The Coupled Model Intercomparison Project: History, uses, and structural effects on climate research
The results of the sixth phase of the coupled model intercomparison project (CMIP) are currently being analyzed and will form the basis of the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report. Since its creation in the mid‐1990s, CMIP has had an increasing influence on climate research. While the principle behind it ha...
Saved in:
| Published in: | Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Climate change Vol. 11; no. 4; pp. e648 - n/a |
|---|---|
| Main Authors: | , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Hoboken, USA
John Wiley & Sons, Inc
01.07.2020
Wiley Subscription Services, Inc Wiley |
| Subjects: | |
| ISSN: | 1757-7780, 1757-7799, 1757-7799 |
| Online Access: | Get full text |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| Abstract | The results of the sixth phase of the coupled model intercomparison project (CMIP) are currently being analyzed and will form the basis of the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report. Since its creation in the mid‐1990s, CMIP has had an increasing influence on climate research. While the principle behind it has always remained the same—comparing different climate models under similar conditions—its design and motivations have evolved significantly over the phases of the project. This evolution is closely linked to that of the IPCC since, historically as well as today, the results of CMIP have played a major role in the Panel's reports. This role increased the visibility of CMIP. Over time, more and more people started to be interested in CMIP and to analyze its results. Despite this success, the way CMIP is used today raises methodological issues. In fact, CMIP has promoted a particular way of doing climate research, centered on a single tool–Global Coupled Models (GCMs)–and creating a gap between model developers and model users. Due to the debates regarding the interpretation of multi‐model ensembles and the validation of GCMs, whether the emphasis on this particular way of studying climate is serving the progress of climate science is questionable.
This article is categorized under:
Climate Models and Modeling > Knowledge Generation with Models
The Coupled Model Intercomparison Project is at the core of climate research. However, its value for climate research as well as for policy guidance has not been enough subject to an explicit debate. Credit: World Climate Research Programme |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | The results of the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) are currently being analysed and will form the basis of the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report. Since its creation in the mid-1990s, CMIP has had an increasing influence on climate research. While the principle behind it has always remained the same-comparing different climate models under similar conditions-its design and motivations have evolved significantly over the phases of the project. This evolution is closely linked to the one of the IPCC, since, historically as well as today, the results of CMIP have played a major role in the panel reports. This role increased the visibility of CMIP-over time, more and more people started to be interested in CMIP and to analyze its results. Despite this success, the way CMIP is used today raises methodological issues. In fact, CMIP has promoted a particular way of doing climate research, centred on a single tool, Global Coupled Models (GCMs), and creating a gap between model developers and model users. Due to the debates regarding the interpretation of multi-model ensembles and the validation of GCMs, whether the emphasis on this particular way of studying climate is serving the progress of climate science is questionable. The results of the sixth phase of the coupled model intercomparison project (CMIP) are currently being analyzed and will form the basis of the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report. Since its creation in the mid‐1990s, CMIP has had an increasing influence on climate research. While the principle behind it has always remained the same—comparing different climate models under similar conditions—its design and motivations have evolved significantly over the phases of the project. This evolution is closely linked to that of the IPCC since, historically as well as today, the results of CMIP have played a major role in the Panel's reports. This role increased the visibility of CMIP. Over time, more and more people started to be interested in CMIP and to analyze its results. Despite this success, the way CMIP is used today raises methodological issues. In fact, CMIP has promoted a particular way of doing climate research, centered on a single tool–Global Coupled Models (GCMs)–and creating a gap between model developers and model users. Due to the debates regarding the interpretation of multi‐model ensembles and the validation of GCMs, whether the emphasis on this particular way of studying climate is serving the progress of climate science is questionable.This article is categorized under:Climate Models and Modeling > Knowledge Generation with Models The results of the sixth phase of the coupled model intercomparison project (CMIP) are currently being analyzed and will form the basis of the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report. Since its creation in the mid‐1990s, CMIP has had an increasing influence on climate research. While the principle behind it has always remained the same—comparing different climate models under similar conditions—its design and motivations have evolved significantly over the phases of the project. This evolution is closely linked to that of the IPCC since, historically as well as today, the results of CMIP have played a major role in the Panel's reports. This role increased the visibility of CMIP. Over time, more and more people started to be interested in CMIP and to analyze its results. Despite this success, the way CMIP is used today raises methodological issues. In fact, CMIP has promoted a particular way of doing climate research, centered on a single tool–Global Coupled Models (GCMs)–and creating a gap between model developers and model users. Due to the debates regarding the interpretation of multi‐model ensembles and the validation of GCMs, whether the emphasis on this particular way of studying climate is serving the progress of climate science is questionable. This article is categorized under: Climate Models and Modeling > Knowledge Generation with Models The results of the sixth phase of the coupled model intercomparison project (CMIP) are currently being analyzed and will form the basis of the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report. Since its creation in the mid‐1990s, CMIP has had an increasing influence on climate research. While the principle behind it has always remained the same—comparing different climate models under similar conditions—its design and motivations have evolved significantly over the phases of the project. This evolution is closely linked to that of the IPCC since, historically as well as today, the results of CMIP have played a major role in the Panel's reports. This role increased the visibility of CMIP. Over time, more and more people started to be interested in CMIP and to analyze its results. Despite this success, the way CMIP is used today raises methodological issues. In fact, CMIP has promoted a particular way of doing climate research, centered on a single tool–Global Coupled Models (GCMs)–and creating a gap between model developers and model users. Due to the debates regarding the interpretation of multi‐model ensembles and the validation of GCMs, whether the emphasis on this particular way of studying climate is serving the progress of climate science is questionable. This article is categorized under: Climate Models and Modeling > Knowledge Generation with Models The Coupled Model Intercomparison Project is at the core of climate research. However, its value for climate research as well as for policy guidance has not been enough subject to an explicit debate. Credit: World Climate Research Programme |
| Author | Touzé‐Peiffer, Ludovic Le Treut, Hervé Barberousse, Anouk |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Ludovic orcidid: 0000-0001-5941-3289 surname: Touzé‐Peiffer fullname: Touzé‐Peiffer, Ludovic email: ludovic.touze-peiffer@lmd.jussieu.fr organization: ENS, PSL Université, École polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, CNRS – sequence: 2 givenname: Anouk surname: Barberousse fullname: Barberousse, Anouk organization: Sorbonne Université – sequence: 3 givenname: Hervé surname: Le Treut fullname: Le Treut, Hervé organization: ENS, PSL Université, École polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, CNRS |
| BackLink | https://hal.sorbonne-universite.fr/hal-02878751$$DView record in HAL |
| BookMark | eNp10E9LwzAYBvAgE5w6_AoBDyJaTdIuf7xJUSdM9KB4DFn6lnV0zUxSZd_ejKkHxVwSwu99eXj20aBzHSB0RMkFJYRdflh7wQu5g4ZUjEUmhFKDn7cke2gUwoKkkzMpZTFE1fMccOn6VQsVfnAVtPi-i-CtW66Mb4Lr8JN3C7DxCk-aEJ1fn-M-QDjHpqtwiL63sfemxVDXSQWcJmzbLE0E7CGA8XZ-iHZr0wYYfd0H6OX25rmcZNPHu_vyeprZgjGZMVVzBcALRZURqshn-czWDNhMjikvDFeMFJxxWjNiBHAGfAaVFaAgr3kO-QE63e6dm1avfArh19qZRk-up3rzR5gUUozpO032eGtX3r31EKJeuN53KZ5mBaVjQgRnSWVbZb0LwUOtbRNNbFwXvWlaTYne9K5T7zr1nvzJL_8d468828qPpoX1f0y_luVGfwIsy5G1 |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1002_joc_7740 crossref_primary_10_1002_joc_8653 crossref_primary_10_1002_joc_8677 crossref_primary_10_1002_lom3_10655 crossref_primary_10_3390_hydrology12050117 crossref_primary_10_1155_2020_8881118 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_scitotenv_2021_148323 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11069_025_07491_x crossref_primary_10_3390_atmos15040434 crossref_primary_10_1029_2024EF004540 crossref_primary_10_1007_s13194_023_00522_z crossref_primary_10_1016_j_envsoft_2021_105287 crossref_primary_10_3390_atmos14091429 crossref_primary_10_1029_2022MS003588 crossref_primary_10_2166_wcc_2024_393 crossref_primary_10_3390_cli11050100 crossref_primary_10_1002_adsu_202400097 crossref_primary_10_3390_su17052297 crossref_primary_10_3390_agriculture15080826 crossref_primary_10_3390_buildings14020372 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_energy_2025_136564 crossref_primary_10_1515_eng_2022_0567 crossref_primary_10_5194_bg_22_975_2025 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_tifs_2021_07_041 crossref_primary_10_1029_2024GL114203 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_gr_2025_08_004 crossref_primary_10_3390_su17177686 crossref_primary_10_1002_joc_7973 crossref_primary_10_5194_gmd_18_2639_2025 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11600_024_01429_w crossref_primary_10_1002_joc_70101 crossref_primary_10_1029_2021GL093197 crossref_primary_10_3390_su17125306 crossref_primary_10_2166_wcc_2022_170 crossref_primary_10_1002_joc_8526 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_atmosres_2022_106554 crossref_primary_10_3847_PSJ_ad5830 crossref_primary_10_1111_nyas_15063 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_scitotenv_2023_166820 crossref_primary_10_2166_wcc_2022_224 crossref_primary_10_1155_2022_6953306 crossref_primary_10_3390_w15223895 |
| Cites_doi | 10.1175/1520-0493(1978)106<1245:FIFTNW>2.0.CO;2 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00635.1 10.1029/2011JD016821 10.1175/BAMS-D-15-00135.1 10.1175/2008BAMS2759.1 10.1016/j.shpsb.2010.07.001 10.1029/2018RG000607 10.1007/s10584-014-1176-2 10.1002/qj.2379 10.2307/2026523 10.1002/jame.20027 10.1007/s00382-012-1343-y 10.1175/1520-0477-69.1.40 10.1007/s00382-013-1774-0 10.1029/2011GL046864 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195328318.003.0012 10.1002/2015GL063659 10.1098/rsta.2007.2073 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00094.1 10.1175/1520-0469(1969)026<0786:CCWACO>2.0.CO;2 10.1175/1520-0477(1999)080<0029:AOOTRO>2.0.CO;2 10.1086/661566 10.1007/s00382-013-1677-0 10.1007/978-94-007-6692-1_14 10.1175/2009BAMS2752.1 10.1007/s10584-010-9800-2 10.1175/JAS-D-12-0336.1 10.1175/BAMS-86-1-89 10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00241.1 10.1023/A:1005310109968 10.1002/jame.20016 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00599.1 10.1175/1520-0469(1975)032<0003:TEODTC>2.0.CO;2 10.1175/1520-0493(1976)104<0817:ACSCOT>2.0.CO;2 10.1175/1520-0477(1992)073<1962:ATAMIP>2.0.CO;2 10.1002/qj.1923 10.4236/ajcc.2013.23017 10.1007/s10546-010-9478-z 10.1175/1520-0493(1984)112<0909:APIOTS>2.0.CO;2 10.1073/pnas.1906691116 10.1007/s10584-015-1435-x 10.1029/2012GL052759 10.1175/1520-0485(1980)010<1887:AGCEWA>2.0.CO;2 10.1029/2019MS001621 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.02.041 10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00613.1 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00437.1 10.1002/grl.50256 10.1175/2009JCLI3361.1 10.1007/s00376-014-4053-z 10.1002/2015GL064291 10.5194/gmd-9-1937-2016 10.1007/s00376-012-2187-4 10.1515/9780691233857 10.1007/978-3-319-70766-2_41 10.1175/BAMS-88-9-1383 10.1002/2016GL072012 10.1029/97EO00276 10.3402/tellusa.v66.22617 10.1098/rsta.2007.2076 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Attribution |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. – notice: 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC. – notice: Attribution |
| DBID | AAYXX CITATION 7ST 7TG 7U6 C1K KL. 1XC VOOES |
| DOI | 10.1002/wcc.648 |
| DatabaseName | CrossRef Environment Abstracts Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts Sustainability Science Abstracts Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic Hyper Article en Ligne (HAL) Hyper Article en Ligne (HAL) (Open Access) |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts Environment Abstracts Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic Sustainability Science Abstracts Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management |
| DatabaseTitleList | Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts CrossRef |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Meteorology & Climatology |
| EISSN | 1757-7799 |
| EndPage | n/a |
| ExternalDocumentID | oai:HAL:hal-02878751v1 10_1002_wcc_648 WCC648 |
| Genre | reviewArticle |
| GroupedDBID | 05W 0R~ 1OC 1VH 31~ 33P 4.4 5DZ 8-0 8-1 AAESR AAHBH AAHQN AAMNL AANHP AANLZ AASGY AAXRX AAYCA AAZKR ABCUV ACAHQ ACBWZ ACCZN ACGFS ACPOU ACRPL ACXBN ACXQS ACYXJ ADBBV ADEOM ADKYN ADMGS ADNMO ADOZA ADXAS ADZMN AEIGN AEUYR AEYWJ AFBPY AFFPM AFGKR AFWVQ AGHNM AGQPQ AGYGG AHBTC AITYG AIURR AJXKR ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS ALUQN ALVPJ AMYDB ASPBG AUFTA AVWKF AZFZN AZVAB BDRZF BFHJK BHBCM BMNLL BMXJE BRXPI DCZOG DRFUL DRSTM EBS ECGQY EDH EJD FEDTE G-S GODZA HGLYW HVGLF HZ~ L8X LATKE LEEKS LITHE LOXES LUTES LYRES MEWTI MRFUL MRSTM MSFUL MSSTM MXFUL MXSTM MY. MY~ O66 O9- P2W ROL SUPJJ WBKPD WIH WIK WOHZO WUPDE WXSBR WYISQ ZZTAW AAYXX BANNL CITATION LH4 7ST 7TG 7U6 C1K KL. 1XC VOOES |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c4228-29f69ee64919a7943b3bcf2e2b85164a692046261f20a7e62e6bedc7e9e3f63e3 |
| IEDL.DBID | DRFUL |
| ISICitedReferencesCount | 60 |
| ISICitedReferencesURI | http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=000527612500001&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| ISSN | 1757-7780 1757-7799 |
| IngestDate | Tue Oct 14 20:52:10 EDT 2025 Sat Jul 26 00:22:56 EDT 2025 Sat Nov 29 01:53:53 EST 2025 Tue Nov 18 21:25:08 EST 2025 Sun Jul 06 04:44:59 EDT 2025 |
| IsDoiOpenAccess | true |
| IsOpenAccess | true |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 4 |
| Keywords | numerical simulations epistemology IPCC climate models CMIP |
| Language | English |
| License | Attribution: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c4228-29f69ee64919a7943b3bcf2e2b85164a692046261f20a7e62e6bedc7e9e3f63e3 |
| Notes | Edited by Eduardo Zorita, Domain Editor, and Mike Hulme, Editor‐in‐Chief ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-5941-3289 |
| OpenAccessLink | https://hal.sorbonne-universite.fr/hal-02878751 |
| PQID | 2411500762 |
| PQPubID | 2034595 |
| PageCount | 15 |
| ParticipantIDs | hal_primary_oai_HAL_hal_02878751v1 proquest_journals_2411500762 crossref_citationtrail_10_1002_wcc_648 crossref_primary_10_1002_wcc_648 wiley_primary_10_1002_wcc_648_WCC648 |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | July/August 2020 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2020-07-01 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 07 year: 2020 text: July/August 2020 |
| PublicationDecade | 2020 |
| PublicationPlace | Hoboken, USA |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: Hoboken, USA – name: Oxford |
| PublicationTitle | Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Climate change |
| PublicationYear | 2020 |
| Publisher | John Wiley & Sons, Inc Wiley Subscription Services, Inc Wiley |
| Publisher_xml | – name: John Wiley & Sons, Inc – name: Wiley Subscription Services, Inc – name: Wiley |
| References | 2015; 141 2013; 26 2013; 2 2019; 11 2017; 44 2019; 57 2010; 102 1995; 76 2015; 32 2014; 27 1975 1999; 80 2013; 5 2014; 66 2010; 23 2001 1990 2000 1984; 112 2015; 42 2009; 90 2015; 132 2019; 116 1978; 106 2014; 95 2012; 138 2014; 125 2007; 365 2012 2010 2013; 40 1976; 104 2013; 41 1954 2008 2005; 86 2006 2011; 78 2012; 39 1985; 82 1992 1975; 32 2011; 38 2010; 41 1992; 73 2014; 42 1998; 38 2012; 93 2015; 28 1988; 69 2017; 98 2013; 30 1997; 78 2010; 135 1980; 10 2019 2018 2008; 215 2015 1969; 26 2014 2013 2007; 88 2012; 117 2014; 71 2016; 9 Houghton J. (e_1_2_12_18_1) 1992 e_1_2_12_2_1 e_1_2_12_17_1 e_1_2_12_38_1 Houghton J. (e_1_2_12_4_1) 2001 Pirtle Z. (e_1_2_12_57_1) 2010 e_1_2_12_20_1 e_1_2_12_41_1 e_1_2_12_66_1 e_1_2_12_22_1 e_1_2_12_43_1 e_1_2_12_64_1 e_1_2_12_24_1 e_1_2_12_45_1 e_1_2_12_26_1 e_1_2_12_68_1 e_1_2_12_62_1 e_1_2_12_60_1 e_1_2_12_28_1 e_1_2_12_49_1 e_1_2_12_52_1 e_1_2_12_77_1 Houghton J. (e_1_2_12_14_1) 2001 e_1_2_12_33_1 e_1_2_12_54_1 Pitt J. (e_1_2_12_58_1) 2000 e_1_2_12_35_1 e_1_2_12_56_1 e_1_2_12_37_1 e_1_2_12_12_1 e_1_2_12_8_1 e_1_2_12_10_1 e_1_2_12_73_1 e_1_2_12_50_1 e_1_2_12_71_1 e_1_2_12_3_1 e_1_2_12_5_1 Houghton J. (e_1_2_12_19_1) 1990 Meehl G. A. (e_1_2_12_42_1) 1995; 76 e_1_2_12_16_1 Knutti R. (e_1_2_12_31_1) 2017; 44 e_1_2_12_39_1 Nakicenovic N. (e_1_2_12_46_1) 2000 National Academy of Sciences (e_1_2_12_47_1) 1975 Winsberg E. (e_1_2_12_75_1) 2018 e_1_2_12_65_1 e_1_2_12_21_1 e_1_2_12_44_1 e_1_2_12_63_1 e_1_2_12_23_1 e_1_2_12_69_1 e_1_2_12_25_1 e_1_2_12_48_1 e_1_2_12_67_1 e_1_2_12_61_1 e_1_2_12_27_1 e_1_2_12_29_1 Houghton J. (e_1_2_12_40_1) 2001 e_1_2_12_30_1 e_1_2_12_53_1 e_1_2_12_76_1 e_1_2_12_32_1 e_1_2_12_55_1 e_1_2_12_74_1 Edwards P. N. (e_1_2_12_6_1) 2010 e_1_2_12_34_1 e_1_2_12_36_1 e_1_2_12_59_1 e_1_2_12_15_1 e_1_2_12_13_1 e_1_2_12_11_1 e_1_2_12_72_1 e_1_2_12_7_1 e_1_2_12_51_1 e_1_2_12_70_1 e_1_2_12_9_1 |
| References_xml | – volume: 42 start-page: 69 issue: 1 year: 2014 end-page: 81 article-title: On the persistent spread in snow‐albedo feedback publication-title: Climate Dynamics – start-page: 981 year: 2019 end-page: 1004 – volume: 40 start-page: 1194 issue: 6 year: 2013 end-page: 1199 article-title: Climate model genealogy: Generation CMIP5 and how we got there publication-title: Geophysical Research Letters – volume: 26 start-page: 7708 issue: 19 year: 2013 end-page: 7719 article-title: Decadal prediction of the Sahelian precipitation in CMIP5 simulations publication-title: Journal of Climate – volume: 41 start-page: 253 issue: 3 year: 2010 end-page: 262 article-title: Holism, entrenchment, and the future of climate model pluralism publication-title: Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B: Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics – year: 2001 – start-page: 196 year: 1975 end-page: 239 article-title: Survey of the climate simulation capability of global circulation models publication-title: Understanding Climatic Change – volume: 78 start-page: 579 issue: 4 year: 2011 end-page: 600 article-title: When climate models agree: The significance of robust model predictions publication-title: Philosophy of Science – volume: 80 start-page: 29 issue: 1 year: 1999 end-page: 56 article-title: An overview of the results of the atmospheric model intercomparison project (AMIP I) publication-title: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society – volume: 26 start-page: 786 year: 1969 end-page: 789 article-title: Climate calculations with a combined ocean‐atmosphere model publication-title: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences – volume: 95 start-page: 243 issue: 2 year: 2014 end-page: 267 article-title: Decadal climate prediction: An update from the trenches publication-title: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society – volume: 44 start-page: 1909 issue: 4 year: 2017 end-page: 1918 article-title: A climate model projection weighting scheme accounting for performance and interdependence publication-title: Geophysical Research Letters – volume: 112 start-page: 909 issue: 5 year: 1984 end-page: 917 article-title: A preliminary intercomparison of the seasonal response of two atmospheric climate models publication-title: Monthly Weather Review – volume: 9 start-page: 1937 issue: 5 year: 2016 end-page: 1958 article-title: Overview of the coupled model intercomparison project phase 6 (CMIP6) experimental design and organization publication-title: Geoscientific Model Development – year: 1990 – volume: 42 start-page: 3513 issue: 9 year: 2015 end-page: 3520 article-title: Robust signals of future projections of indian summer monsoon rainfall by IPCC AR5 climate models: Role of seasonal cycle and interannual variability publication-title: Geophysical Research Letters – volume: 76 issue: 6 year: 1995 article-title: Global coupled general circulation models publication-title: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society meeting summary – year: 2014 – volume: 39 year: 2012 article-title: Significant changes to ENSO strength and impacts in the twenty‐first century: Results from CMIP5 publication-title: Geophysical Research Letters – volume: 73 start-page: 1962 issue: 12 year: 1992 end-page: 1970 article-title: An AMS continuing series: Global change–AMIP: The atmospheric model intercomparison project publication-title: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society – volume: 5 start-page: 225 issue: 2 year: 2013 end-page: 233 article-title: Paths to accuracy for radiation parameterizations in atmospheric models publication-title: Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems – volume: 78 start-page: 445 issue: 41 year: 1997 end-page: 451 article-title: Intercomparison makes for a better climate model publication-title: Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union – volume: 82 start-page: 335 issue: 7 year: 1985 end-page: 349 article-title: Epistemic dependence publication-title: Journal of Philosophy – volume: 141 start-page: 580 issue: 687 year: 2015 end-page: 597 article-title: Prospects for decadal climate prediction in the Mediterranean region publication-title: Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society – volume: 10 start-page: 1887 issue: 12 year: 1980 end-page: 1908 article-title: A general circulation experiment with a coupled atmosphere, ocean and sea ice model publication-title: Journal of Physical Oceanography – volume: 5 start-page: 173 issue: 2 year: 2013 end-page: 194 article-title: Arctic Sea‐ice evolution as modeled by max Planck Institute for Meteorology's earth system model publication-title: Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems – volume: 32 start-page: 794 year: 2015 end-page: 806 article-title: Asian summer monsoon onset in simulations and CMIP5 projections using four Chinese climate models publication-title: Advances in Atmospheric Sciences – year: 2018 article-title: Philosophy and climate science publication-title: Cambridge University Press – year: 2008 – volume: 42 start-page: 5485 issue: 13 year: 2015 end-page: 5492 article-title: Radiative flux and forcing parameterization error in aerosol‐free clear skies publication-title: Geophysical Research Letters – volume: 69 start-page: 40 issue: 1 year: 1988 end-page: 48 article-title: Intercomparison of radiation codes in climate models (ICRCCM): Longwave clear‐sky results—A workshop summary publication-title: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society – volume: 98 start-page: 589 issue: 3 year: 2017 end-page: 602 article-title: The art and science of climate model tuning publication-title: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society – volume: 40 start-page: 2193 issue: 9 year: 2013 end-page: 2222 article-title: LMDZ5B: The atmospheric component of the IPSL climate model with revisited parameterizations for clouds and convection publication-title: Climate Dynamics – start-page: 391 year: 2013 end-page: 414 – volume: 11 start-page: 3074 issue: 10 year: 2019 end-page: 3089 article-title: Balancing accuracy, efficiency, and flexibility in radiation calculations for dynamical models publication-title: Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems – volume: 27 start-page: 7849 issue: 20 year: 2014 end-page: 7860 article-title: Robust forced response in south Asian summer monsoon in a future climate publication-title: Journal of Climate – volume: 102 start-page: 395 issue: 3 year: 2010 end-page: 404 article-title: The end of model democracy? publication-title: Climatic Change – year: 2015 – volume: 138 start-page: 841 issue: 665 year: 2012 end-page: 861 article-title: Towards the probabilistic earth‐system simulator: A vision for the future of climate and weather prediction publication-title: Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society – volume: 365 start-page: 2053 issue: 1857 year: 2007 end-page: 2075 article-title: The use of the multi‐model ensemble in probabilistic climate projections publication-title: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences – volume: 90 start-page: 175 issue: 2 year: 2009 end-page: 178 article-title: Strategies: Revolution in climate prediction is both necessary and possible: A declaration at the world modelling summit for climate prediction publication-title: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society – volume: 90 start-page: 1819 issue: 12 year: 2009 end-page: 1832 article-title: A unified modeling approach to climate system prediction publication-title: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society – volume: 116 start-page: 24,390 issue: 49 year: 2019 end-page: 24,395 article-title: The scientific challenge of understanding and estimating climate change publication-title: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences – volume: 66 start-page: 22,617 issue: 1 year: 2014 article-title: Multimodel estimates of the changes in the Baltic Sea ice cover during the present century publication-title: Tellus A: Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography – volume: 88 start-page: 1383 issue: 9 year: 2007 end-page: 1394 article-title: The WCRP CMIP3 multimodel dataset: A new era in climate change research publication-title: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society – year: 2000 – volume: 27 start-page: 2861 issue: 8 year: 2014 end-page: 2885 article-title: Cold tongue and warm pool ENSO events in CMIP5: Mean state and future projections publication-title: Journal of Climate – volume: 41 start-page: 2471 issue: 9 year: 2013 end-page: 2479 article-title: Quantifying global climate feedbacks, responses and forcing under abrupt and gradual CO2 forcing publication-title: Climate Dynamics – volume: 132 start-page: 475 issue: 4 year: 2015 end-page: 487 article-title: The future of climate modeling publication-title: Climatic Change – year: 1954 – volume: 106 start-page: 1245 issue: 9 year: 1978 end-page: 1279 article-title: Forecast intercomparisons from three numerical weather prediction models publication-title: Monthly Weather Review – year: 1992 – volume: 57 start-page: 250 issue: 2 year: 2019 end-page: 280 article-title: Model hierarchies for understanding atmospheric circulation publication-title: Reviews of Geophysics – year: 2010 – year: 2012 – volume: 215 start-page: 3 issue: 1 year: 2008 end-page: 9 article-title: Overview of the model types available for development of ecological models publication-title: Ecological Modelling – volume: 30 start-page: 790 issue: 3 year: 2013 end-page: 795 article-title: Poleward expansion of the Hadley circulation in CMIP5 simulations publication-title: Advances in Atmospheric Sciences – volume: 38 year: 2011 article-title: Climate model genealogy publication-title: Geophysical Research Letters – volume: 71 start-page: 496 issue: 2 year: 2014 end-page: 514 article-title: Deep convection triggering by boundary layer thermals. Part I: Les analysis and stochastic triggering formulation publication-title: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences – volume: 135 start-page: 469 issue: 3 year: 2010 end-page: 483 article-title: Resolved versus parametrized boundary‐layer plumes. Part II: Continuous formulations of mixing rates for mass‐flux schemes publication-title: Boundary‐Layer Meteorology – volume: 365 start-page: 2163 issue: 1857 year: 2007 end-page: 2177 article-title: Issues in the interpretation of climate model ensembles to inform decisions publication-title: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences – volume: 86 start-page: 89 year: 2005 end-page: 93 article-title: Overview of the coupled model intercomparison project publication-title: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society – year: 2006 – volume: 104 start-page: 817 issue: 7 year: 1976 end-page: 827 article-title: A case study comparison of the performance of operational prediction models used in the United States publication-title: Monthly Weather Review – volume: 28 start-page: 4390 issue: 11 year: 2015 end-page: 4413 article-title: Understanding uncertainties in future projections of seasonal tropical precipitation publication-title: Journal of Climate – volume: 117 start-page: 1 issue: D6 year: 2012 end-page: 19 article-title: The continual intercomparison of radiation codes: Results from phase I publication-title: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres – volume: 38 start-page: 159 year: 1998 end-page: 205 article-title: Uncertainty, complexity and concepts of good science in climate change modelling: Are GCMs the best tools? publication-title: Climatic Change – volume: 23 start-page: 2739 issue: 10 year: 2010 end-page: 2758 article-title: Challenges in combining projections from multiple climate models publication-title: Journal of Climate – volume: 2 start-page: 173 year: 2013 end-page: 182 article-title: Future changes in drought characteristics over southern South America projected by a CMIP5 multi‐model ensemble publication-title: American Journal of Climate Change – volume: 32 start-page: 3 issue: 1 year: 1975 end-page: 15 article-title: The effects of doubling the CO2 concentration on the climate of a general circulation model publication-title: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences – volume: 125 start-page: 445 issue: 3 year: 2014 end-page: 460 article-title: Projected climate change impacts on spatial distribution of bioclimatic zones and ecoregions within the Kailash sacred landscape of China, India, Nepal publication-title: Climatic Change – volume: 93 start-page: 485 issue: 4 year: 2012 end-page: 498 article-title: An overview of CMIP5 and the experiment design publication-title: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society – ident: e_1_2_12_2_1 doi: 10.1175/1520-0493(1978)106<1245:FIFTNW>2.0.CO;2 – volume-title: Emissions scenarios–Special report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change year: 2000 ident: e_1_2_12_46_1 – ident: e_1_2_12_10_1 doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00635.1 – ident: e_1_2_12_49_1 doi: 10.1029/2011JD016821 – ident: e_1_2_12_21_1 doi: 10.1175/BAMS-D-15-00135.1 – volume-title: Climate change 2001: The scientific basis year: 2001 ident: e_1_2_12_14_1 – ident: e_1_2_12_64_1 doi: 10.1175/2008BAMS2759.1 – ident: e_1_2_12_32_1 doi: 10.1016/j.shpsb.2010.07.001 – ident: e_1_2_12_36_1 doi: 10.1029/2018RG000607 – ident: e_1_2_12_76_1 doi: 10.1007/s10584-014-1176-2 – ident: e_1_2_12_15_1 doi: 10.1002/qj.2379 – ident: e_1_2_12_16_1 doi: 10.2307/2026523 – ident: e_1_2_12_74_1 – ident: e_1_2_12_56_1 doi: 10.1002/jame.20027 – ident: e_1_2_12_20_1 doi: 10.1007/s00382-012-1343-y – ident: e_1_2_12_35_1 doi: 10.1175/1520-0477-69.1.40 – ident: e_1_2_12_60_1 doi: 10.1007/s00382-013-1774-0 – volume-title: Climate change 1992: The supplementary report to the IPCC scientific assessment year: 1992 ident: e_1_2_12_18_1 – ident: e_1_2_12_39_1 doi: 10.1029/2011GL046864 – ident: e_1_2_12_12_1 – ident: e_1_2_12_9_1 doi: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195328318.003.0012 – ident: e_1_2_12_24_1 doi: 10.1002/2015GL063659 – ident: e_1_2_12_66_1 doi: 10.1098/rsta.2007.2073 – ident: e_1_2_12_69_1 doi: 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00094.1 – ident: e_1_2_12_37_1 doi: 10.1175/1520-0469(1969)026<0786:CCWACO>2.0.CO;2 – volume-title: What does it mean when climate models agree? year: 2010 ident: e_1_2_12_57_1 – ident: e_1_2_12_13_1 doi: 10.1175/1520-0477(1999)080<0029:AOOTRO>2.0.CO;2 – ident: e_1_2_12_52_1 doi: 10.1086/661566 – ident: e_1_2_12_33_1 doi: 10.1007/s00382-013-1677-0 – ident: e_1_2_12_3_1 doi: 10.1007/978-94-007-6692-1_14 – ident: e_1_2_12_23_1 doi: 10.1175/2009BAMS2752.1 – volume-title: A vast machine: Computer models, climate data, and the politics of global warming year: 2010 ident: e_1_2_12_6_1 – ident: e_1_2_12_72_1 – ident: e_1_2_12_28_1 doi: 10.1007/s10584-010-9800-2 – ident: e_1_2_12_62_1 doi: 10.1175/JAS-D-12-0336.1 – ident: e_1_2_12_41_1 doi: 10.1175/BAMS-86-1-89 – ident: e_1_2_12_45_1 doi: 10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00241.1 – ident: e_1_2_12_63_1 doi: 10.1023/A:1005310109968 – volume: 76 issue: 6 year: 1995 ident: e_1_2_12_42_1 article-title: Global coupled general circulation models publication-title: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society meeting summary – ident: e_1_2_12_48_1 doi: 10.1002/jame.20016 – volume-title: Thinking about technology: Foundations of the philosophy of technology year: 2000 ident: e_1_2_12_58_1 – ident: e_1_2_12_65_1 doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00599.1 – ident: e_1_2_12_38_1 doi: 10.1175/1520-0469(1975)032<0003:TEODTC>2.0.CO;2 – ident: e_1_2_12_17_1 doi: 10.1175/1520-0493(1976)104<0817:ACSCOT>2.0.CO;2 – ident: e_1_2_12_11_1 doi: 10.1175/1520-0477(1992)073<1962:ATAMIP>2.0.CO;2 – ident: e_1_2_12_51_1 doi: 10.1002/qj.1923 – ident: e_1_2_12_53_1 doi: 10.4236/ajcc.2013.23017 – volume-title: IPCC first assessment report 1990 year: 1990 ident: e_1_2_12_19_1 – ident: e_1_2_12_61_1 doi: 10.1007/s10546-010-9478-z – ident: e_1_2_12_59_1 doi: 10.1175/1520-0493(1984)112<0909:APIOTS>2.0.CO;2 – ident: e_1_2_12_50_1 doi: 10.1073/pnas.1906691116 – volume-title: Climate change 2001: The scientific basis year: 2001 ident: e_1_2_12_4_1 – year: 2018 ident: e_1_2_12_75_1 article-title: Philosophy and climate science publication-title: Cambridge University Press – ident: e_1_2_12_26_1 doi: 10.1007/s10584-015-1435-x – ident: e_1_2_12_67_1 doi: 10.1029/2012GL052759 – ident: e_1_2_12_73_1 – ident: e_1_2_12_71_1 doi: 10.1175/1520-0485(1980)010<1887:AGCEWA>2.0.CO;2 – start-page: 196 year: 1975 ident: e_1_2_12_47_1 article-title: Survey of the climate simulation capability of global circulation models publication-title: Understanding Climatic Change – ident: e_1_2_12_54_1 doi: 10.1029/2019MS001621 – ident: e_1_2_12_25_1 doi: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.02.041 – ident: e_1_2_12_27_1 doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00613.1 – ident: e_1_2_12_68_1 doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00437.1 – ident: e_1_2_12_30_1 doi: 10.1002/grl.50256 – ident: e_1_2_12_29_1 doi: 10.1175/2009JCLI3361.1 – ident: e_1_2_12_77_1 doi: 10.1007/s00376-014-4053-z – ident: e_1_2_12_55_1 doi: 10.1002/2015GL064291 – ident: e_1_2_12_7_1 doi: 10.5194/gmd-9-1937-2016 – ident: e_1_2_12_22_1 doi: 10.1007/s00376-012-2187-4 – volume-title: Climate change 2001: The scientific basis year: 2001 ident: e_1_2_12_40_1 – ident: e_1_2_12_5_1 doi: 10.1515/9780691233857 – ident: e_1_2_12_8_1 doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-70766-2_41 – ident: e_1_2_12_44_1 doi: 10.1175/BAMS-88-9-1383 – volume: 44 start-page: 1909 issue: 4 year: 2017 ident: e_1_2_12_31_1 article-title: A climate model projection weighting scheme accounting for performance and interdependence publication-title: Geophysical Research Letters doi: 10.1002/2016GL072012 – ident: e_1_2_12_43_1 doi: 10.1029/97EO00276 – ident: e_1_2_12_34_1 doi: 10.3402/tellusa.v66.22617 – ident: e_1_2_12_70_1 doi: 10.1098/rsta.2007.2076 |
| SSID | ssj0000328884 |
| Score | 2.4737933 |
| SecondaryResourceType | review_article |
| Snippet | The results of the sixth phase of the coupled model intercomparison project (CMIP) are currently being analyzed and will form the basis of the IPCC Sixth... The results of the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) are currently being analysed and will form the basis of the IPCC Sixth... |
| SourceID | hal proquest crossref wiley |
| SourceType | Open Access Repository Aggregation Database Enrichment Source Index Database Publisher |
| StartPage | e648 |
| SubjectTerms | Climate effects Climate models Climate science Climate studies CMIP Earth Sciences epistemology Evolution Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IPCC Meteorology numerical simulations Sciences of the Universe Visibility |
| Title | The Coupled Model Intercomparison Project: History, uses, and structural effects on climate research |
| URI | https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002%2Fwcc.648 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2411500762 https://hal.sorbonne-universite.fr/hal-02878751 |
| Volume | 11 |
| WOSCitedRecordID | wos000527612500001&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| journalDatabaseRights | – providerCode: PRVWIB databaseName: Wiley Online Library Full Collection 2020 customDbUrl: eissn: 1757-7799 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0000328884 issn: 1757-7780 databaseCode: DRFUL dateStart: 20100101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com providerName: Wiley-Blackwell |
| link | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV1LS8QwEB509eDFt1hfBBFPW92mbZp4k-qyh1VEfOyttOkUhWVXrA_8907Sbl0RQfBU2s6QkpnJfB2SbwAOQk9oHgnhZlEncwOda1cKFK7OCylDSQnBli7u-tHlpRwM1NVUq6-KH6IpuJnIsOu1CfA0K4-_SEPftT4SgZyFOU5eG7Rg7uy6e9tvCiyGKE7ajsOUISNCkbJTHZo1-se19rdsNPtg9kJOAc1puGrzTXfpH1-6DIs1yGSnlVeswAyOVsG5IHw8frZldHbI4uEjgVV7twY5eQuLx69PQ8yZaY82ZLZUqJsuheyqKtmcsIpY5KPNXkss2ywd5awioTUEHqzeH8JIQ9sRkNV8Qg_rcNs9v4l7bt1_wdWGGMzlqhAKUQTKU6khksv8TBcceUYwTQSpUNwcbRVewTtphIKjyDDXESr0C-GjvwGt0XiEm8AUQQOuQumnlA5lwNMUZRCSoCykyrV04HBih0TX5OSmR8YwqWiVeUKTmNAkOsAawaeKj-OnyD4Zsnlr-LN7p_3EPCMwRQtU6L15DuxM7JzUUVsmhGYIH3coPzhwYC362xjJfRzTZetvYtuwwM1vut3luwMtMgruwrx-e3ksn_dqx_0EL0vxEg |
| linkProvider | Wiley-Blackwell |
| linkToHtml | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV1RS9xAEB7qKdSXttqKabVdRHwy3mWTbHb7JmmPE-MhRatvS7KZoHDcHXdq6b_v7GaNllIo9CkkmWXDzuzOl2HmG4D9NBKGZ0KEVTaowsTUJpQCRWjqRspUkkNwoYvvRTYey-trde6zKm0tTMsP0QXc7M5w57Xd4DYg3X9iDf1hzJFI5AqsJmREaQ9Wv3wbXhZdhMUyxUnXcphcZEYwUg7aqlk7vu9H_-aOVm5sMuQzpPkcrzqHM3z9P5_6Bl55mMmOW7vYgBc43YTgjBDybOEC6eyA5ZNbgqvu7i3UZC8sn93PJ1gz2yBtwlyw0HR9Ctl5G7T5zFpqkZ-H7H6Jy0NWTmvW0tBaCg_mM0QYjTBuBmSeUejmHVwOv17ko9B3YAiNpQYLuWqEQhSJilRpqeSquDINR14RUBNJKRS3xa0iavigzFBwFBXWJkOFcSNijLegN51NcRuYInDAVSrjkhyiTHhZokxSEpSNVLWRARw8KkIbT09uu2RMdEuszDUtoqZFDIB1gvOWkeNPkT3SZPfWMmiPjgttnxGcoiMqjR6iAHYeFa39vl1qwjOEkAfkIQLYdyr92xz6Ks_p8v7fxD7By9HFWaGLk_HpB1jn9qfd5fzuQI8UhLuwZh7ubpeLj96KfwGb4fUC |
| linkToPdf | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV3dS9xAEB_8Qnyx1g-MtboU8cn0Lptks9s3iR5Kr8dR1Pq2JJsJCsfd4flB__vObtbUUgTBp5Bklg07Ozu_DDO_AThII2F4JkRYZt0yTExlQilQhKaqpUwlOQQXurjqZ4OBvL5WQ59VaWthGn6INuBmLcOd19bAcVrVnb-soU_GfBWJnIfFJFWCjHLx5Gfvst9GWCxTnHQth8lFZgQjZbepmrXjO370P-5o_sYmQ75Ami_xqnM4vQ_v-dQ1WPUwkx03--IjzOF4HYIfhJAndy6Qzg5ZProluOruNqCi_cLyycN0hBWzDdJGzAULTdunkA2boM031lCL_D5iDzOcHbFiXLGGhtZSeDCfIcJohHEzIPOMQjebcNk7vcjPQt-BITSWGizkqhYKUSQqUoWlkivj0tQceUlATSSFUNwWt4qo5t0iQ8FRlFiZDBXGtYgx3oKF8WSM28AUgQOuUhkX5BBlwosCZZKSoKylqowM4PBZEdp4enLbJWOkG2JlrmkRNS1iAKwVnDaMHP-LfCFNtm8tg_bZcV_bZwSn6IhKo8cogN1nRWtvtzNNeIYQcpc8RAAHTqWvzaF_5Tlddt4mtg_Lw5Oe7p8Pvn-CFW7_2V3K7y4skH7wMyyZx_vb2d2e38R_ADem9H0 |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Coupled+Model+Intercomparison+Project%3A+History%2C+uses%2C+and+structural+effects+on+climate+research&rft.jtitle=Wiley+interdisciplinary+reviews.+Climate+change&rft.au=Touz%C3%A9%E2%80%90Peiffer%2C+Ludovic&rft.au=Barberousse%2C+Anouk&rft.au=Le+Treut%2C+Herv%C3%A9&rft.date=2020-07-01&rft.issn=1757-7780&rft.eissn=1757-7799&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=4&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fwcc.648&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=10_1002_wcc_648 |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1757-7780&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1757-7780&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1757-7780&client=summon |