publication-title: Ecosystems – volume: 7 year: 2012 ident: b120 article-title: The footprint of Alaskan tundra fires during the past half-century: Implications for surface properties and radiative forcing publication-title: Environ. Res. Lett. – volume: 11 start-page: 355 year: 1974 end-page: 374 ident: b50 article-title: Energy budget changes following surface disturbance to upland tundra publication-title: J. Appl. Ecol. – volume: 77 start-page: 85 year: 2011 end-page: 96 ident: b126 article-title: Processes and impacts of Arctic amplification: A research synthesis publication-title: Glob. Planet. Change – volume: 8 start-page: 45 year: 1997 end-page: 67 ident: b157 article-title: Effects of climate on the active layer and permafrost on the North Slope of Alaska, U.S.A. publication-title: Permafrost Periglacial Processes – volume: 89 start-page: 984 year: 2001 end-page: 994 ident: b30 article-title: Global change and arctic ecosystems: Is lichen decline a function of increases in vascular plant biomass? publication-title: J. Ecol. – volume: 3 start-page: 3683 year: 2013 end-page: 3700 ident: b102 article-title: Shrub canopies influence soil temperatures but not nutrient dynamics: An experimental test of tundra snow–shrub interactions publication-title: Ecol. Evol. – volume: 53 start-page: 93 year: 2021 end-page: 109 ident: b59 article-title: Does fire always accelerate shrub expansion in Arctic tundra? Examining a novel grass-dominated successional trajectory on the Seward Peninsula publication-title: Arctic Antarctic Alpine Res. – volume: 115 year: 2010 ident: b61 article-title: Tundra burning in Alaska: Linkages to climatic change and sea ice retreat publication-title: J. Geophys. Res.: Biogeosci. – volume: 297 start-page: 20 year: 2017 end-page: 42 ident: b82 article-title: Degradation and stabilization of ice wedges: Implications for assessing risk of thermokarst in northern Alaska publication-title: Geomorphology – volume: 273 start-page: 116 year: 2016 end-page: 133 ident: b38 article-title: Spatial distribution of thermokarst terrain in Arctic Alaska publication-title: Geomorphology – year: 1985 ident: b48 article-title: The National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska Earth Science Considerations – volume: 16 start-page: 695 year: 2013 end-page: 706 ident: b54 article-title: Global shifts towards positive species interactions with increasing environmental stress publication-title: Ecol. Lett. – volume: 120 start-page: 2280 year: 2015 end-page: 2297 ident: b77 article-title: Role of ground ice dynamics and ecological feedbacks in recent ice wedge degradation and stabilization publication-title: J. Geophys. Res.: Earth Surf. – year: 1988 ident: b49 article-title: Geology and exploration of the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska, 1974 to 1982 – volume: 27 start-page: 323 year: 1995 end-page: 336 ident: b92 article-title: Active layer changes (1968 to 1993) following the forest-Tundra fire near Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada publication-title: Arctic Alpine Res. – volume: 67 start-page: 169 year: 1979 end-page: 189 ident: b22 article-title: Soil temperature and nutrient cycling in the tussock growth form of Eriophorum vaginatum publication-title: J. Ecol. – volume: 21 start-page: 3211 year: 2011 end-page: 3226 ident: b57 article-title: Variability of tundra fire regimes in Arctic Alaska: Millennial-scale patterns and ecological implications publication-title: Ecol. Appl. – volume: 216 year: 2022 ident: b75 article-title: Rapid transformation of tundra ecosystems from ice-wedge degradation publication-title: Glob. Planet. Change – volume: 13 start-page: 369 year: 2015 end-page: 377 ident: b60 article-title: Arctic tundra fires: Natural variability and responses to climate change publication-title: Front. Ecol. Environ. – volume: 31 start-page: 553 year: 2020 end-page: 563 ident: b111 article-title: Wildfire effects on permafrost and soil moisture in spruce forests of Interior Alaska publication-title: J. Forest. Res. – volume: 10 year: 2018 ident: b43 article-title: Regional patterns and asynchronous onset of ice-wedge degradation since the mid-20th century in Arctic Alaska publication-title: Remote Sens. – volume: 120 start-page: 1150 year: 2015 end-page: 1164 ident: b9 article-title: Soil surface organic layers in Arctic Alaska: Spatial distribution, rates of formation, and microclimatic effects publication-title: J. Geophys. Res.: Biogeosci. – volume: 529 start-page: 167 year: 2016 end-page: 171 ident: b34 article-title: The global spectrum of plant form and function publication-title: Nature – volume: 27 start-page: 652 year: 2021 end-page: 663 ident: b25 article-title: Divergent shrub-cover responses driven by climate, wildfire, and permafrost interactions in Arctic tundra ecosystems publication-title: Global Change Biol. – volume: 33 start-page: 4 year: 2006 ident: b80 article-title: Abrupt increase in permafrost degradation in Arctic Alaska publication-title: Geophys. Res. Lett. – volume: 25 start-page: 202 year: 2022 end-page: 217 ident: b3 article-title: A case for associational resistance: Apparent support for the stress gradient hypothesis varies with study system publication-title: Ecol. Lett. – reference: Jandt, R.R., Miller, E.A., Yokel, D.A., Bret-Harte, M.S., Kolden, C.A., Mack, M.C., 2012. Findings of Anaktuvuk River Fire recovery study 2007–2011. Unpublished Report to the Bureau of Land Management, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA, p. 39. – start-page: 264 year: 1958 ident: b119 article-title: Test Wells, Gubik Area, Alaska – year: 2017 ident: b107 article-title: Surface Air Temperature publication-title: Arctic Report Card 2016 – volume: 562 start-page: 57 year: 2018 end-page: 62 ident: b16 article-title: Plant functional trait change across a warming tundra biome publication-title: Nature – volume: 34 start-page: 71 year: 1981 end-page: 84 ident: b112 article-title: Tundra fire effects on soils and three plant communities along a hill-slope gradient in the Seward Peninsula, Alaska publication-title: Arctic – volume: 11 start-page: 1351 year: 2020 ident: b140 article-title: Global plant trait relationships extend to the climatic extremes of the tundra biome publication-title: Nature Commun. – start-page: 8 year: 1973 ident: b8 article-title: Wildfires and Thunderstorms on Alaska’s North slopes – volume: 16 year: 2020 ident: b85 article-title: Shallow soils are warmer under trees and tall shrubs across Arctic and Boreal ecosystems publication-title: Environ. Res. Lett. – volume: 19 start-page: 461 year: 1987 end-page: 469 ident: b115 article-title: Patterns of vegetation recovery after tundra fires in Northwestern Alaska, U.S.A. publication-title: Arctic Alpine Res. – volume: 12 start-page: 4017 year: 2015 end-page: 4027 ident: b28 article-title: Spatiotemporal patterns of tundra fires: Late-Quaternary charcoal records from Alaska publication-title: Biogeosciences – year: 2022 ident: b6 article-title: Geophysical institute permafrost laboratory – start-page: 1 year: 2023 end-page: 41 ident: b7 article-title: Alaska terrestrial and marine climate trends, 1957–2021 publication-title: J. Clim. – volume: 8 start-page: 1 year: 2016 end-page: 18 ident: b63 article-title: InSAR detection and field evidence for thermokarst after a tundra wildfire, using ALOS-PALSAR publication-title: Remote Sens. – year: 1958 ident: b117 article-title: Exploration of Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4 and adjacent areas Northern Alaska, 1944-53. Part 1, History of the exploration – volume: 112 year: 2007 ident: b87 article-title: Physical short-term changes after a tussock tundra fire, Seward Peninsula, Alaska publication-title: J. Geophys. Res.: Earth Surf. – volume: 32 year: 2021 ident: b146 article-title: Annual air temperature variability and biotic interactions explain tundra shrub species abundance publication-title: J. Veg. Sci. – volume: 88 start-page: 54 year: 2000 end-page: 66 ident: b46 article-title: Vascular plant species richness in Alaskan arctic tundra: The importance of soil pH publication-title: J. Ecol. – volume: 11 year: 2016 ident: b110 article-title: Greater effect of increasing shrub height on winter versus summer soil temperature publication-title: Environ. Res. Lett. – volume: 6 start-page: 339 year: 2013 end-page: 346 ident: b4 article-title: Continental-scale temperature variability during the past two millennia publication-title: Nat. Geosci. – volume: 6 start-page: 211 year: 2000 end-page: 223 ident: b23 article-title: Arctic and boreal ecosystems of western North America as components of the climate system publication-title: Global Change Biol. – volume: 5 start-page: 843 year: 1994 end-page: 866 ident: b150 article-title: Plant communities of a tussock tundra landscape in the Brooks Range Foothills, Alaska publication-title: J. Veg. Sci. – volume: 13 year: 2018 ident: b11 article-title: Tundra plant above-ground biomass and shrub dominance mapped across the North Slope of Alaska publication-title: Environ. Res. Lett. – volume: 17 year: 2022 ident: b73 article-title: Drivers of historical and projected changes in diverse boreal ecosystems: Fires, thermokarst, riverine dynamics, and humans publication-title: Environ. Res. Lett. – volume: 278 start-page: 1251 year: 1997 end-page: 1256 ident: b108 article-title: Arctic environmental change of the last four centuries publication-title: Science – year: 1904 ident: b124 article-title: A Reconnaissance in Northern Alaska Across the Rocky Mountains, Along Koyukuk, John, Anaktuvuk, and Colville Rivers and the Arctic Coast to Cape Lisburne, in 1901 – volume: 75 start-page: 584 year: 2011 end-page: 596 ident: b81 article-title: Cryostratigraphy of late Pleistocene syngenetic permafrost (yedoma) in northern Alaska, Itkillik River exposure publication-title: Quaternary Res. – volume: 13 start-page: 527 year: 2020 end-page: 528 ident: b14 article-title: Earth’s soil harbours ancient carbon publication-title: Nat. Geosci. – volume: 28 start-page: 78 year: 2019 end-page: 95 ident: b141 article-title: Traditional plant functional groups explain variation in economic but not size-related traits across the tundra biome publication-title: Global Ecol. Biogeogr. – volume: 107 start-page: FFR 4 1 year: 2002 end-page: 14 ident: b155 article-title: Impacts of wildfire on the permafrost in the boreal forests of Interior Alaska publication-title: J. Geophys. Res. – volume: 16 start-page: 1542 year: 2010 end-page: 1554 ident: b40 article-title: Russian Arctic warming and ‘greening’ are closely tracked by tundra shrub willows publication-title: Global Change Biol. – volume: 110 start-page: 700 year: 2022 end-page: 716 ident: b53 article-title: Relationships between above-ground plant traits and carbon cycling in tundra plant communities publication-title: J. Ecol. – year: 1921 ident: b136 article-title: Climatological Data, Alaska Section – volume: 111 start-page: 1169 year: 1977 end-page: 1194 ident: b47 article-title: Evidence for the existence of three primary strategies in plants and its relevance to ecological and evolutionary theory publication-title: Amer. Nat. – volume: 119 start-page: 2144 year: 2014 end-page: 2154 ident: b90 article-title: Siberian tundra ecosystem vegetation and carbon stocks four decades after wildfire publication-title: J. Geophys. Res.: Biogeosci. – volume: 38 start-page: 194 year: 1985 end-page: 200 ident: b114 article-title: Tundra fire regimes in the Noatak River Watershed, Alaska: 1956-83 publication-title: Arctic – volume: 172 start-page: 75 year: 2017 end-page: 86 ident: b133 article-title: Deep Yedoma permafrost: A synthesis of depositional characteristics and carbon vulnerability publication-title: Earth-Sci. Rev. – volume: 17 year: 2022 ident: b41 article-title: Disturbances in North American boreal forest and Arctic tundra: Impacts, interactions, and responses publication-title: Environ. Res. Lett. – volume: 28 start-page: 998 year: 2018 end-page: 1010 ident: b142 article-title: Near-surface permafrost aggradation in Northern Hemisphere peatlands shows regional and global trends during the past 6000 years publication-title: Holocene – volume: 3 start-page: 168 year: 2022 ident: b116 article-title: The Arctic has warmed nearly four times faster than the globe since 1979 publication-title: Commun. Earth Environ. – volume: 12 start-page: 686 year: 2006 end-page: 702 ident: b139 article-title: The evidence for shrub expansion in Northern Alaska and the Pan-Arctic publication-title: Global Change Biol. – volume: 21 start-page: 507 year: 2018 end-page: 520 ident: b44 article-title: Seasonal and long-term changes to active-layer temperatures after tall shrubland expansion and succession in arctic tundra publication-title: Ecosystems – start-page: 135 year: 1983 end-page: 180 ident: b122 article-title: Concept of fire effects on plant individuals and species publication-title: The Role of Fire in Northern Circumpolar Ecosystems: Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment – volume: 15 start-page: 1317 year: 2005 end-page: 1330 ident: b36 article-title: Impacts of large-scale atmospheric–ocean variability on Alaskan fire season severity publication-title: Ecol. Appl. – volume: 6 year: 2011 ident: b101 article-title: Shrub expansion in tundra ecosystems: Dynamics, impacts and research priorities publication-title: Environ. Res. Lett. – year: 2018 ident: b149 article-title: Circumpolar Arctic Vegetation, Geobotanical, Physiographic Maps, 1982–2003 – volume: 11 start-page: 6573 year: 2014 end-page: 6593 ident: b62 article-title: Estimated stocks of circumpolar permafrost carbon with quantified uncertainty ranges and identified data gaps publication-title: Biogeosciences – volume: 10 start-page: 1587 year: 2004 end-page: 1598 ident: b35 article-title: Neighbour identity modifies effects of elevated temperature on plant performance in the High Arctic publication-title: Global Change Biol. – volume: 6 year: 2023 ident: b99 article-title: Unrecorded tundra fires of the Arctic Slope, Alaska USA publication-title: Fire – volume: 4 start-page: 1718 year: 2021 end-page: 1729 ident: b26 article-title: Thermokarst acceleration in arctic tundra driven by climate change and fire disturbance publication-title: One Earth – volume: 9 start-page: 5423 year: 2018 ident: b103 article-title: Remote sensing quantifies widespread abundance of permafrost region disturbances across the Arctic and Subarctic publication-title: Nature Commun. – year: 2022 ident: b132 article-title: Database of ice-rich Yedoma permafrost version 2 (IRYP v2) – volume: 19 start-page: 373 year: 1987 end-page: 384 ident: b137 article-title: Succession in Marginal Arctic Environments publication-title: Arctic Alpine Res. – volume: 54 start-page: 845 year: 1973 end-page: 852 ident: b153 article-title: Changes in Arctic Eriophorum Tussock communities following fire publication-title: Ecology – volume: 119 start-page: 359 year: 2013 end-page: 374 ident: b125 article-title: Expert assessment of vulnerability of permafrost carbon to climate change publication-title: Clim. Change – volume: 14 year: 2019 ident: b18 article-title: Key indicators of Arctic climate change: 1971–2017 publication-title: Environ. Res. Lett. – volume: 118 start-page: 1334 year: 2013 end-page: 1344 ident: b70 article-title: Identification of unrecognized tundra fire events on the north slope of Alaska publication-title: J. Geophys. Res.: Biogeosci. – volume: 577 start-page: 221 year: 2020 end-page: 225 ident: b145 article-title: Palaeoclimate evidence of vulnerable permafrost during times of low sea ice publication-title: Nature – volume: 20 start-page: 205 year: 2010 end-page: 221 ident: b74 article-title: Long-term recovery patterns of arctic tundra after winter seismic exploration publication-title: Ecol. Appl. – volume: 35 start-page: 2100 year: 2005 end-page: 2111 ident: b78 article-title: Response of boreal ecosystems to varying modes of permafrost degradation publication-title: Can. J. Forest Res. – start-page: 1 year: 2023 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b7 article-title: Alaska terrestrial and marine climate trends, 1957–2021 publication-title: J. Clim. – year: 1985 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b48 – start-page: 351 year: 1930 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b129 – volume: 13 issue: 4 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b2 article-title: Uniform shrub growth response to June temperature across the North Slope of Alaska publication-title: Environ. Res. Lett. doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/aab326 – start-page: 223 year: 1963 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b33 – volume: 23 start-page: 1837 issue: 8 year: 2013 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b58 article-title: Trajectory of the Arctic as an integrated system publication-title: Ecol. Appl. doi: 10.1890/11-1498.1 – volume: 11 start-page: 6573 issue: 23 year: 2014 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b62 article-title: Estimated stocks of circumpolar permafrost carbon with quantified uncertainty ranges and identified data gaps publication-title: Biogeosciences doi: 10.5194/bg-11-6573-2014 – volume: 14 start-page: 336 year: 2001 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b134 article-title: Snow-shrub interactions in arctic tundra: A hypothesis with climatic implications publication-title: J. Clim. doi: 10.1175/1520-0442(2001)014<0336:SSIIAT>2.0.CO;2 – volume: 120 start-page: 363 issue: 2 year: 2015 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b67 article-title: Contrasting soil thermal responses to fire in Alaskan tundra and boreal forest publication-title: J. Geophys. Res.: Earth Surf. doi: 10.1002/2014JF003180 – volume: 11 start-page: 355 issue: 1 year: 1974 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b50 article-title: Energy budget changes following surface disturbance to upland tundra publication-title: J. Appl. Ecol. doi: 10.2307/2402027 – volume: 31 start-page: 553 issue: 2 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b111 article-title: Wildfire effects on permafrost and soil moisture in spruce forests of Interior Alaska publication-title: J. Forest. Res. doi: 10.1007/s11676-018-0831-2 – volume: 27 start-page: 652 issue: 3 year: 2021 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b25 article-title: Divergent shrub-cover responses driven by climate, wildfire, and permafrost interactions in Arctic tundra ecosystems publication-title: Global Change Biol. doi: 10.1111/gcb.15451 – start-page: 264 year: 1958 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b119 – volume: 297 start-page: 20 year: 2017 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b82 article-title: Degradation and stabilization of ice wedges: Implications for assessing risk of thermokarst in northern Alaska publication-title: Geomorphology doi: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2017.09.001 – start-page: 135 year: 1983 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b122 article-title: Concept of fire effects on plant individuals and species – start-page: 21 year: 2014 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b27 article-title: Climate and hydrometeorology of the toolik lake region and the Kuparuk River Basin: Past, present, and future – start-page: 11 year: 1978 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b51 – volume: 70 start-page: 1219 issue: 7 year: 2010 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b79 article-title: Resilience and vulnerability of permafrost to climate change publication-title: Can. J. Forest Res. doi: 10.1139/X10-060 – year: 1958 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b117 – volume: 3 start-page: 168 issue: 1 year: 2022 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b116 article-title: The Arctic has warmed nearly four times faster than the globe since 1979 publication-title: Commun. Earth Environ. doi: 10.1038/s43247-022-00498-3 – volume: 15 issue: 10 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b5 article-title: A narrow window of summer temperatures associated with shrub growth in Arctic Alaska publication-title: Environ. Res. Lett. doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/ab897f – volume: 24 start-page: 1045 issue: 8 year: 2015 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b42 article-title: Fire in arctic tundra of Alaska: Past fire activity, future fire potential, and significance for land management and ecology publication-title: Int. J. Wildland Fire doi: 10.1071/WF14167 – volume: 5 start-page: 15865 year: 2015 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b71 article-title: Recent Arctic tundra fire initiates widespread thermokarst development publication-title: Sci. Rep. doi: 10.1038/srep15865 – volume: 77 start-page: 85 issue: 1 year: 2011 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b126 article-title: Processes and impacts of Arctic amplification: A research synthesis publication-title: Glob. Planet. Change doi: 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2011.03.004 – year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b149 – volume: 89 start-page: 984 issue: 6 year: 2001 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b30 article-title: Global change and arctic ecosystems: Is lichen decline a function of increases in vascular plant biomass? publication-title: J. Ecol. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2001.00625.x – volume: 97 start-page: 199 issue: 2 year: 2009 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b93 article-title: Refining the stress-gradient hypothesis for competition and facilitation in plant communities publication-title: J. Ecol. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2008.01476.x – volume: 120 start-page: 2280 issue: 11 year: 2015 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b77 article-title: Role of ground ice dynamics and ecological feedbacks in recent ice wedge degradation and stabilization publication-title: J. Geophys. Res.: Earth Surf. doi: 10.1002/2015JF003602 – volume: 119 start-page: 2144 issue: 11 year: 2014 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b90 article-title: Siberian tundra ecosystem vegetation and carbon stocks four decades after wildfire publication-title: J. Geophys. Res.: Biogeosci. doi: 10.1002/2014JG002730 – volume: 67 start-page: 169 issue: 1 year: 1979 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b22 article-title: Soil temperature and nutrient cycling in the tussock growth form of Eriophorum vaginatum publication-title: J. Ecol. doi: 10.2307/2259343 – volume: 126 issue: 4 year: 2021 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b45 article-title: Tussocks enduring or shrubs greening: Alternate responses to changing fire regimes in the Noatak River Valley, Alaska publication-title: J. Geophys. Res.: Biogeosci. – volume: 10 start-page: 1587 issue: 9 year: 2004 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b35 article-title: Neighbour identity modifies effects of elevated temperature on plant performance in the High Arctic publication-title: Global Change Biol. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00830.x – volume: 12 start-page: 686 issue: 4 year: 2006 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b139 article-title: The evidence for shrub expansion in Northern Alaska and the Pan-Arctic publication-title: Global Change Biol. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01128.x – volume: 10 start-page: 264 issue: 1 year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b15 article-title: Permafrost is warming at a global scale publication-title: Nature Commun. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-08240-4 – volume: 28 start-page: 78 issue: 2 year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b141 article-title: Traditional plant functional groups explain variation in economic but not size-related traits across the tundra biome publication-title: Global Ecol. Biogeogr. doi: 10.1111/geb.12783 – volume: 17 issue: 11 year: 2022 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b41 article-title: Disturbances in North American boreal forest and Arctic tundra: Impacts, interactions, and responses publication-title: Environ. Res. Lett. doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/ac98d7 – volume: 13 start-page: 527 issue: 8 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b14 article-title: Earth’s soil harbours ancient carbon publication-title: Nat. Geosci. doi: 10.1038/s41561-020-0614-1 – volume: 20 start-page: 205 issue: 1 year: 2010 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b74 article-title: Long-term recovery patterns of arctic tundra after winter seismic exploration publication-title: Ecol. Appl. doi: 10.1890/08-1856.1 – volume: 9 start-page: 312 year: 2016 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b86 article-title: Pan-Arctic ice-wedge degradation in warming permafrost and its influence on tundra hydrology publication-title: Nat. Geosci. doi: 10.1038/ngeo2674 – volume: 9 start-page: 191 issue: 5 year: 1994 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b12 article-title: Positive interactions in communities publication-title: Trends Ecol. Evol. doi: 10.1016/0169-5347(94)90088-4 – volume: 760 year: 2021 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b56 article-title: Post-fire vegetation succession in the Siberian subarctic tundra over 45 years publication-title: Sci. Total Environ. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143425 – volume: 33 start-page: 4 issue: 2 year: 2006 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b80 article-title: Abrupt increase in permafrost degradation in Arctic Alaska publication-title: Geophys. Res. Lett. doi: 10.1029/2005GL024960 – volume: 23 start-page: 4294 issue: 10 year: 2017 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b1 article-title: Arctic shrub growth trajectories differ across soil moisture levels publication-title: Global Change Biol. doi: 10.1111/gcb.13677 – volume: 368 issue: 1624 year: 2013 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b19 article-title: The response of Arctic vegetation and soils following an unusually severe tundra fire publication-title: Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B doi: 10.1098/rstb.2012.0490 – volume: 6 year: 2011 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b101 article-title: Shrub expansion in tundra ecosystems: Dynamics, impacts and research priorities publication-title: Environ. Res. Lett. doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/6/4/045509 – year: 1988 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b49 – volume: 16 start-page: 695 issue: 5 year: 2013 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b54 article-title: Global shifts towards positive species interactions with increasing environmental stress publication-title: Ecol. Lett. doi: 10.1111/ele.12080 – volume: 273 start-page: 116 year: 2016 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b38 article-title: Spatial distribution of thermokarst terrain in Arctic Alaska publication-title: Geomorphology doi: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.08.007 – volume: 21 start-page: 3211 issue: 8 year: 2011 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b57 article-title: Variability of tundra fire regimes in Arctic Alaska: Millennial-scale patterns and ecological implications publication-title: Ecol. Appl. doi: 10.1890/11-0387.1 – volume: 17 issue: 4 year: 2022 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b73 article-title: Drivers of historical and projected changes in diverse boreal ecosystems: Fires, thermokarst, riverine dynamics, and humans publication-title: Environ. Res. Lett. doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/ac5c0d – volume: 11 start-page: 1351 issue: 1 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b140 article-title: Global plant trait relationships extend to the climatic extremes of the tundra biome publication-title: Nature Commun. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-15014-4 – year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b144 – start-page: 543 year: 1983 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b69 – volume: 278 start-page: 1251 issue: 5341 year: 1997 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b108 article-title: Arctic environmental change of the last four centuries publication-title: Science doi: 10.1126/science.278.5341.1251 – volume: 44 start-page: 9029 issue: 17 year: 2017 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b152 article-title: Continuously amplified warming in the Alaskan Arctic: Implications for estimating global warming hiatus publication-title: Geophys. Res. Lett. doi: 10.1002/2017GL074232 – volume: 107 start-page: FFR 4 1 issue: D1 year: 2002 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b155 article-title: Impacts of wildfire on the permafrost in the boreal forests of Interior Alaska publication-title: J. Geophys. Res. – volume: 21 start-page: 997 issue: 8 year: 2002 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b94 article-title: Responses of an arctic landscape to Lateglacial and early Holocene climatic changes: The importance of moisture publication-title: Quat. Sci. Rev. doi: 10.1016/S0277-3791(01)00116-0 – volume: 16 start-page: 5 issue: 1 year: 2005 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b127 article-title: The transient layer: Implications for geocryology and climate-change science publication-title: Permafrost Periglacial Processes doi: 10.1002/ppp.518 – volume: 12 start-page: 4017 issue: 13 year: 2015 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b28 article-title: Spatiotemporal patterns of tundra fires: Late-Quaternary charcoal records from Alaska publication-title: Biogeosciences doi: 10.5194/bg-12-4017-2015 – volume: 10 issue: 8 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b43 article-title: Regional patterns and asynchronous onset of ice-wedge degradation since the mid-20th century in Arctic Alaska publication-title: Remote Sens. doi: 10.3390/rs10081312 – volume: 2 start-page: 1906 issue: 12 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b21 article-title: Global trait–environment relationships of plant communities publication-title: Nat. Ecol. Evol. doi: 10.1038/s41559-018-0699-8 – volume: 310 start-page: 657 issue: 5748 year: 2005 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b24 article-title: Role of land-surface changes in arctic summer warming publication-title: Science doi: 10.1126/science.1117368 – volume: 11 issue: 4 year: 2016 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b31 article-title: Water track distribution and effects on carbon dioxide flux in an eastern Siberian upland tundra landscape publication-title: Environ. Res. Lett. doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/11/4/045002 – volume: 32 issue: 2 year: 2021 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b146 article-title: Annual air temperature variability and biotic interactions explain tundra shrub species abundance publication-title: J. Veg. Sci. doi: 10.1111/jvs.13009 – volume: 40 start-page: 89 issue: 1 year: 2008 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b64 article-title: Slow recovery of lichen on burned caribou winter range in Alaska tundra: Potential influences of climate warming and other disturbance factors publication-title: Arctic Antarctic Alpine Res. doi: 10.1657/1523-0430(06-122)[JANDT]2.0.CO;2 – volume: 22 start-page: 837 issue: 5 year: 2011 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b109 article-title: Impact of shrub canopies on understorey vegetation in western Eurasian tundra publication-title: J. Veg. Sci. doi: 10.1111/j.1654-1103.2011.01285.x – volume: 65 start-page: 1332 issue: 4 year: 1984 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b39 article-title: Changes in arctic tussock tundra thirteen years after fire publication-title: Ecology doi: 10.2307/1938338 – volume: 120 start-page: 1619 issue: 8 year: 2015 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b20 article-title: Interactive effects of wildfire and climate on permafrost degradation in Alaskan lowland forests publication-title: J. Geophys. Res.: Biogeosci. doi: 10.1002/2015JG003033 – year: 1904 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b124 – volume: 110 start-page: 700 issue: 3 year: 2022 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b53 article-title: Relationships between above-ground plant traits and carbon cycling in tundra plant communities publication-title: J. Ecol. doi: 10.1111/1365-2745.13832 – volume: 41 start-page: 309 issue: 3 year: 2009 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b72 article-title: Fire behavior, weather, and burn severity of the 2007 Anaktuvuk River tundra fire, North Slope, Alaska publication-title: Arctic Antarctic Alpine Res. doi: 10.1657/1938-4246-41.3.309 – volume: 13 issue: 1 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b95 article-title: Circumpolar spatio-temporal patterns and contributing climatic factors of wildfire activity in the Arctic tundra from 2001–2015 publication-title: Environ. Res. Lett. doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/aa9a76 – volume: 562 start-page: 57 issue: 7725 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b16 article-title: Plant functional trait change across a warming tundra biome publication-title: Nature doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0563-7 – volume: 28 start-page: 998 issue: 6 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b142 article-title: Near-surface permafrost aggradation in Northern Hemisphere peatlands shows regional and global trends during the past 6000 years publication-title: Holocene doi: 10.1177/0959683617752858 – volume: 216 year: 2022 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b75 article-title: Rapid transformation of tundra ecosystems from ice-wedge degradation publication-title: Glob. Planet. Change doi: 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2022.103921 – volume: 12 start-page: 57 issue: 1 year: 2009 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b105 article-title: Interactive effects of fire, soil climate, and Moss on CO2 fluxes in black spruce ecosystems of interior Alaska publication-title: Ecosystems doi: 10.1007/s10021-008-9206-4 – volume: 115 issue: G04002 year: 2010 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b61 article-title: Tundra burning in Alaska: Linkages to climatic change and sea ice retreat publication-title: J. Geophys. Res.: Biogeosci. – volume: 20 start-page: 2921 issue: 15–16 year: 1999 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b100 article-title: Landsat MSS-derived land-cover map of northern Alaska: Extrapolation methods and a comparison with photo-interpreted and AVHRR-derived maps publication-title: Int. J. Remote Sens. doi: 10.1080/014311699211543 – volume: 3 start-page: 3683 issue: 11 year: 2013 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b102 article-title: Shrub canopies influence soil temperatures but not nutrient dynamics: An experimental test of tundra snow–shrub interactions publication-title: Ecol. Evol. doi: 10.1002/ece3.710 – volume: 2 start-page: 453 issue: 6 year: 2012 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b37 article-title: Plot-scale evidence of tundra vegetation change and links to recent summer warming publication-title: Nature Clim. Change doi: 10.1038/nclimate1465 – volume: 16 issue: 1 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b85 article-title: Shallow soils are warmer under trees and tall shrubs across Arctic and Boreal ecosystems publication-title: Environ. Res. Lett. doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/abc994 – volume: 15 start-page: 5287 issue: 17 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b89 article-title: Reviews and syntheses: Changing ecosystem influences on soil thermal regimes in northern high-latitude permafrost regions publication-title: Biogeosciences doi: 10.5194/bg-15-5287-2018 – volume: 34 start-page: 71 issue: 1 year: 1981 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b112 article-title: Tundra fire effects on soils and three plant communities along a hill-slope gradient in the Seward Peninsula, Alaska publication-title: Arctic doi: 10.14430/arctic2508 – volume: 4 start-page: 1718 issue: 12 year: 2021 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b26 article-title: Thermokarst acceleration in arctic tundra driven by climate change and fire disturbance publication-title: One Earth doi: 10.1016/j.oneear.2021.11.011 – volume: 577 start-page: 221 issue: 7789 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b145 article-title: Palaeoclimate evidence of vulnerable permafrost during times of low sea ice publication-title: Nature doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-1880-1 – volume: 21 start-page: 6 year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b106 article-title: The urgency of Arctic change publication-title: Polar Sci. doi: 10.1016/j.polar.2018.11.008 – volume: 3 start-page: 68 issue: 1 year: 2022 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b55 article-title: Tundra vegetation change and impacts on permafrost publication-title: Nat. Rev. Earth Environ. doi: 10.1038/s43017-021-00233-0 – volume: 53 start-page: 93 issue: 1 year: 2021 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b59 article-title: Does fire always accelerate shrub expansion in Arctic tundra? Examining a novel grass-dominated successional trajectory on the Seward Peninsula publication-title: Arctic Antarctic Alpine Res. doi: 10.1080/15230430.2021.1899562 – start-page: 8 year: 1973 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b8 – volume: 23 start-page: 1778 issue: 8 year: 2013 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b123 article-title: Influence of the physical terrestrial Arctic in the eco-climate system publication-title: Ecol. Appl. doi: 10.1890/11-1062.1 – volume: 21 start-page: 507 issue: 3 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b44 article-title: Seasonal and long-term changes to active-layer temperatures after tall shrubland expansion and succession in arctic tundra publication-title: Ecosystems doi: 10.1007/s10021-017-0165-5 – volume: 127 issue: 3 year: 2022 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b96 article-title: Topography, climate and fire history regulate wildfire activity in the Alaskan Tundra publication-title: J. Geophys. Res.: Biogeosci. – volume: 19 start-page: 357 issue: 4 year: 1987 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b13 article-title: Constraints to plant growth, reproduction, and establishment in arctic environments publication-title: Arctic Alpine Res. doi: 10.1080/00040851.1987.12002616 – volume: 38 start-page: 194 issue: 3 year: 1985 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b114 article-title: Tundra fire regimes in the Noatak River Watershed, Alaska: 1956-83 publication-title: Arctic doi: 10.14430/arctic2133 – volume: 5 start-page: 843 issue: 6 year: 1994 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b150 article-title: Plant communities of a tussock tundra landscape in the Brooks Range Foothills, Alaska publication-title: J. Veg. Sci. doi: 10.2307/3236198 – volume: 11 start-page: 249 issue: 1 year: 2011 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b84 article-title: Climate vulnerability of ecosystems and landscapes on Alaska’s North Slope publication-title: Reg. Environ. Change doi: 10.1007/s10113-010-0180-y – ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b66 – volume: 118 start-page: 1334 issue: 3 year: 2013 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b70 article-title: Identification of unrecognized tundra fire events on the north slope of Alaska publication-title: J. Geophys. Res.: Biogeosci. doi: 10.1002/jgrg.20113 – volume: 14 issue: 4 year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b18 article-title: Key indicators of Arctic climate change: 1971–2017 publication-title: Environ. Res. Lett. doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/aafc1b – volume: 12 start-page: 29 issue: 1 year: 2021 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b68 article-title: Impacts of climate-induced permafrost degradation on vegetation: A review publication-title: Adv. Clim. Change Res. doi: 10.1016/j.accre.2020.07.002 – volume: 18 start-page: 7 issue: 1 year: 2007 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b128 article-title: Patterns of permafrost formation and degradation in relation to climate and ecosystems publication-title: Permafrost Periglacial Processes doi: 10.1002/ppp.582 – volume: 27 start-page: 323 issue: 4 year: 1995 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b92 article-title: Active layer changes (1968 to 1993) following the forest-Tundra fire near Inuvik, N.W.T., Canada publication-title: Arctic Alpine Res. doi: 10.2307/1552025 – volume: 88 start-page: 54 issue: 1 year: 2000 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b46 article-title: Vascular plant species richness in Alaskan arctic tundra: The importance of soil pH publication-title: J. Ecol. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2745.2000.00426.x – volume: 76 start-page: 1 issue: 1 year: 1978 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b52 article-title: The 1977 tundra fire in the Kokolik River area of Alaska publication-title: Arctic – volume: 14 start-page: 1055 issue: 7 year: 2011 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b17 article-title: The cooling capacity of mosses: Controls on water and energy fluxes in a Siberian Tundra site publication-title: Ecosystems doi: 10.1007/s10021-011-9463-5 – volume: 1 start-page: 50 issue: 1 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b88 article-title: Arctic riparian shrub expansion indicates a shift from streams gaining water to those that lose flow publication-title: Commun. Earth Environ. doi: 10.1038/s43247-020-00050-1 – volume: 16 issue: 5 year: 2021 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b97 article-title: Arctic tundra shrubification: A review of mechanisms and impacts on ecosystem carbon balance publication-title: Environ. Res. Lett. doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/abf28b – volume: 14 issue: 3 year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b98 article-title: Inference of the impact of wildfire on permafrost and active layer thickness in a discontinuous permafrost region using the remotely sensed active layer thickness (ReSALT) algorithm publication-title: Environ. Res. Lett. doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/aaf932 – volume: 172 start-page: 75 year: 2017 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b133 article-title: Deep Yedoma permafrost: A synthesis of depositional characteristics and carbon vulnerability publication-title: Earth-Sci. Rev. doi: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2017.07.007 – volume: 19 start-page: 373 issue: 4 year: 1987 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b137 article-title: Succession in Marginal Arctic Environments publication-title: Arctic Alpine Res. doi: 10.1080/00040851.1987.12002618 – volume: 119 start-page: 359 issue: 2 year: 2013 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b125 article-title: Expert assessment of vulnerability of permafrost carbon to climate change publication-title: Clim. Change doi: 10.1007/s10584-013-0730-7 – volume: 13 issue: 3 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b11 article-title: Tundra plant above-ground biomass and shrub dominance mapped across the North Slope of Alaska publication-title: Environ. Res. Lett. doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/aaaa9a – year: 2022 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b6 – start-page: 37 year: 2006 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b113 – start-page: 58 year: 1959 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b131 – start-page: 61 year: 2014 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b148 article-title: Glacial history and long-term ecology in the toolik lake region – volume: 6 issue: 3 year: 2023 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b99 article-title: Unrecorded tundra fires of the Arctic Slope, Alaska USA publication-title: Fire doi: 10.3390/fire6030101 – volume: 28 start-page: 509 issue: 4 year: 1996 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b156 article-title: Some characteristics of the climate in Northern Alaska, U.S.A. publication-title: Arctic Alpine Res. doi: 10.1080/00040851.1996.12003204 – volume: 378 start-page: 532 issue: 6619 year: 2022 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b32 article-title: Unprecedented fire activity above the Arctic Circle linked to rising temperatures publication-title: Science doi: 10.1126/science.abn9768 – volume: 55 start-page: 17 issue: 1 year: 2005 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b135 article-title: Winter biological processes could help convert Arctic Tundra to Shrubland publication-title: BioScience doi: 10.1641/0006-3568(2005)055[0017:WBPCHC]2.0.CO;2 – year: 2022 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b132 – year: 2021 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b154 – volume: 25 start-page: 202 issue: 1 year: 2022 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b3 article-title: A case for associational resistance: Apparent support for the stress gradient hypothesis varies with study system publication-title: Ecol. Lett. doi: 10.1111/ele.13917 – volume: 5 start-page: 458 issue: 4 year: 2021 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b83 article-title: Consistent trait–environment relationships within and across tundra plant communities publication-title: Nat. Ecol. Evol. doi: 10.1038/s41559-021-01396-1 – volume: 6 start-page: 19 year: 2000 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b147 article-title: Hierarchical subdivisions of arctic tundra based on vegetation response to climate, parent material, and topography publication-title: Global Change Biol. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2486.2000.06010.x – volume: 35 start-page: 2100 issue: 9 year: 2005 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b78 article-title: Response of boreal ecosystems to varying modes of permafrost degradation publication-title: Can. J. Forest Res. doi: 10.1139/x05-153 – volume: 13 start-page: 369 issue: 7 year: 2015 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b60 article-title: Arctic tundra fires: Natural variability and responses to climate change publication-title: Front. Ecol. Environ. doi: 10.1890/150063 – volume: 10 issue: 9 year: 2015 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b138 article-title: Environmental limits of tall shrubs in Alaska’s Arctic National Parks publication-title: PLoS One doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138387 – volume: 529 start-page: 167 issue: 7585 year: 2016 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b34 article-title: The global spectrum of plant form and function publication-title: Nature doi: 10.1038/nature16489 – volume: 475 start-page: 489 issue: 7357 year: 2011 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b91 article-title: Carbon loss from an unprecedented Arctic tundra wildfire publication-title: Nature doi: 10.1038/nature10283 – volume: 13 issue: 16 year: 2021 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b118 article-title: A quantitative graph-based approach to monitoring ice-wedge trough dynamics in polygonal permafrost landscapes publication-title: Remote Sens. doi: 10.3390/rs13163098 – volume: 19 start-page: 461 issue: 4 year: 1987 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b115 article-title: Patterns of vegetation recovery after tundra fires in Northwestern Alaska, U.S.A. publication-title: Arctic Alpine Res. doi: 10.1080/00040851.1987.12002628 – volume: 17 start-page: 2831 issue: 9 year: 2011 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b121 article-title: Postfire energy exchange in arctic tundra: The importance and climatic implications of burn severity publication-title: Global Change Biol. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02441.x – volume: 54 start-page: 845 issue: 4 year: 1973 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b153 article-title: Changes in Arctic Eriophorum Tussock communities following fire publication-title: Ecology doi: 10.2307/1935679 – volume: 6 start-page: 339 issue: 5 year: 2013 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b4 article-title: Continental-scale temperature variability during the past two millennia publication-title: Nat. Geosci. doi: 10.1038/ngeo1797 – volume: 120 start-page: 1150 issue: 6 year: 2015 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b9 article-title: Soil surface organic layers in Arctic Alaska: Spatial distribution, rates of formation, and microclimatic effects publication-title: J. Geophys. Res.: Biogeosci. doi: 10.1002/2015JG002983 – start-page: 46 year: 2015 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b76 – volume: 174 issue: 12 year: 2009 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b104 article-title: The effect of moisture content on the thermal conductivity of moss and organic soil horizons from black spruce ecosystems in Interior Alaska publication-title: Soil Sci. – volume: 7 issue: 4 year: 2012 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b120 article-title: The footprint of Alaskan tundra fires during the past half-century: Implications for surface properties and radiative forcing publication-title: Environ. Res. Lett. doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/7/4/044039 – year: 2017 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b107 article-title: Surface Air Temperature – year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b10 – volume: 112 issue: F2 year: 2007 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b87 article-title: Physical short-term changes after a tussock tundra fire, Seward Peninsula, Alaska publication-title: J. Geophys. Res.: Earth Surf. – volume: 16 start-page: 1542 issue: 5 year: 2010 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b40 article-title: Russian Arctic warming and ‘greening’ are closely tracked by tundra shrub willows publication-title: Global Change Biol. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02047.x – volume: 9 start-page: 5423 issue: 1 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b103 article-title: Remote sensing quantifies widespread abundance of permafrost region disturbances across the Arctic and Subarctic publication-title: Nature Commun. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-07663-3 – year: 1921 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b136 – volume: 75 start-page: 584 issue: 3 year: 2011 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b81 article-title: Cryostratigraphy of late Pleistocene syngenetic permafrost (yedoma) in northern Alaska, Itkillik River exposure publication-title: Quaternary Res. doi: 10.1016/j.yqres.2010.12.003 – volume: 6 start-page: 211 issue: Suppl. 1 year: 2000 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b23 article-title: Arctic and boreal ecosystems of western North America as components of the climate system publication-title: Global Change Biol. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2486.2000.06022.x – volume: 11 issue: 8 year: 2016 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b110 article-title: Greater effect of increasing shrub height on winter versus summer soil temperature publication-title: Environ. Res. Lett. doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/11/8/085005 – volume: 15 start-page: 1317 issue: 4 year: 2005 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b36 article-title: Impacts of large-scale atmospheric–ocean variability on Alaskan fire season severity publication-title: Ecol. Appl. doi: 10.1890/04-0739 – volume: 111 start-page: 1169 issue: 982 year: 1977 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b47 article-title: Evidence for the existence of three primary strategies in plants and its relevance to ecological and evolutionary theory publication-title: Amer. Nat. doi: 10.1086/283244 – ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b143 doi: 10.3133/ds1092 – volume: 8 start-page: 45 issue: 1 year: 1997 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b157 article-title: Effects of climate on the active layer and permafrost on the North Slope of Alaska, U.S.A. publication-title: Permafrost Periglacial Processes doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1530(199701)8:1<45::AID-PPP240>3.0.CO;2-K – volume: 105 start-page: 947 issue: 4 year: 2017 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b151 article-title: Above- and below-ground responses of four tundra plant functional types to deep soil heating and surface soil fertilization publication-title: J. Ecol. doi: 10.1111/1365-2745.12718 – volume: 3 start-page: 10 issue: 1 year: 2022 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b130 article-title: The changing thermal state of permafrost publication-title: Nature Rev. Earth Environ. doi: 10.1038/s43017-021-00240-1 – volume: 16 issue: 5 year: 2021 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b29 article-title: Active layer thickness as a function of soil water content publication-title: Environ. Res. Lett. doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/abfa4c – volume: 8 start-page: 1 issue: 3 year: 2016 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b63 article-title: InSAR detection and field evidence for thermokarst after a tundra wildfire, using ALOS-PALSAR publication-title: Remote Sens. doi: 10.3390/rs8030218 – start-page: 46 year: 2021 ident: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984_b65 |
| SSID | ssj0064122 |
| Score | 2.319575 |
| Snippet | Our understanding of tundra fire effects in Northern Alaska is limited because fires have been relatively rare. We sampled a 70+ year-old burn visible in a... |
| SourceID | proquest crossref elsevier |
| SourceType | Aggregation Database Enrichment Source Index Database Publisher |
| StartPage | 100984 |
| SubjectTerms | Alaska botanical composition climate change cold tolerance Eriophorum grasses hydrology ice landscapes Permafrost plant communities soil species temperature Thermokarst tundra Tussock tundra Yedoma |
| Title | Biophysical effects of an old tundra fire in the Brooks Range Foothills of Northern Alaska, U.S.A |
| URI | https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polar.2023.100984 https://www.proquest.com/docview/3153593348 |
| Volume | 39 |
| WOSCitedRecordID | wos001208230900001&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| journalDatabaseRights | – providerCode: PRVESC databaseName: Elsevier SD Freedom Collection Journals 2021 customDbUrl: eissn: 1876-4428 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0064122 issn: 1873-9652 databaseCode: AIEXJ dateStart: 20210601 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.sciencedirect.com providerName: Elsevier – providerCode: PRVESC databaseName: Elsevier SD Freedom Collection Journals 2021 customDbUrl: eissn: 1876-4428 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0064122 issn: 1873-9652 databaseCode: AIEXJ dateStart: 20211201 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.sciencedirect.com providerName: Elsevier |
| link | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV1bb9MwFLZgQwIhIRggxk1GQrxkido4Nz9mUytAo5tGK_XNchJna1fc0Asa_55zEjstt2k8IFWRm9pN4vPl3O1DyNsow_AOL9xQ5tINEr90eQiGaxmpUoEpBgyyKTYRDwbJeMxPjU93WZcTiLVOrq549V9JDeeA2Lh09h_I3f4pnIA2EB2OQHY43ojwh5N5ZSd_K1sDS1DMCme11sVCOiVwOpviCJb4_HLpnOEyA6c_B9JNZs2eynVQB0ulpaBjX9Zq5sj77KXbGu0p2saOEaQt-doVhshnt_2l6_ML43M9kqjrO6m3SeIxZQMOlZ7KL3B3nza_SV3U4uLMww_6PXA9DrStK8N4Lvxgk7plmG0SM5dH4U_cmHGnwtQNngTuH1l8422YehU-nofV3033jUSzUfzBieiPjo_FsDcevqu-ulhrDGPypvDKbbLrxyEHXribfuiNP1oJHgXdOvrU3p_drarOC_ztun_TaH6R7bXCMnxIHhhLg6YNQh6RW0rvkbum6P3F9z1y_yRXUpuvj4ncAg41wKHzkkpNATi0AQ5F4NCJpoAL2gCH1sChLXBwjAUObYBzQGvYPCGjfm949N41BTjcHFj5yvVZpHJMzcjKjoJmlrMikx3ZyXIJmk2UdLtZ4gdlIcO4LKBrFjCWK8ZAjy7LWLGnZEcDdp4Rmqmu7EQZiPlYBkxFYPZLDupnLPMCrGq-T3w7iSI3u9NjkZSZsGmIU1HPvMCZF83M75ODdlDVbM5yfffIUkeY16LRGwVg6_qBbywtBXBfDKlJrebrpWCgMIQcV7M_v0GfF-Te5j14SXZWi7V6Re7k31aT5eK1QeEP1ASjHA |
| linkProvider | Elsevier |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Biophysical+effects+of+an+old+tundra+fire+in+the+Brooks+Range+Foothills+of+Northern+Alaska%2C+U.S.A&rft.jtitle=Polar+science&rft.au=Miller%2C+Eric+A&rft.au=Baughman%2C+Carson+A.&rft.au=Jones%2C+Benjamin+M.&rft.au=Jandt%2C+R.+R.+%28Randi+R.%29&rft.date=2024-03-01&rft.issn=1873-9652&rft.volume=39+p.100984-&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.polar.2023.100984&rft.externalDBID=NO_FULL_TEXT |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1873-9652&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1873-9652&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1873-9652&client=summon |