Antimicrobial Activity of Zymomonas mobilis Is Related to Its Aerobic Catabolism and Acid Resistance

Zymomonas mobilis is an ethanologenic, facultatively anaerobic alpha-proteobacterium, known for its inhibitory effect on the growth of a wide variety of microorganisms. This property might be interesting for the design of novel antimicrobials, yet it has negative implications for biotechnology, as i...

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Veröffentlicht in:	Fermentation (Basel) Jg. 8; H. 2; S. 77
Hauptverfasser:	Rutkis, Reinis, Ļaša, Zane, Rubina, Marta, Ščerbaka, Rita, Kalniņš, Gints, Bogans, Jānis, Kalnenieks, Uldis
Format:	Journal Article
Sprache:	Englisch
Veröffentlicht:	Basel MDPI AG 01.02.2022
Schlagworte:	acetates Acetic acid Acid production acid resistance acid tolerance Acids aerobic catabolism Aerobic conditions Aerobic microorganisms Antimicrobial activity Antimicrobial agents antimicrobial properties Bacteriocins Biotechnology catabolism Cell culture Chloramphenicol coculture culture media Dehydrogenases E coli Electron transport electron transport chain fermentation Glucose Metabolism Microorganisms mutants Organic acids Pathogens Peptides pH effects Propionic acid proteinases thermal stability Yeast Zymomonas mobilis
ISSN:	2311-5637, 2311-5637
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Abstract	Zymomonas mobilis is an ethanologenic, facultatively anaerobic alpha-proteobacterium, known for its inhibitory effect on the growth of a wide variety of microorganisms. This property might be interesting for the design of novel antimicrobials, yet it has negative implications for biotechnology, as it hinders the use of Z. mobilis as a producer microorganism in cocultivation. So far, the chemical nature of its inhibitory compound(s) has not been established. In the present study, we demonstrate that the putative inhibitor is a low-molecular-weight (below 3 kDa), thermostable compound, resistant to protease treatment, which is synthesized under aerobic conditions in Z. mobilis strains via the active respiratory chain. It is also synthesized by aerated nongrowing, glucose-consuming cells in the presence of chloramphenicol, thus ruling out its bacteriocin-like peptide nature. The inhibitory activity is pH-dependent and strongly correlated with the accumulation of propionate and acetate in the culture medium. Although, in Z. mobilis, the synthesis pathways of these acids still need to be identified, the acid production depends on respiration, and is much less pronounced in the non-respiring mutant strain, which shows low inhibitory activity. We conclude that propionate and acetate play a central role in the antimicrobial effects of Z. mobilis, which itself is known to bear high resistance to organic acids.
AbstractList	Zymomonas mobilis is an ethanologenic, facultatively anaerobic alpha-proteobacterium, known for its inhibitory effect on the growth of a wide variety of microorganisms. This property might be interesting for the design of novel antimicrobials, yet it has negative implications for biotechnology, as it hinders the use of Z. mobilis as a producer microorganism in cocultivation. So far, the chemical nature of its inhibitory compound(s) has not been established. In the present study, we demonstrate that the putative inhibitor is a low-molecular-weight (below 3 kDa), thermostable compound, resistant to protease treatment, which is synthesized under aerobic conditions in Z. mobilis strains via the active respiratory chain. It is also synthesized by aerated nongrowing, glucose-consuming cells in the presence of chloramphenicol, thus ruling out its bacteriocin-like peptide nature. The inhibitory activity is pH-dependent and strongly correlated with the accumulation of propionate and acetate in the culture medium. Although, in Z. mobilis, the synthesis pathways of these acids still need to be identified, the acid production depends on respiration, and is much less pronounced in the non-respiring mutant strain, which shows low inhibitory activity. We conclude that propionate and acetate play a central role in the antimicrobial effects of Z. mobilis, which itself is known to bear high resistance to organic acids.
Author	Rutkis, Reinis Ļaša, Zane Ščerbaka, Rita Bogans, Jānis Kalniņš, Gints Rubina, Marta Kalnenieks, Uldis
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SubjectTerms	acetates Acetic acid Acid production acid resistance acid tolerance Acids aerobic catabolism Aerobic conditions Aerobic microorganisms Antimicrobial activity Antimicrobial agents antimicrobial properties Bacteriocins Biotechnology catabolism Cell culture Chloramphenicol coculture culture media Dehydrogenases E coli Electron transport electron transport chain fermentation Glucose Metabolism Microorganisms mutants Organic acids Pathogens Peptides pH effects Propionic acid proteinases thermal stability Yeast Zymomonas mobilis
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Title	Antimicrobial Activity of Zymomonas mobilis Is Related to Its Aerobic Catabolism and Acid Resistance
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