Low-Complexity Soft-Output Decoding of Polar Codes
The state-of-the-art soft-output decoder for polar codes is a message-passing algorithm based on belief propagation, which performs well at the cost of high processing and storage requirements. In this paper, we propose a low-complexity alternative for soft-output decoding of polar codes that offers...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | IEEE journal on selected areas in communications Jg. 32; H. 5; S. 958 - 966 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
New York
IEEE
01.05.2014
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) |
| Schlagworte: | |
| ISSN: | 0733-8716, 1558-0008 |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| Abstract | The state-of-the-art soft-output decoder for polar codes is a message-passing algorithm based on belief propagation, which performs well at the cost of high processing and storage requirements. In this paper, we propose a low-complexity alternative for soft-output decoding of polar codes that offers better performance but with significantly reduced processing and storage requirements. In particular we show that the complexity of the proposed decoder is only 4% of the total complexity of the belief propagation decoder for a rate one-half polar code of dimension 4096 in the dicode channel, while achieving comparable error-rate performance. Furthermore, we show that the proposed decoder requires about 39% of the memory required by the belief propagation decoder for a block length of 32768. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | The state-of-the-art soft-output decoder for polar codes is a message-passing algorithm based on belief propagation, which performs well at the cost of high processing and storage requirements. In this paper, we propose a low-complexity alternative for soft-output decoding of polar codes that offers better performance but with significantly reduced processing and storage requirements. In particular we show that the complexity of the proposed decoder is only 4% of the total complexity of the belief propagation decoder for a rate one-half polar code of dimension 4096 in the dicode channel, while achieving comparable error-rate performance. Furthermore, we show that the proposed decoder requires about 39% of the memory required by the belief propagation decoder for a block length of 32768. |
| Author | Fayyaz, Ubaid U. Barry, John R. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Ubaid U. surname: Fayyaz fullname: Fayyaz, Ubaid U. email: ubaid@gatech.edu organization: Sch. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Georgia Inst. of Technol., Atlanta, GA, USA – sequence: 2 givenname: John R. surname: Barry fullname: Barry, John R. email: john.barry@ece.gatech.edu organization: Sch. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Georgia Inst. of Technol., Atlanta, GA, USA |
| BookMark | eNqNkM1LwzAYh4MouE3vgpeCFy-db5qv9jjqN4MJ03NI01QyuqY2Kbr_3o6Khx3E03t5nhd-zxQdN64xCF1gmGMM2c3zepHPE8B0jikwzI7QBDOWxgCQHqMJCELiVGB-iqbeb2AAaZpMULJ0n3Hutm1tvmzYRWtXhXjVh7YP0a3RrrTNe-Sq6MXVqotyVxp_hk4qVXtz_nNn6O3-7jV_jJerh6d8sYw1TUiINSNpQcuKVhUX1JRaqIwkhmWlMCpLRKl1AWUhuMJGkIIXBSM0g6QqmAKRFGSGrse_bec-euOD3FqvTV2rxrjeS8yHOYAZzv6BDmWAp4wM6NUBunF91wxDJGaUpRnlmA8UHyndOe87U0ltgwrWNaFTtpYY5L663FeX--pyrD6IcCC2nd2qbveXcjkq1hjzi_MUaEaBfANjHYy4 |
| CODEN | ISACEM |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1109_TVT_2021_3077757 crossref_primary_10_3390_computers14010015 crossref_primary_10_1109_LCOMM_2018_2878719 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11265_025_01949_8 crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2018_2871834 crossref_primary_10_1155_2018_8928761 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCE_2023_3340322 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCOMM_2021_3098798 crossref_primary_10_1109_TMAG_2021_3085094 crossref_primary_10_1109_LCOMM_2016_2613980 crossref_primary_10_1109_LWC_2024_3519114 crossref_primary_10_1109_JSAC_2015_2504318 crossref_primary_10_1109_JETCAS_2017_2759253 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11227_018_2519_y crossref_primary_10_1109_LCOMM_2025_3559466 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11277_021_08106_x crossref_primary_10_1109_TSP_2023_3247140 crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2019_2901596 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_compeleceng_2020_106636 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_024_81418_7 crossref_primary_10_1109_LCOMM_2023_3309775 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCOMM_2021_3068733 crossref_primary_10_1109_JSAC_2015_2504320 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCOMM_2021_3098686 crossref_primary_10_1049_iet_com_2017_1195 crossref_primary_10_1088_1742_6596_1998_1_012010 crossref_primary_10_1109_LCOMM_2021_3104092 crossref_primary_10_1109_LCOMM_2021_3078259 crossref_primary_10_1109_TVT_2022_3163288 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11277_023_10196_8 crossref_primary_10_1049_el_2018_0699 crossref_primary_10_1049_el_2019_3372 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_comnet_2024_110673 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCOMM_2015_2502246 crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2019_2935791 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCSII_2014_2369131 crossref_primary_10_5194_ars_16_43_2018 crossref_primary_10_1109_TSP_2020_2981766 crossref_primary_10_1049_iet_com_2014_0227 crossref_primary_10_1109_LCOMM_2018_2828836 crossref_primary_10_1109_JPROC_2018_2795961 crossref_primary_10_1109_COMST_2020_2967127 crossref_primary_10_1109_TSP_2022_3150962 crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2021_3058661 crossref_primary_10_3390_s20236740 crossref_primary_10_1109_JIOT_2023_3332903 crossref_primary_10_1109_TSP_2018_2890066 crossref_primary_10_1109_TVLSI_2016_2577883 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIT_2024_3512412 crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2019_2929188 crossref_primary_10_1109_TVLSI_2016_2620998 crossref_primary_10_1109_JIOT_2018_2873480 crossref_primary_10_3390_electronics14173563 crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2022_3165582 crossref_primary_10_1049_iet_com_2019_0887 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_025_07886_7 crossref_primary_10_1109_COMST_2019_2937923 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_phycom_2023_102010 crossref_primary_10_1109_LWC_2022_3155470 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11265_016_1181_y crossref_primary_10_1186_s13638_021_02042_x crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2020_3043017 crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2021_3084627 crossref_primary_10_1109_TSP_2020_3020226 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCOMM_2021_3095195 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11431_020_1630_2 crossref_primary_10_1109_OJCOMS_2024_3510535 crossref_primary_10_1109_LCOMM_2024_3418773 crossref_primary_10_1109_COMST_2023_3249835 crossref_primary_10_1109_LCOMM_2022_3213854 crossref_primary_10_1109_LWC_2025_3566100 crossref_primary_10_1109_TVT_2020_3021258 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11277_022_09688_w |
| Cites_doi | 10.1109/LCOMM.2012.111612.121898 10.1109/LCOMM.2008.080017 10.1109/ISIT.2009.5205860 10.1109/ICASSP.2011.5946819 10.1109/TIT.2009.2021379 10.1109/ISWCS.2011.6125399 10.1049/el.2012.1459 10.1109/ISIT.2011.6033904 10.1109/TMAG.2007.906890 10.1109/TIT.2013.2272694 10.1109/TCOMM.2004.826367 10.1109/TMAG.2010.2043067 10.1109/LCOMM.2009.090428 10.1109/TIT.1974.1055186 10.1049/el:19961141 10.1002/ett.4460060506 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) May 2014 |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) May 2014 |
| DBID | 97E RIA RIE AAYXX CITATION 7SP 8FD L7M F28 FR3 |
| DOI | 10.1109/JSAC.2014.140515 |
| DatabaseName | IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 2005–Present IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 1998-Present IEEE Electronic Library (IEL) CrossRef Electronics & Communications Abstracts Technology Research Database Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace ANTE: Abstracts in New Technology & Engineering Engineering Research Database |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef Technology Research Database Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace Electronics & Communications Abstracts Engineering Research Database ANTE: Abstracts in New Technology & Engineering |
| DatabaseTitleList | Engineering Research Database Technology Research Database Engineering Research Database |
| Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: RIE name: IEEE Electronic Library (IEL) url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ sourceTypes: Publisher |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Engineering |
| EISSN | 1558-0008 |
| EndPage | 966 |
| ExternalDocumentID | 3377164301 10_1109_JSAC_2014_140515 6804940 |
| Genre | orig-research |
| GroupedDBID | -~X .DC 0R~ 29I 3EH 4.4 41~ 5GY 5VS 6IK 97E AAJGR AARMG AASAJ AAWTH ABAZT ABQJQ ABVLG ACGFO ACGFS ACIWK ACNCT ADRHT AENEX AETIX AGQYO AGSQL AHBIQ AI. AIBXA AKJIK AKQYR ALLEH ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS ATWAV BEFXN BFFAM BGNUA BKEBE BPEOZ CS3 DU5 EBS EJD HZ~ H~9 IBMZZ ICLAB IES IFIPE IFJZH IPLJI JAVBF LAI M43 O9- OCL P2P RIA RIE RNS TN5 VH1 AAYXX CITATION 7SP 8FD L7M RIG F28 FR3 |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c423t-c538b4df4ff674edc7a932e59d7ea927dccb0db76a1e73b6bb534902fb5a072b3 |
| IEDL.DBID | RIE |
| ISICitedReferencesCount | 137 |
| ISICitedReferencesURI | http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=000335385100015&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| ISSN | 0733-8716 |
| IngestDate | Thu Oct 02 21:16:57 EDT 2025 Mon Sep 29 02:48:23 EDT 2025 Mon Jun 30 10:11:45 EDT 2025 Tue Nov 18 22:12:13 EST 2025 Sat Nov 29 03:22:54 EST 2025 Wed Aug 27 02:47:44 EDT 2025 |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 5 |
| Language | English |
| License | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplorehelp/downloads/license-information/IEEE.html |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c423t-c538b4df4ff674edc7a932e59d7ea927dccb0db76a1e73b6bb534902fb5a072b3 |
| Notes | ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-1 content type line 14 ObjectType-Article-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 |
| PQID | 1545894616 |
| PQPubID | 23500 |
| PageCount | 9 |
| ParticipantIDs | proquest_journals_1545894616 proquest_miscellaneous_1671601519 proquest_miscellaneous_1620106853 crossref_citationtrail_10_1109_JSAC_2014_140515 crossref_primary_10_1109_JSAC_2014_140515 ieee_primary_6804940 |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 2014-05-01 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2014-05-01 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 05 year: 2014 text: 2014-05-01 day: 01 |
| PublicationDecade | 2010 |
| PublicationPlace | New York |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: New York |
| PublicationTitle | IEEE journal on selected areas in communications |
| PublicationTitleAbbrev | J-SAC |
| PublicationYear | 2014 |
| Publisher | IEEE The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) |
| Publisher_xml | – name: IEEE – name: The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) |
| References | ref13 ref12 zimmermann (ref17) 2004 ref23 ref15 (ref4) 2012 ref14 ref11 ref22 ref10 (ref5) 2009 ref1 ref16 ref18 ref8 ref7 ref9 korada (ref24) 2009 hu (ref19) 0 hu (ref20) 2001; 2 ref3 ref6 tanner (ref2) 2001 (ref21) 0 |
| References_xml | – start-page: 15 year: 2004 ident: ref17 article-title: Reduced complexity LDPC decoding using forced convergence publication-title: Proc Int Symp on Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications – year: 2009 ident: ref5 – ident: ref9 doi: 10.1109/LCOMM.2012.111612.121898 – year: 0 ident: ref21 publication-title: LOPT - online optimisation of LDPC and RA degree distributions – ident: ref11 doi: 10.1109/LCOMM.2008.080017 – ident: ref12 doi: 10.1109/ISIT.2009.5205860 – year: 0 ident: ref19 publication-title: Source code for progressive edge growth parity-check matrix construction – ident: ref18 doi: 10.1109/ICASSP.2011.5946819 – ident: ref6 doi: 10.1109/TIT.2009.2021379 – ident: ref15 doi: 10.1109/ISWCS.2011.6125399 – ident: ref10 doi: 10.1049/el.2012.1459 – ident: ref8 doi: 10.1109/ISIT.2011.6033904 – ident: ref1 doi: 10.1109/TMAG.2007.906890 – ident: ref13 doi: 10.1109/TIT.2013.2272694 – ident: ref22 doi: 10.1109/TCOMM.2004.826367 – year: 2012 ident: ref4 – ident: ref23 doi: 10.1109/TMAG.2010.2043067 – year: 2009 ident: ref24 article-title: Polar codes for channel and source coding publication-title: EPFL Lausanne – ident: ref14 doi: 10.1109/LCOMM.2009.090428 – year: 2001 ident: ref2 article-title: A class of group-structured LDPC codes publication-title: Proc ICS – ident: ref16 doi: 10.1109/TIT.1974.1055186 – ident: ref3 doi: 10.1049/el:19961141 – volume: 2 start-page: 995 year: 2001 ident: ref20 article-title: Progressive edge-growth tanner graphs publication-title: Proc IEEE Global Telecommun Conf – ident: ref7 doi: 10.1002/ett.4460060506 |
| SSID | ssj0014482 |
| Score | 2.5268953 |
| Snippet | The state-of-the-art soft-output decoder for polar codes is a message-passing algorithm based on belief propagation, which performs well at the cost of high... |
| SourceID | proquest crossref ieee |
| SourceType | Aggregation Database Enrichment Source Index Database Publisher |
| StartPage | 958 |
| SubjectTerms | Algorithms Belief propagation Blocking Channels Complexity Complexity theory Decoders Decoding Iterative decoding Memory management Polar codes Receivers soft-output decoding State of the art turbo equalization |
| Title | Low-Complexity Soft-Output Decoding of Polar Codes |
| URI | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6804940 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1545894616 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1620106853 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1671601519 |
| Volume | 32 |
| WOSCitedRecordID | wos000335385100015&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| journalDatabaseRights | – providerCode: PRVIEE databaseName: IEEE Electronic Library (IEL) customDbUrl: eissn: 1558-0008 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0014482 issn: 0733-8716 databaseCode: RIE dateStart: 19830101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ providerName: IEEE |
| link | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV1NS8QwEA2reNCD3-LqKhW8CMbttmnSHGV1EZFVUMFbyVdBkO3itor_3pm0WxRF8FbolIZJZ_JeXzJDyHEMeVfE3FCAC4ayxEmqwoGlEJSKiZBpHWrfbEKMx-nTk7zrkNP2LIxzzm8-c2d46bV8W5gKf5X1eYrVTICgLwjB67NarWIANMMrBiKOKZKAuSQZyv71_fkQN3ExSAvY0uTbEuR7qvxIxH51Ga39b1zrZLVBkcF5Pe0bpOMmm2TlS23BLRLdFO8Uox0rXpYfwT3kW3pbldOqDC6Ac-KaFRR5cIfcNhgW1s22yePo8mF4RZsGCdQACiqpgWylmc1ZnnPBnDVCARxzibTCKRkJa4wOrRZcDZyINdc6iZkMo1wnKhSRjnfI4qSYuF0SCGAuaS4U5BuDRc-0VUks89ykjgFo4V3Sn_ssM031cGxi8ZJ5FhHKDL2coZez2stdctI-Ma0rZ_xhu4Vebe0ah3ZJbz4tWRNas8xLfZLxAYzpqL0NQYFKh5q4ogIbjiI_Byjylw18JQCGBnLv97fvk2UcYr27sUcWy9fKHZAl81Y-z14P_df3Ccm_1a4 |
| linkProvider | IEEE |
| linkToHtml | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV3fS9xAEB7ECtWHaqvSq9qm4EvB9faSze7to5wV216vghZ8C_srIJSLeIml_31nNrmgtAi-BTIhy2xm9vvy7c4AHGaYd1UmHUO44JjIg2aGjzzDoDRCcWEtt7HZhJrNxtfX-mIFjvqzMCGEuPksHNNl1PJ95Rr6VTaUY6pmggT9RS5EytvTWr1mgEQjagYqyxjRgKUoyfXw6-XJhLZxCUwM1NTk0SIUu6r8k4rj-nK2-byRbcGrDkcmJ-3Ev4aVMH8DGw-qC25DOq1-M4p3qnlZ_0kuMeOyH01929TJKbJOWrWSqkwuiN0mk8qHxQ78PPt8NTlnXYsE5hAH1cxhvrLCl6IspRLBO2UQkIVcexWMTpV3znJvlTSjoDIrrc0zoXla2txwldpsF1bn1Ty8hUQhdxmXymDGcVT2zHqTZ7os3TgIhC1yAMOlzwrX1Q-nNha_isgjuC7IywV5uWi9PIBP_RO3be2MJ2y3yau9XefQAewvp6XogmtRRLFPCznCMX3sb2NYkNZh5qFq0EaSzC8RjDxlg18JwqGRfvf_t3-Al-dX36fF9Mvs2x6s03DbvY77sFrfNeEA1tx9fbO4ex-_xL8Qedj1 |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Low-Complexity+Soft-Output+Decoding+of+Polar+Codes&rft.jtitle=IEEE+journal+on+selected+areas+in+communications&rft.au=Fayyaz%2C+Ubaid+U&rft.au=Barry%2C+John+R&rft.date=2014-05-01&rft.issn=0733-8716&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=958&rft.epage=966&rft_id=info:doi/10.1109%2FJSAC.2014.140515&rft.externalDBID=NO_FULL_TEXT |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0733-8716&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0733-8716&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0733-8716&client=summon |