Direct and indirect impacts of climate change on forests: three case studies from British Columbia

Climate is an important driver of forest dynamics. In this paper, we present three case studies from the forests of British Columbia to illustrate the direct and indirect effects of climatic variation and global warming on forest composition and function. (1) Tree mortality rates in old forests of w...

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Vydáno v:	Canadian journal of plant pathology Ročník 33; číslo 2; s. 108 - 116
Hlavní autoři:	Daniels, Lori D, Maertens, Thomas B, Stan, Amanda B, McCloskey, Shane P. J, Cochrane, Jed D, Gray, Robert W
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	Philadelphia Taylor & Francis 11.04.2011 Taylor & Francis Ltd
Témata:	Alaska basal area British Columbia Case studies Climate change climate variation Climatic conditions climatic factors coastal forests cold cyprès jaune death decline dendroctone du pin ponderosa Dendroctonus ponderosae disturbance regimes dépérissement de la forêt Ecological effects Environmental impact Extreme cold Extreme weather fire regimes fires forest decline Forest ecosystems Forests forêts anciennes forêts côtières forêts de montagne Global warming humans insects Land use montane forests mort des arbres Mortality mortality rates Mountain forests mountain pine beetle old forests pathogens roots régimes d'incendies régimes de perturbation stand basal area storms taux de mortalité temperature tree deaths tree mortality Trees variation climatique wind yellow-cedar Alaska British Columbia Canada, British Columbia INE, USA, Alaska
ISSN:	1715-2992, 0706-0661, 1715-2992
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Shrnutí:	Climate is an important driver of forest dynamics. In this paper, we present three case studies from the forests of British Columbia to illustrate the direct and indirect effects of climatic variation and global warming on forest composition and function. (1) Tree mortality rates in old forests of western North America have doubled in recent decades. Regional warming and water deficits directly affected tree death rates or indirectly increased insect and pathogen activity and wind storms causing tree deaths. Concurrently, tree density and basal area declined significantly, indicating lagged growth responses of surviving trees or long-term decline of these forests. (2) Yellow-cedar decline along coastal British Columbia and Alaska shows that small changes in average climatic conditions, coupled with extreme weather events, can have large ecological effects. A small persistent increase in mean temperatures has reduced snow-cover depth and duration. Coupled with extreme cold events which damage unprotected tree roots, these climatic changes are considered the primary cause of widespread yellow-cedar mortality. (3) Interactions between climate and disturbance are complex in the mountain forests of the East Kootenay region. Understanding historic climate–fire interactions is key to anticipating future frequent and severe fires. Here, climate change effects may be exacerbated by the cumulative effects of human land use, fire exclusion and mountain pine beetle outbreaks. We conclude that understanding past climate variation and its effects on forests help us to anticipate the potential effects of global warming.
Bibliografie:	http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07060661.2011.563906 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-1 content type line 14 ObjectType-Article-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	1715-2992 0706-0661 1715-2992
DOI:	10.1080/07060661.2011.563906