Business as Plan B: Institutional Foundations of Gender Inequality in Entrepreneurship across 24 Industrialized Countries

This article develops and empirically evaluates an institutional theory of gender inequalities in business start-up, ownership, and growth orientation. I argue that in contexts in which institutional arrangements such as paid leave, subsidized childcare, and part-time employment opportunities mitiga...

Celý popis

Uloženo v:

Podrobná bibliografie
Vydáno v:	Administrative science quarterly Ročník 60; číslo 4; s. 671 - 711
Hlavní autor:	Thébaud, Sarah
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	Los Angeles, CA SAGE Publications 01.12.2015 SAGE PUBLICATIONS, INC
Témata:	Business Business growth Business ownership Child care Context Employment Employment opportunities Entrepreneurs Entrepreneurship Families & family life Family conflict Family policy Family work relationship Gender Gender equity Gender inequality Industrialized nations Inequality Job opportunities Manycountries New technology Occupational segregation Organization theory Owners Ownership Part time employment Representation Segregation Social theories Studies Technology Ventures Women Work Work life balance Working women growth-oriented entrepreneurship entrepreneurship work–family policy work–family conflict gender inequality
ISSN:	0001-8392, 1930-3815
On-line přístup:	Získat plný text
Tagy:	Přidat tag Žádné tagy, Buďte první, kdo vytvoří štítek k tomuto záznamu!

Popis
Shrnutí:	This article develops and empirically evaluates an institutional theory of gender inequalities in business start-up, ownership, and growth orientation. I argue that in contexts in which institutional arrangements such as paid leave, subsidized childcare, and part-time employment opportunities mitigate work-family conflict, women are less likely to opt for business ownership as a fallback employment strategy. As a result, women in these contexts may be relatively less well represented among entrepreneurs as a whole but more well represented in growth-oriented forms of entrepreneurship. To evaluate this claim, I analyze survey data from 24 countries over the span of eight years. Multilevel analyses show that supportive work–family institutions are associated with larger gender gaps in the odds of early-stage and established business ownership but smaller gender gaps among business owners in terms of their business size, growth aspirations, and propensity to innovate or use new technology. Consistent with my theoretical argument, women business owners are also less likely to report pursuing entrepreneurship because they lacked attractive employment options in contexts in which supportive institutions are in place. Findings suggest that institutional contexts characterized by salient work–family conflict may fuel women's aggregate representation in business activity but reinforce their segregation into less growth-oriented (and thus lower-status) ventures.
Bibliografie:	SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-1 content type line 14 ObjectType-Article-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	0001-8392 1930-3815
DOI:	10.1177/0001839215591627