Brain stimulation enhances dispositional mindfulness in PTSD: an exploratory sham-controlled rTMS trial

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is characterized by hypervigilance, intrusive thoughts, negative mood, and avoidant behaviors. Therapies involving mindfulness have been shown to reduce PTSD symptoms and modulate brain function. Pharmacological and brain stimulation interventions are also effec...

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Veröffentlicht in:Frontiers in psychiatry Jg. 16; S. 1494567
Hauptverfasser: Rayani, Kaveh, Grabovac, Andrea, Chan, Peter, Montgomery, Stefanie, Ghovanloo, Mohammad-Reza, Sacchet, Matthew D.
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Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: Switzerland Frontiers Media S.A 29.04.2025
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Abstract Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is characterized by hypervigilance, intrusive thoughts, negative mood, and avoidant behaviors. Therapies involving mindfulness have been shown to reduce PTSD symptoms and modulate brain function. Pharmacological and brain stimulation interventions are also effective for treating PTSD. Non-invasive repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) has been shown to regulate mood and improve PTSD symptoms. This is a retrospective chart analysis of data collected pre-treatment, post-treatment, and at three-month follow-up in a single-site, double-blind, sham-controlled trial of right DLPFC rTMS. 31 participants diagnosed with PTSD were recruited for this pilot study. Over two weeks, 19 participants received ten sessions of either 1 Hz or 10 Hz stimulation, and nine received sham treatment. Participants in the rTMS group had a significant reduction in total Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) scores from baseline to post-treatment, this difference was no longer observed when a false discovery rate (FDR) correction was applied. However, a significant improvement was observed in the rTMS group from baseline to the three-month follow-up in total FFMQ score and nonreactivity. This change in mindfulness scores suggests a potential delay in onset of benefits. Based on our preliminary data, rTMS may improve levels of dispositional mindfulness and its specific subcomponents. Future studies could investigate brain stimulation to assess its utility for improving mindfulness and related health outcomes to reduce suffering related to PTSD. Moreover, application of this neurostimulation modality for improving mental illness and well-being more generally merits further exploration. https://clinicaltrials.gov/study, identifier NCT01806168.
AbstractList Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is characterized by hypervigilance, intrusive thoughts, negative mood, and avoidant behaviors. Therapies involving mindfulness have been shown to reduce PTSD symptoms and modulate brain function. Pharmacological and brain stimulation interventions are also effective for treating PTSD. Non-invasive repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) has been shown to regulate mood and improve PTSD symptoms.ObjectivePost-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is characterized by hypervigilance, intrusive thoughts, negative mood, and avoidant behaviors. Therapies involving mindfulness have been shown to reduce PTSD symptoms and modulate brain function. Pharmacological and brain stimulation interventions are also effective for treating PTSD. Non-invasive repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) has been shown to regulate mood and improve PTSD symptoms.This is a retrospective chart analysis of data collected pre-treatment, post-treatment, and at three-month follow-up in a single-site, double-blind, sham-controlled trial of right DLPFC rTMS. 31 participants diagnosed with PTSD were recruited for this pilot study. Over two weeks, 19 participants received ten sessions of either 1 Hz or 10 Hz stimulation, and nine received sham treatment.MethodsThis is a retrospective chart analysis of data collected pre-treatment, post-treatment, and at three-month follow-up in a single-site, double-blind, sham-controlled trial of right DLPFC rTMS. 31 participants diagnosed with PTSD were recruited for this pilot study. Over two weeks, 19 participants received ten sessions of either 1 Hz or 10 Hz stimulation, and nine received sham treatment.Participants in the rTMS group had a significant reduction in total Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) scores from baseline to post-treatment, this difference was no longer observed when a false discovery rate (FDR) correction was applied. However, a significant improvement was observed in the rTMS group from baseline to the three-month follow-up in total FFMQ score and nonreactivity. This change in mindfulness scores suggests a potential delay in onset of benefits.ResultsParticipants in the rTMS group had a significant reduction in total Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) scores from baseline to post-treatment, this difference was no longer observed when a false discovery rate (FDR) correction was applied. However, a significant improvement was observed in the rTMS group from baseline to the three-month follow-up in total FFMQ score and nonreactivity. This change in mindfulness scores suggests a potential delay in onset of benefits.Based on our preliminary data, rTMS may improve levels of dispositional mindfulness and its specific subcomponents. Future studies could investigate brain stimulation to assess its utility for improving mindfulness and related health outcomes to reduce suffering related to PTSD. Moreover, application of this neurostimulation modality for improving mental illness and well-being more generally merits further exploration.ConclusionsBased on our preliminary data, rTMS may improve levels of dispositional mindfulness and its specific subcomponents. Future studies could investigate brain stimulation to assess its utility for improving mindfulness and related health outcomes to reduce suffering related to PTSD. Moreover, application of this neurostimulation modality for improving mental illness and well-being more generally merits further exploration.https://clinicaltrials.gov/study, identifier NCT01806168.Clinical trial registrationhttps://clinicaltrials.gov/study, identifier NCT01806168.
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is characterized by hypervigilance, intrusive thoughts, negative mood, and avoidant behaviors. Therapies involving mindfulness have been shown to reduce PTSD symptoms and modulate brain function. Pharmacological and brain stimulation interventions are also effective for treating PTSD. Non-invasive repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) has been shown to regulate mood and improve PTSD symptoms. This is a retrospective chart analysis of data collected pre-treatment, post-treatment, and at three-month follow-up in a single-site, double-blind, sham-controlled trial of right DLPFC rTMS. 31 participants diagnosed with PTSD were recruited for this pilot study. Over two weeks, 19 participants received ten sessions of either 1 Hz or 10 Hz stimulation, and nine received sham treatment. Participants in the rTMS group had a significant reduction in total Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) scores from baseline to post-treatment, this difference was no longer observed when a false discovery rate (FDR) correction was applied. However, a significant improvement was observed in the rTMS group from baseline to the three-month follow-up in total FFMQ score and nonreactivity. This change in mindfulness scores suggests a potential delay in onset of benefits. Based on our preliminary data, rTMS may improve levels of dispositional mindfulness and its specific subcomponents. Future studies could investigate brain stimulation to assess its utility for improving mindfulness and related health outcomes to reduce suffering related to PTSD. Moreover, application of this neurostimulation modality for improving mental illness and well-being more generally merits further exploration. https://clinicaltrials.gov/study, identifier NCT01806168.
ObjectivePost-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is characterized by hypervigilance, intrusive thoughts, negative mood, and avoidant behaviors. Therapies involving mindfulness have been shown to reduce PTSD symptoms and modulate brain function. Pharmacological and brain stimulation interventions are also effective for treating PTSD. Non-invasive repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) has been shown to regulate mood and improve PTSD symptoms.MethodsThis is a retrospective chart analysis of data collected pre-treatment, post-treatment, and at three-month follow-up in a single-site, double-blind, sham-controlled trial of right DLPFC rTMS. 31 participants diagnosed with PTSD were recruited for this pilot study. Over two weeks, 19 participants received ten sessions of either 1 Hz or 10 Hz stimulation, and nine received sham treatment.ResultsParticipants in the rTMS group had a significant reduction in total Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) scores from baseline to post-treatment, this difference was no longer observed when a false discovery rate (FDR) correction was applied. However, a significant improvement was observed in the rTMS group from baseline to the three-month follow-up in total FFMQ score and nonreactivity. This change in mindfulness scores suggests a potential delay in onset of benefits.ConclusionsBased on our preliminary data, rTMS may improve levels of dispositional mindfulness and its specific subcomponents. Future studies could investigate brain stimulation to assess its utility for improving mindfulness and related health outcomes to reduce suffering related to PTSD. Moreover, application of this neurostimulation modality for improving mental illness and well-being more generally merits further exploration.Clinical trial registrationhttps://clinicaltrials.gov/study, identifier NCT01806168.
Author Chan, Peter
Ghovanloo, Mohammad-Reza
Grabovac, Andrea
Sacchet, Matthew D.
Montgomery, Stefanie
Rayani, Kaveh
AuthorAffiliation 2 Neurostimulation Program, Vancouver General Hospital , Vancouver, BC , Canada
3 Department of Neurology, Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, CT , United States
1 Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC , Canada
4 Department of Psychiatry, Meditation Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , United States
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 4 Department of Psychiatry, Meditation Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , United States
– name: 2 Neurostimulation Program, Vancouver General Hospital , Vancouver, BC , Canada
– name: 1 Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC , Canada
– name: 3 Department of Neurology, Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, CT , United States
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Kaveh
  surname: Rayani
  fullname: Rayani, Kaveh
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Andrea
  surname: Grabovac
  fullname: Grabovac, Andrea
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Peter
  surname: Chan
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  givenname: Matthew D.
  surname: Sacchet
  fullname: Sacchet, Matthew D.
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Keywords PTSD
FFMQ
dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
rTMS
mindfulness
Language English
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Edited by: Di Zhao, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
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Snippet Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is characterized by hypervigilance, intrusive thoughts, negative mood, and avoidant behaviors. Therapies involving...
ObjectivePost-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is characterized by hypervigilance, intrusive thoughts, negative mood, and avoidant behaviors. Therapies...
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SubjectTerms dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
FFMQ
mindfulness
Psychiatry
PTSD
rTMS
Title Brain stimulation enhances dispositional mindfulness in PTSD: an exploratory sham-controlled rTMS trial
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40365001
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