Biophysical effects of an old tundra fire in the Brooks Range Foothills of Northern Alaska, U.S.A

Our understanding of tundra fire effects in Northern Alaska is limited because fires have been relatively rare. We sampled a 70+ year-old burn visible in a 1948 aerial photograph for vegetation composition and structure, soil attributes, terrain rugosity, and thermokarst pit density. Between 1948 an...

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Vydané v:	Polar science Ročník 39; s. 100984
Hlavní autori:	Miller, Eric A., Baughman, Carson A., Jones, Benjamin M., Jandt, Randi R.
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	English
Vydavateľské údaje:	Elsevier B.V 01.03.2024
Predmet:	Alaska botanical composition climate change cold tolerance Eriophorum grasses hydrology ice landscapes Permafrost plant communities soil species temperature Thermokarst tundra Tussock tundra Yedoma Alaska Permafrost Thermokarst Tussock tundra Yedoma Eriophorum
ISSN:	1873-9652, 1876-4428
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Abstract	Our understanding of tundra fire effects in Northern Alaska is limited because fires have been relatively rare. We sampled a 70+ year-old burn visible in a 1948 aerial photograph for vegetation composition and structure, soil attributes, terrain rugosity, and thermokarst pit density. Between 1948 and 2017 the burn initially became wetter as ice wedges melted but then drained and dried as the troughs became hydrologically connected. The reference tundra has become wetter over the last few decades and appears to be lagging through a similar sequence. The burn averaged 2.5 °C warmer than the reference tundra at 30 cm depth. Thinning of organic soil following fire appears to dramatically accelerate the background degradation of ground-ice features in response to climate change and promotes a plant community that is distinct in terms of taxa and structure, dominated by tall willows and other competitive, rather than cold-tolerant, species. The cover of sedges and mosses is low while that of willows and grass is high relative to the reference tundra. The changes in plant community composition and structure, increasing ground temperature, and thermokarst lead us to expect the observed biophysical changes to the tundra will persist centuries into the future. •An old tundra burn was found in a 1948 aerial photograph in northern Alaska.•Fire resulted in melted ground-ice, thermokarst, and conspicuously tall willows.•The adjacent unburned tundra also shows signs of thermokarst related to climate change.•There was a shift from cold-tolerant to competitive plants within the burn.•Ground temperature continues to warm relative to the unburned tundra.
AbstractList	Our understanding of tundra fire effects in Northern Alaska is limited because fires have been relatively rare. We sampled a 70+ year-old burn visible in a 1948 aerial photograph for vegetation composition and structure, soil attributes, terrain rugosity, and thermokarst pit density. Between 1948 and 2017 the burn initially became wetter as ice wedges melted but then drained and dried as the troughs became hydrologically connected. The reference tundra has become wetter over the last few decades and appears to be lagging through a similar sequence. The burn averaged 2.5 °C warmer than the reference tundra at 30 cm depth. Thinning of organic soil following fire appears to dramatically accelerate the background degradation of ground-ice features in response to climate change and promotes a plant community that is distinct in terms of taxa and structure, dominated by tall willows and other competitive, rather than cold-tolerant, species. The cover of sedges and mosses is low while that of willows and grass is high relative to the reference tundra. The changes in plant community composition and structure, increasing ground temperature, and thermokarst lead us to expect the observed biophysical changes to the tundra will persist centuries into the future. Our understanding of tundra fire effects in Northern Alaska is limited because fires have been relatively rare. We sampled a 70+ year-old burn visible in a 1948 aerial photograph for vegetation composition and structure, soil attributes, terrain rugosity, and thermokarst pit density. Between 1948 and 2017 the burn initially became wetter as ice wedges melted but then drained and dried as the troughs became hydrologically connected. The reference tundra has become wetter over the last few decades and appears to be lagging through a similar sequence. The burn averaged 2.5 °C warmer than the reference tundra at 30 cm depth. Thinning of organic soil following fire appears to dramatically accelerate the background degradation of ground-ice features in response to climate change and promotes a plant community that is distinct in terms of taxa and structure, dominated by tall willows and other competitive, rather than cold-tolerant, species. The cover of sedges and mosses is low while that of willows and grass is high relative to the reference tundra. The changes in plant community composition and structure, increasing ground temperature, and thermokarst lead us to expect the observed biophysical changes to the tundra will persist centuries into the future. •An old tundra burn was found in a 1948 aerial photograph in northern Alaska.•Fire resulted in melted ground-ice, thermokarst, and conspicuously tall willows.•The adjacent unburned tundra also shows signs of thermokarst related to climate change.•There was a shift from cold-tolerant to competitive plants within the burn.•Ground temperature continues to warm relative to the unburned tundra.
ArticleNumber	100984
Author	Jones, Benjamin M. Jandt, Randi R. Miller, Eric A. Baughman, Carson A.
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Eric A. orcidid: 0000-0002-2021-2612 surname: Miller fullname: Miller, Eric A. email: eamiller@blm.gov organization: Bureau of Land Management, Alaska Fire Service, 1541 Gaffney RD, Fort Wainwright, 99703, AK, USA – sequence: 2 givenname: Carson A. orcidid: 0000-0002-9423-9324 surname: Baughman fullname: Baughman, Carson A. email: cbaughman@usgs.gov organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, 4210 University Drive, Anchorage, 99508, AK, USA – sequence: 3 givenname: Benjamin M. orcidid: 0000-0002-1517-4711 surname: Jones fullname: Jones, Benjamin M. email: bmjones3@alaska.edu organization: Institute of Northern Engineering, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 1764 Tanana Loop, Fairbanks, 99775, AK, USA – sequence: 4 givenname: Randi R. orcidid: 0000-0001-8471-792X surname: Jandt fullname: Jandt, Randi R. email: rjandt@alaska.edu organization: Alaska Fire Science Consortium, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2160 Koyukuk Drive, Fairbanks, 99775, AK, USA
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Snippet	Our understanding of tundra fire effects in Northern Alaska is limited because fires have been relatively rare. We sampled a 70+ year-old burn visible in a...
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SubjectTerms	Alaska botanical composition climate change cold tolerance Eriophorum grasses hydrology ice landscapes Permafrost plant communities soil species temperature Thermokarst tundra Tussock tundra Yedoma
Title	Biophysical effects of an old tundra fire in the Brooks Range Foothills of Northern Alaska, U.S.A
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