Soil microbial community response to land-management and depth, related to the degradation of organic matter in English wetlands: Implications for the in situ preservation of archaeological remains
Wetlands are important habitats not only for their unique ecological value but also because they contain organic material that is fundamental to our understanding of precedent landscape and human past. This study compares the effects of two different land-management regimes on metabolic diversity an...
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| Published in: | Applied soil ecology : a section of Agriculture, ecosystems & environment Vol. 44; no. 3; pp. 219 - 227 |
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| Main Authors: | , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Kidlington
Elsevier B.V
01.03.2010
[Amsterdam]: Elsevier Science Elsevier |
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| ISSN: | 0929-1393, 1873-0272 |
| Online Access: | Get full text |
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| Abstract | Wetlands are important habitats not only for their unique ecological value but also because they contain organic material that is fundamental to our understanding of precedent landscape and human past. This study compares the effects of two different land-management regimes on metabolic diversity and bacterial community structure with depth in order to relate them to the process of organic matter degradation and the potential for preservation
in situ of organic archaeological artefacts in wetland soils. Soil cores were collected at five depths down to 100
cm from two wetlands sites in England. Environmental variables were monitored and the metabolic capabilities of the microbial community were studied using Biolog Ecoplates
®. DNA was extracted from soil, and the bacterial community structure was examined by polymerase chain reaction followed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE). To determine compositional changes in the bacterial community with depth, information about specific groups of bacteria at the site with higher water table (Hatfield Moor) was obtained by cloning and sequencing of 16S rRNA genes. Biolog and DGGE analyses showed depth variation and between-site variation. Carbon substrate utilization and bacterial diversity decreased with increasing depth. The wetland soil under an arable regime in which the water levels were kept elevated, showed higher metabolic capability and bacterial richness when compared with the soil under pasture and subjected to long-standing drainage. Cloning and sequencing showed that
Proteobacteria and
Acidobacteria were the predominant taxa within the soil profile, but there was a clear shift in bacterial community composition with increasing depth as several taxonomic groups (
δ-Proteobacteria and
Spirochaetes) were only detectable at 50
cm depth. Because the site with a high and stable water table presented higher metabolic activity and bacterial diversity, it may be that saturated conditions and a high water table are not sufficient to guarantee the preservation
in situ of organic material such as archaeological artefacts. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Wetlands are important habitats not only for their unique ecological value but also because they contain organic material that is fundamental to our understanding of precedent landscape and human past. This study compares the effects of two different land-management regimes on metabolic diversity and bacterial community structure with depth in order to relate them to the process of organic matter degradation and the potential for preservation
in situ of organic archaeological artefacts in wetland soils. Soil cores were collected at five depths down to 100
cm from two wetlands sites in England. Environmental variables were monitored and the metabolic capabilities of the microbial community were studied using Biolog Ecoplates
®. DNA was extracted from soil, and the bacterial community structure was examined by polymerase chain reaction followed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE). To determine compositional changes in the bacterial community with depth, information about specific groups of bacteria at the site with higher water table (Hatfield Moor) was obtained by cloning and sequencing of 16S rRNA genes. Biolog and DGGE analyses showed depth variation and between-site variation. Carbon substrate utilization and bacterial diversity decreased with increasing depth. The wetland soil under an arable regime in which the water levels were kept elevated, showed higher metabolic capability and bacterial richness when compared with the soil under pasture and subjected to long-standing drainage. Cloning and sequencing showed that
Proteobacteria and
Acidobacteria were the predominant taxa within the soil profile, but there was a clear shift in bacterial community composition with increasing depth as several taxonomic groups (
δ-Proteobacteria and
Spirochaetes) were only detectable at 50
cm depth. Because the site with a high and stable water table presented higher metabolic activity and bacterial diversity, it may be that saturated conditions and a high water table are not sufficient to guarantee the preservation
in situ of organic material such as archaeological artefacts. Wetlands are important habitats not only for their unique ecological value but also because they contain organic material that is fundamental to our understanding of precedent landscape and human past. This study compares the effects of two different land-management regimes on metabolic diversity and bacterial community structure with depth in order to relate them to the process of organic matter degradation and the potential for preservation in situ of organic archaeological artefacts in wetland soils. Soil cores were collected at five depths down to 100cm from two wetlands sites in England. Environmental variables were monitored and the metabolic capabilities of the microbial community were studied using Biolog Ecoplates®. DNA was extracted from soil, and the bacterial community structure was examined by polymerase chain reaction followed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE). To determine compositional changes in the bacterial community with depth, information about specific groups of bacteria at the site with higher water table (Hatfield Moor) was obtained by cloning and sequencing of 16S rRNA genes. Biolog and DGGE analyses showed depth variation and between-site variation. Carbon substrate utilization and bacterial diversity decreased with increasing depth. The wetland soil under an arable regime in which the water levels were kept elevated, showed higher metabolic capability and bacterial richness when compared with the soil under pasture and subjected to long-standing drainage. Cloning and sequencing showed that Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria were the predominant taxa within the soil profile, but there was a clear shift in bacterial community composition with increasing depth as several taxonomic groups (δ-Proteobacteria and Spirochaetes) were only detectable at 50cm depth. Because the site with a high and stable water table presented higher metabolic activity and bacterial diversity, it may be that saturated conditions and a high water table are not sufficient to guarantee the preservation in situ of organic material such as archaeological artefacts. Wetlands are important habitats not only for their unique ecological value but also because they contain organic material that is fundamental to our understanding of precedent landscape and human past. This study compares the effects of two different land-management regimes on metabolic diversity and bacterial community structure with depth in order to relate them to the process of organic matter degradation and the potential for preservation in situ of organic archaeological artefacts in wetland soils. Soil cores were collected at five depths down to 100 cm from two wetlands sites in England. Environmental variables were monitored and the metabolic capabilities of the microbial community were studied using Biolog Ecoplates. DNA was extracted from soil, and the bacterial community structure was examined by polymerase chain reaction followed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE). To determine compositional changes in the bacterial community with depth, information about specific groups of bacteria at the site with higher water table (Hatfield Moor) was obtained by cloning and sequencing of 16S rRNA genes. Biolog and DGGE analyses showed depth variation and between-site variation. Carbon substrate utilization and bacterial diversity decreased with increasing depth. The wetland soil under an arable regime in which the water levels were kept elevated, showed higher metabolic capability and bacterial richness when compared with the soil under pasture and subjected to long-standing drainage. Cloning and sequencing showed that Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria were the predominant taxa within the soil profile, but there was a clear shift in bacterial community composition with increasing depth as several taxonomic groups (d-Proteobacteria and Spirochaetes) were only detectable at 50 cm depth. Because the site with a high and stable water table presented higher metabolic activity and bacterial diversity, it may be that saturated conditions and a high water table are not sufficient to guarantee the preservation in situ of organic material such as archaeological artefacts. |
| Author | Douterelo, Isabel Lillie, Malcolm Goulder, Raymond |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Isabel surname: Douterelo fullname: Douterelo, Isabel email: I.Douterelo@warwick.ac.uk, idouterelo_soler@hotmail.com organization: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK – sequence: 2 givenname: Raymond surname: Goulder fullname: Goulder, Raymond organization: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK – sequence: 3 givenname: Malcolm surname: Lillie fullname: Lillie, Malcolm organization: Department of Geography, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK |
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| Keywords | Organic matter degradation Bacterial diversity Biolog Cloning–sequencing Archaeological remains DGGE Wetlands Microbial activity Organic matter Preservation In situ Biodiversity Environmental management Degradation Cloning-sequencing English Archaeology Soils Land management Bacteria Molecular cloning Sequencing Wetland Microbial community |
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| SubjectTerms | Acidobacteria agricultural soils Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions Archaeological remains Bacterial diversity Biochemistry and biology biodegradation Biolog Biological and medical sciences Chemical, physicochemical, biochemical and biological properties Cloning–sequencing community structure denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis DGGE DNA fingerprinting England Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology gel electrophoresis habitats microbial activity Microbiology Organic matter Organic matter degradation paleontology pastures Physics, chemistry, biochemistry and biology of agricultural and forest soils polymerase chain reaction Proteobacteria ribosomal RNA soil bacteria soil depth soil ecology soil organic matter Soil science soil water content species diversity Spirochaeta water table wetland soils Wetlands |
| Title | Soil microbial community response to land-management and depth, related to the degradation of organic matter in English wetlands: Implications for the in situ preservation of archaeological remains |
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