Cholesterol affects retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in patients with multiple sclerosis with optic neuritis

Background and purpose To evaluate the associations between retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and lipid profiles in multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods This study enrolled 136 patients with MS (n = 272 eyes; 108 females, 28 males, mean age: 46.7 ± 8.9 years); 45% had a history of optic neuriti...

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Vydáno v:European journal of neurology Ročník 20; číslo 9; s. 1264 - 1271
Hlavní autoři: Kardys, A., Weinstock-Guttman, B., Dillon, M., Masud, M. W., Weinstock, N., Mahfooz, N., Lang, J. K., Weinstock, A., Lincoff, N., Zivadinov, R., Ramanathan, M.
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: England Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.09.2013
John Wiley & Sons, Inc
Témata:
Cholesterol
Cholesterol - blood
Confidence intervals
environment factors
Evoked Potentials, Visual
Female
Humans
Lipids
Low density lipoprotein
Male
Middle Aged
Multiple sclerosis
Multiple Sclerosis - blood
Multiple Sclerosis - pathology
optic neuritis
Optic Neuritis - blood
Optic Neuritis - pathology
Retinal Neurons - pathology
Tomography, Optical Coherence
vision
Visual Acuity
vision
cholesterol
lipids
environment factors
multiple sclerosis
optic neuritis
ISSN:1351-5101, 1468-1331, 1468-1331
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Abstract Background and purpose To evaluate the associations between retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and lipid profiles in multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods This study enrolled 136 patients with MS (n = 272 eyes; 108 females, 28 males, mean age: 46.7 ± 8.9 years); 45% had a history of optic neuritis (ON). Subjects received optical coherence tomography (OCT) testing to assess RNFL thickness and visual acuity testing with Snellen charts. A subset of 88 patients received pattern reversal visual‐evoked potential (PRVEP) testing. Lipid profiles consisting of serum high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and total cholesterol (TC) levels were obtained within ± 6 months of OCT. Regression analyses were used to assess the associations between RNFL thickness and lipid profile variables. Results Low RNFL thickness (P = 0.008) and higher PRVEP latency (P = 0.017) were associated with high LDL cholesterol > 100 mg/dl status. Low RNFL thickness (P = 0.008) and higher PRVEP latency (P = 0.043) were associated with high HDL cholesterol levels. Low RNFL thickness was also associated with HDL cholesterol > 60 mg/dl status (P = 0.001) and with TC > 200 mg/dl status (P = 0.015). The probability of average RNFL thickness in the lowest tertile (≤ 33rd percentile) was associated with interactions between TC > 200 mg/dl status (P = 0.001, odds ratio = 7.5, 95% confidence interval = 2.7–21) with affected/unaffected by ON status. Conclusions High cholesterol adversely affects RNFL thickness in patients with MS with ON.
AbstractList Background and purpose To evaluate the associations between retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and lipid profiles in multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods This study enrolled 136 patients with MS (n = 272 eyes; 108 females, 28 males, mean age: 46.7 ± 8.9 years); 45% had a history of optic neuritis (ON). Subjects received optical coherence tomography (OCT) testing to assess RNFL thickness and visual acuity testing with Snellen charts. A subset of 88 patients received pattern reversal visual‐evoked potential (PRVEP) testing. Lipid profiles consisting of serum high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and total cholesterol (TC) levels were obtained within ± 6 months of OCT. Regression analyses were used to assess the associations between RNFL thickness and lipid profile variables. Results Low RNFL thickness (P = 0.008) and higher PRVEP latency (P = 0.017) were associated with high LDL cholesterol > 100 mg/dl status. Low RNFL thickness (P = 0.008) and higher PRVEP latency (P = 0.043) were associated with high HDL cholesterol levels. Low RNFL thickness was also associated with HDL cholesterol > 60 mg/dl status (P = 0.001) and with TC > 200 mg/dl status (P = 0.015). The probability of average RNFL thickness in the lowest tertile (≤ 33rd percentile) was associated with interactions between TC > 200 mg/dl status (P = 0.001, odds ratio = 7.5, 95% confidence interval = 2.7–21) with affected/unaffected by ON status. Conclusions High cholesterol adversely affects RNFL thickness in patients with MS with ON.
Background and purpose To evaluate the associations between retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and lipid profiles in multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods This study enrolled 136 patients with MS (n=272 eyes; 108 females, 28 males, mean age: 46.7±8.9years); 45% had a history of optic neuritis (ON). Subjects received optical coherence tomography (OCT) testing to assess RNFL thickness and visual acuity testing with Snellen charts. A subset of 88 patients received pattern reversal visual-evoked potential (PRVEP) testing. Lipid profiles consisting of serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and total cholesterol (TC) levels were obtained within ±6months of OCT. Regression analyses were used to assess the associations between RNFL thickness and lipid profile variables. Results Low RNFL thickness (P=0.008) and higher PRVEP latency (P=0.017) were associated with high LDL cholesterol >100mg/dl status. Low RNFL thickness (P=0.008) and higher PRVEP latency (P=0.043) were associated with high HDL cholesterol levels. Low RNFL thickness was also associated with HDL cholesterol >60mg/dl status (P=0.001) and with TC >200mg/dl status (P=0.015). The probability of average RNFL thickness in the lowest tertile (≤33rd percentile) was associated with interactions between TC >200mg/dl status (P=0.001, odds ratio=7.5, 95% confidence interval=2.7-21) with affected/unaffected by ON status. Conclusions High cholesterol adversely affects RNFL thickness in patients with MS with ON [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT].
To evaluate the associations between retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and lipid profiles in multiple sclerosis (MS). This study enrolled 136 patients with MS (n = 272 eyes; 108 females, 28 males, mean age: 46.7 ± 8.9 years); 45% had a history of optic neuritis (ON). Subjects received optical coherence tomography (OCT) testing to assess RNFL thickness and visual acuity testing with Snellen charts. A subset of 88 patients received pattern reversal visual-evoked potential (PRVEP) testing. Lipid profiles consisting of serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and total cholesterol (TC) levels were obtained within ± 6 months of OCT. Regression analyses were used to assess the associations between RNFL thickness and lipid profile variables. Low RNFL thickness (P = 0.008) and higher PRVEP latency (P = 0.017) were associated with high LDL cholesterol > 100 mg/dl status. Low RNFL thickness (P = 0.008) and higher PRVEP latency (P = 0.043) were associated with high HDL cholesterol levels. Low RNFL thickness was also associated with HDL cholesterol > 60 mg/dl status (P = 0.001) and with TC > 200 mg/dl status (P = 0.015). The probability of average RNFL thickness in the lowest tertile (≤ 33rd percentile) was associated with interactions between TC > 200 mg/dl status (P = 0.001, odds ratio = 7.5, 95% confidence interval = 2.7-21) with affected/unaffected by ON status. High cholesterol adversely affects RNFL thickness in patients with MS with ON.
To evaluate the associations between retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and lipid profiles in multiple sclerosis (MS).BACKGROUND AND PURPOSETo evaluate the associations between retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and lipid profiles in multiple sclerosis (MS).This study enrolled 136 patients with MS (n = 272 eyes; 108 females, 28 males, mean age: 46.7 ± 8.9 years); 45% had a history of optic neuritis (ON). Subjects received optical coherence tomography (OCT) testing to assess RNFL thickness and visual acuity testing with Snellen charts. A subset of 88 patients received pattern reversal visual-evoked potential (PRVEP) testing. Lipid profiles consisting of serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and total cholesterol (TC) levels were obtained within ± 6 months of OCT. Regression analyses were used to assess the associations between RNFL thickness and lipid profile variables.METHODSThis study enrolled 136 patients with MS (n = 272 eyes; 108 females, 28 males, mean age: 46.7 ± 8.9 years); 45% had a history of optic neuritis (ON). Subjects received optical coherence tomography (OCT) testing to assess RNFL thickness and visual acuity testing with Snellen charts. A subset of 88 patients received pattern reversal visual-evoked potential (PRVEP) testing. Lipid profiles consisting of serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and total cholesterol (TC) levels were obtained within ± 6 months of OCT. Regression analyses were used to assess the associations between RNFL thickness and lipid profile variables.Low RNFL thickness (P = 0.008) and higher PRVEP latency (P = 0.017) were associated with high LDL cholesterol > 100 mg/dl status. Low RNFL thickness (P = 0.008) and higher PRVEP latency (P = 0.043) were associated with high HDL cholesterol levels. Low RNFL thickness was also associated with HDL cholesterol > 60 mg/dl status (P = 0.001) and with TC > 200 mg/dl status (P = 0.015). The probability of average RNFL thickness in the lowest tertile (≤ 33rd percentile) was associated with interactions between TC > 200 mg/dl status (P = 0.001, odds ratio = 7.5, 95% confidence interval = 2.7-21) with affected/unaffected by ON status.RESULTSLow RNFL thickness (P = 0.008) and higher PRVEP latency (P = 0.017) were associated with high LDL cholesterol > 100 mg/dl status. Low RNFL thickness (P = 0.008) and higher PRVEP latency (P = 0.043) were associated with high HDL cholesterol levels. Low RNFL thickness was also associated with HDL cholesterol > 60 mg/dl status (P = 0.001) and with TC > 200 mg/dl status (P = 0.015). The probability of average RNFL thickness in the lowest tertile (≤ 33rd percentile) was associated with interactions between TC > 200 mg/dl status (P = 0.001, odds ratio = 7.5, 95% confidence interval = 2.7-21) with affected/unaffected by ON status.High cholesterol adversely affects RNFL thickness in patients with MS with ON.CONCLUSIONSHigh cholesterol adversely affects RNFL thickness in patients with MS with ON.
To evaluate the associations between retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and lipid profiles in multiple sclerosis (MS). This study enrolled 136 patients with MS (n=272 eyes; 108 females, 28 males, mean age: 46.7 plus or minus 8.9years); 45% had a history of optic neuritis (ON). Subjects received optical coherence tomography (OCT) testing to assess RNFL thickness and visual acuity testing with Snellen charts. A subset of 88 patients received pattern reversal visual-evoked potential (PRVEP) testing. Lipid profiles consisting of serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and total cholesterol (TC) levels were obtained within plus or minus 6months of OCT. Regression analyses were used to assess the associations between RNFL thickness and lipid profile variables. Low RNFL thickness (P=0.008) and higher PRVEP latency (P=0.017) were associated with high LDL cholesterol >100mg/dl status. Low RNFL thickness (P=0.008) and higher PRVEP latency (P=0.043) were associated with high HDL cholesterol levels. Low RNFL thickness was also associated with HDL cholesterol >60mg/dl status (P=0.001) and with TC >200mg/dl status (P=0.015). The probability of average RNFL thickness in the lowest tertile ( less than or equal to 33rd percentile) was associated with interactions between TC >200mg/dl status (P=0.001, odds ratio=7.5, 95% confidence interval=2.7-21) with affected/unaffected by ON status. High cholesterol adversely affects RNFL thickness in patients with MS with ON.
Author Lang, J. K.
Masud, M. W.
Lincoff, N.
Mahfooz, N.
Kardys, A.
Dillon, M.
Zivadinov, R.
Weinstock, N.
Ramanathan, M.
Weinstock-Guttman, B.
Weinstock, A.
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  organization: Department of Neurology, State University of New York, NY, Buffalo, USA
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cholesterol
lipids
environment factors
multiple sclerosis
optic neuritis
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References Salemi G, Gueli MC, Vitale F, et al. Blood lipids, homocysteine, stress factors, and vitamins in clinically stable multiple sclerosis patients. Lipids Health Dis 2010; 9: 19.
Reynolds R, Rosner B, Seddon JM. Serum lipid biomarkers and hepatic lipase gene associations with age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmology 2010; 117: 1989-1995.
Tsakiri A, Kallenbach K, Fuglo D, Wanscher B, Larsson H, Frederiksen J. Simvastatin improves final visual outcome in acute optic neuritis: a randomized study. Mult Scler 2012; 18: 72-81.
Grazioli E, Zivadinov R, Weinstock-Guttman B, et al. Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness is associated with brain MRI outcomes in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Sci 2008; 268: 12-17.
Mullins RF, Russell SR, Anderson DH, Hageman GS. Drusen associated with aging and age-related macular degeneration contain proteins common to extracellular deposits associated with atherosclerosis, elastosis, amyloidosis, and dense deposit disease. FASEB J 2000; 14: 835-846.
Weinstock-Guttman B, Zivadinov R, Mahfooz N, et al. Serum lipid profiles are associated with disability and MRI outcomes in multiple sclerosis. J Neuroinflammation 2011; 8: 127.
Fessler MB, Parks JS. Intracellular lipid flux and membrane microdomains as organizing principles in inflammatory cell signaling. J Immunol 2011; 187: 1529-1535.
Henderson AP, Trip SA, Schlottmann PG, et al. An investigation of the retinal nerve fibre layer in progressive multiple sclerosis using optical coherence tomography. Brain 2008; 131: 277-287.
Frohman EM, Costello F, Stuve O, et al. Modeling axonal degeneration within the anterior visual system: implications for demonstrating neuroprotection in multiple sclerosis. Arch Neurol 2008; 65: 26-35.
Costello F, Coupland S, Hodge W, et al. Quantifying axonal loss after optic neuritis with optical coherence tomography. Ann Neurol 2006; 59: 963-969.
Cettomai D, Pulicken M, Gordon-Lipkin E, et al. Reproducibility of optical coherence tomography in multiple sclerosis. Arch Neurol 2008; 65: 1218-1222.
Chen W, Stambolian D, Edwards AO, et al. Genetic variants near TIMP3 and high-density lipoprotein-associated loci influence susceptibility to age-related macular degeneration. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2010; 107: 7401-7406.
Williams VJ, Leritz EC, Shepel J, et al. Interindividual variation in serum cholesterol is associated with regional white matter tissue integrity in older adults. Hum Brain Mapp 2013; 34: 1826-1841.
Costello F. Evaluating the use of optical coherence tomography in optic neuritis. Mult Scler Int 2011; 2011: 148 394.
Trip SA, Schlottmann PG, Jones SJ, et al. Optic nerve atrophy and retinal nerve fibre layer thinning following optic neuritis: evidence that axonal loss is a substrate of MRI-detected atrophy. Neuroimage 2006; 31: 286-293.
Giubilei F, Antonini G, Di Legge S, et al. Blood cholesterol and MRI activity in first clinical episode suggestive of multiple sclerosis. Acta Neurol Scand 2002; 106: 109-112.
Wu GF, Schwartz ED, Lei T, et al. Relation of vision to global and regional brain MRI in multiple sclerosis. Neurology 2007; 69: 2128-2135.
Green AJ, Cree BA. Distinctive retinal nerve fibre layer and vascular changes in neuromyelitis optica following optic neuritis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2009; 80: 1002-1005.
Dietschy JM, Turley SD. Thematic review series: brain lipids. Cholesterol metabolism in the central nervous system during early development and in the mature animal. J Lipid Res 2004; 45: 1375-1397.
van Leeuwen R, Klaver CC, Vingerling JR, et al. Cholesterol and age-related macular degeneration: is there a link? Am J Ophthalmol 2004; 137: 750-752.
O'Mahoney PR, Wong DT, Ray JG. Retinal vein occlusion and traditional risk factors for atherosclerosis. Arch Ophthalmol 2008; 126: 692-699.
Sorensen TL, Frederiksen JL, Bronnum-Hansen H, Petersen HC. Optic neuritis as onset manifestation of multiple sclerosis: a nationwide, long-term survey. Neurology 1999; 53: 473-478.
Budenz DL, Anderson DR, Varma R, et al. Determinants of normal retinal nerve fiber layer thickness measured by Stratus OCT. Ophthalmology 2007; 114: 1046-1052.
McDonald WI, Barnes D. The ocular manifestations of multiple sclerosis. 1. Abnormalities of the afferent visual system. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1992; 55: 747-752.
Villoslada P, Sepulcre J, Toledo J, Bejarano B. Retinal nerve fiber layer is associated with brain atrophy in multiple sclerosis. Neurology 2008; 71: 1747; author reply 1747-1748.
Frohman EM, Racke MK, Raine CS. Multiple sclerosis - the plaque and its pathogenesis. N Engl J Med 2006; 354: 942-955.
Zaveri MS, Conger A, Salter A, et al. Retinal imaging by laser polarimetry and optical coherence tomography evidence of axonal degeneration in multiple sclerosis. Arch Neurol 2008; 65: 924-928.
Pulicken M, Gordon-Lipkin E, Balcer LJ, Frohman E, Cutter G, Calabresi PA. Optical coherence tomography and disease subtype in multiple sclerosis. Neurology 2007; 69: 2085-2092.
DeBarber AE, Eroglu Y, Merkens LS, Pappu AS, Steiner RD. Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome. Expert Rev Mol Med 2011; 13: e24.
Saidha S, Syc SB, Ibrahim MA, et al. Primary retinal pathology in multiple sclerosis as detected by optical coherence tomography. Brain 2011; 134: 518-533.
Green AJ, McQuaid S, Hauser SL, Allen IV, Lyness R. Ocular pathology in multiple sclerosis: retinal atrophy and inflammation irrespective of disease duration. Brain 2010; 133: 1591-1601.
Anderson DH, Mullins RF, Hageman GS, Johnson LV. A role for local inflammation in the formation of drusen in the aging eye. Am J Ophthalmol 2002; 134: 411-431.
Frohman E, Costello F, Zivadinov R, et al. Optical coherence tomography in multiple sclerosis. Lancet Neurol 2006; 5: 853-863.
Marrie RA, Cutter G, Tyry T. Substantial adverse association of visual and vascular comorbidities on visual disability in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2011; 17: 1464-1471.
Weinstock-Guttman B, Zivadinov R, Ramanathan M. Inter-dependence of vitamin D levels with serum lipid profiles in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Sci 2011; 311: 86-91.
Syc SB, Warner CV, Hiremath GS, et al. Reproducibility of high-resolution optical coherence tomography in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2010; 16: 829-839.
Naismith RT, Tutlam NT, Xu J, et al. Optical coherence tomography differs in neuromyelitis optica compared with multiple sclerosis. Neurology 2009; 72: 1077-1082.
Petzold A, de Boer JF, Schippling S, et al. Optical coherence tomography in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Neurol 2010; 9: 921-932.
Weinstock-Guttman B, Baier M, Stockton R, et al. Pattern reversal visual evoked potentials as a measure of visual pathway pathology in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2003; 9: 529-534.
Li Y, Wang H, Hu X, Peng F, Yang Y. Serum lipoprotein levels in patients with neuromyelitis optica elevated but had little correlation with clinical presentations. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2010; 112: 478-481.
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References_xml – reference: McDonald WI, Barnes D. The ocular manifestations of multiple sclerosis. 1. Abnormalities of the afferent visual system. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1992; 55: 747-752.
– reference: Pulicken M, Gordon-Lipkin E, Balcer LJ, Frohman E, Cutter G, Calabresi PA. Optical coherence tomography and disease subtype in multiple sclerosis. Neurology 2007; 69: 2085-2092.
– reference: Williams VJ, Leritz EC, Shepel J, et al. Interindividual variation in serum cholesterol is associated with regional white matter tissue integrity in older adults. Hum Brain Mapp 2013; 34: 1826-1841.
– reference: van Leeuwen R, Klaver CC, Vingerling JR, et al. Cholesterol and age-related macular degeneration: is there a link? Am J Ophthalmol 2004; 137: 750-752.
– reference: Budenz DL, Anderson DR, Varma R, et al. Determinants of normal retinal nerve fiber layer thickness measured by Stratus OCT. Ophthalmology 2007; 114: 1046-1052.
– reference: Zaveri MS, Conger A, Salter A, et al. Retinal imaging by laser polarimetry and optical coherence tomography evidence of axonal degeneration in multiple sclerosis. Arch Neurol 2008; 65: 924-928.
– reference: Dietschy JM, Turley SD. Thematic review series: brain lipids. Cholesterol metabolism in the central nervous system during early development and in the mature animal. J Lipid Res 2004; 45: 1375-1397.
– reference: Weinstock-Guttman B, Baier M, Stockton R, et al. Pattern reversal visual evoked potentials as a measure of visual pathway pathology in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2003; 9: 529-534.
– reference: Giubilei F, Antonini G, Di Legge S, et al. Blood cholesterol and MRI activity in first clinical episode suggestive of multiple sclerosis. Acta Neurol Scand 2002; 106: 109-112.
– reference: Frohman EM, Racke MK, Raine CS. Multiple sclerosis - the plaque and its pathogenesis. N Engl J Med 2006; 354: 942-955.
– reference: Anderson DH, Mullins RF, Hageman GS, Johnson LV. A role for local inflammation in the formation of drusen in the aging eye. Am J Ophthalmol 2002; 134: 411-431.
– reference: Marrie RA, Cutter G, Tyry T. Substantial adverse association of visual and vascular comorbidities on visual disability in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2011; 17: 1464-1471.
– reference: Wu GF, Schwartz ED, Lei T, et al. Relation of vision to global and regional brain MRI in multiple sclerosis. Neurology 2007; 69: 2128-2135.
– reference: Henderson AP, Trip SA, Schlottmann PG, et al. An investigation of the retinal nerve fibre layer in progressive multiple sclerosis using optical coherence tomography. Brain 2008; 131: 277-287.
– reference: Grazioli E, Zivadinov R, Weinstock-Guttman B, et al. Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness is associated with brain MRI outcomes in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Sci 2008; 268: 12-17.
– reference: Mullins RF, Russell SR, Anderson DH, Hageman GS. Drusen associated with aging and age-related macular degeneration contain proteins common to extracellular deposits associated with atherosclerosis, elastosis, amyloidosis, and dense deposit disease. FASEB J 2000; 14: 835-846.
– reference: Weinstock-Guttman B, Zivadinov R, Mahfooz N, et al. Serum lipid profiles are associated with disability and MRI outcomes in multiple sclerosis. J Neuroinflammation 2011; 8: 127.
– reference: Trip SA, Schlottmann PG, Jones SJ, et al. Optic nerve atrophy and retinal nerve fibre layer thinning following optic neuritis: evidence that axonal loss is a substrate of MRI-detected atrophy. Neuroimage 2006; 31: 286-293.
– reference: Salemi G, Gueli MC, Vitale F, et al. Blood lipids, homocysteine, stress factors, and vitamins in clinically stable multiple sclerosis patients. Lipids Health Dis 2010; 9: 19.
– reference: Naismith RT, Tutlam NT, Xu J, et al. Optical coherence tomography differs in neuromyelitis optica compared with multiple sclerosis. Neurology 2009; 72: 1077-1082.
– reference: Fessler MB, Parks JS. Intracellular lipid flux and membrane microdomains as organizing principles in inflammatory cell signaling. J Immunol 2011; 187: 1529-1535.
– reference: Reynolds R, Rosner B, Seddon JM. Serum lipid biomarkers and hepatic lipase gene associations with age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmology 2010; 117: 1989-1995.
– reference: Petzold A, de Boer JF, Schippling S, et al. Optical coherence tomography in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Neurol 2010; 9: 921-932.
– reference: Frohman EM, Costello F, Stuve O, et al. Modeling axonal degeneration within the anterior visual system: implications for demonstrating neuroprotection in multiple sclerosis. Arch Neurol 2008; 65: 26-35.
– reference: Weinstock-Guttman B, Zivadinov R, Ramanathan M. Inter-dependence of vitamin D levels with serum lipid profiles in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Sci 2011; 311: 86-91.
– reference: Saidha S, Syc SB, Ibrahim MA, et al. Primary retinal pathology in multiple sclerosis as detected by optical coherence tomography. Brain 2011; 134: 518-533.
– reference: Costello F, Coupland S, Hodge W, et al. Quantifying axonal loss after optic neuritis with optical coherence tomography. Ann Neurol 2006; 59: 963-969.
– reference: DeBarber AE, Eroglu Y, Merkens LS, Pappu AS, Steiner RD. Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome. Expert Rev Mol Med 2011; 13: e24.
– reference: Syc SB, Warner CV, Hiremath GS, et al. Reproducibility of high-resolution optical coherence tomography in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2010; 16: 829-839.
– reference: Tsakiri A, Kallenbach K, Fuglo D, Wanscher B, Larsson H, Frederiksen J. Simvastatin improves final visual outcome in acute optic neuritis: a randomized study. Mult Scler 2012; 18: 72-81.
– reference: Sorensen TL, Frederiksen JL, Bronnum-Hansen H, Petersen HC. Optic neuritis as onset manifestation of multiple sclerosis: a nationwide, long-term survey. Neurology 1999; 53: 473-478.
– reference: Green AJ, McQuaid S, Hauser SL, Allen IV, Lyness R. Ocular pathology in multiple sclerosis: retinal atrophy and inflammation irrespective of disease duration. Brain 2010; 133: 1591-1601.
– reference: Costello F. Evaluating the use of optical coherence tomography in optic neuritis. Mult Scler Int 2011; 2011: 148 394.
– reference: Villoslada P, Sepulcre J, Toledo J, Bejarano B. Retinal nerve fiber layer is associated with brain atrophy in multiple sclerosis. Neurology 2008; 71: 1747; author reply 1747-1748.
– reference: Frohman E, Costello F, Zivadinov R, et al. Optical coherence tomography in multiple sclerosis. Lancet Neurol 2006; 5: 853-863.
– reference: O'Mahoney PR, Wong DT, Ray JG. Retinal vein occlusion and traditional risk factors for atherosclerosis. Arch Ophthalmol 2008; 126: 692-699.
– reference: Cettomai D, Pulicken M, Gordon-Lipkin E, et al. Reproducibility of optical coherence tomography in multiple sclerosis. Arch Neurol 2008; 65: 1218-1222.
– reference: Chen W, Stambolian D, Edwards AO, et al. Genetic variants near TIMP3 and high-density lipoprotein-associated loci influence susceptibility to age-related macular degeneration. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2010; 107: 7401-7406.
– reference: Li Y, Wang H, Hu X, Peng F, Yang Y. Serum lipoprotein levels in patients with neuromyelitis optica elevated but had little correlation with clinical presentations. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2010; 112: 478-481.
– reference: Green AJ, Cree BA. Distinctive retinal nerve fibre layer and vascular changes in neuromyelitis optica following optic neuritis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2009; 80: 1002-1005.
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  article-title: Primary retinal pathology in multiple sclerosis as detected by optical coherence tomography
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Snippet Background and purpose To evaluate the associations between retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and lipid profiles in multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods...
To evaluate the associations between retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and lipid profiles in multiple sclerosis (MS). This study enrolled 136 patients...
Background and purpose To evaluate the associations between retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and lipid profiles in multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods...
To evaluate the associations between retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and lipid profiles in multiple sclerosis (MS).BACKGROUND AND PURPOSETo evaluate...
To evaluate the associations between retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and lipid profiles in multiple sclerosis (MS). This study enrolled 136 patients...
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StartPage 1264
SubjectTerms Cholesterol
Cholesterol - blood
Confidence intervals
environment factors
Evoked Potentials, Visual
Female
Humans
Lipids
Low density lipoprotein
Male
Middle Aged
Multiple sclerosis
Multiple Sclerosis - blood
Multiple Sclerosis - pathology
optic neuritis
Optic Neuritis - blood
Optic Neuritis - pathology
Retinal Neurons - pathology
Tomography, Optical Coherence
vision
Visual Acuity
Title Cholesterol affects retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in patients with multiple sclerosis with optic neuritis
URI https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/WNG-8QDNGZP2-T/fulltext.pdf
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111%2Fene.12162
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23581473
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1413169389
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1415603287
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1427006149
Volume 20
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