Characterization and risk stratification of coronary artery disease in people living with HIV: a global systematic review
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading cause of mortality among people living with HIV (PLWH). Risk stratification remains inconsistent due to geographic disparities, ART-related metabolic effects, and overreliance on strength of association. This review synthesizes global evidence to classify C...
Uložené v:
| Vydané v: | Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine Ročník 12; s. 1586019 |
|---|---|
| Hlavní autori: | , , , |
| Médium: | Journal Article |
| Jazyk: | English |
| Vydavateľské údaje: |
Switzerland
Frontiers Media S.A
12.08.2025
|
| Predmet: | |
| ISSN: | 2297-055X, 2297-055X |
| On-line prístup: | Získať plný text |
| Tagy: |
Pridať tag
Žiadne tagy, Buďte prvý, kto otaguje tento záznam!
|
| Abstract | Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading cause of mortality among people living with HIV (PLWH). Risk stratification remains inconsistent due to geographic disparities, ART-related metabolic effects, and overreliance on strength of association. This review synthesizes global evidence to classify CAD risk factors in PLWH, aiming to improve predictive models and preventative strategies.
Following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, a systematic review was conducted across six databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Medline, CINAHL, and African Journals (SABINET). Two independent reviewers screened studies and extracted data. Narrative synthesis and meta-analysis were conducted. Risk factors were classified using Rw, causality index (CI), and public health priority (PHP).
Twenty-two studies involving 103,370 participants were included. First-class risk factors (CI: 7-10) included hypertension (OR: 4.9;
< 0.05; Rw: 4.5), advanced age (≥50 years) (OR: 4.96,
< 0.05, Rw: 3.58), dyslipidemia (OR: 2.15,
< 0.04, Rw: 2.15), and overweight/obesity (OR: 1.81,
< 0.05, Rw: 1.36). Second-class risk factors (CI: 5-6) included family history of CVD (OR: 3.25,
< 0.05; Rw: 2. 24). Third-class risk factors (CI ≤4) included diabetes (OR: 2.64,
< 0.05, Rw: 1.32), antiretroviral therapy exposure (OR: 1.68,
< 0.05, Rw: 0.63), and homosexuality (OR: 1.82,
< 0.05, Rw: 0.62). Critical thresholds (cumulative Rw: 14.8 and 8.0) were set at 75th and 50th percentiles of cumulative Rw. At GTT value of 0.50, the parsimonious global clinical prediction model for HIV-related CAD included age, hypertension, dyslipidemia, family history of CVD, diabetes, and overweight/obesity (Rw: 15.5, GTT: 4.05). For primary prevention, the optimal model comprised hypertension, dyslipidemia, and obesity (Rw: 8.01, GTT: 2.07). Advanced age and hypertension were "necessary causes" of CAD among PLWH.
Association strength alone cannot determine CAD risk. Cumulative risk indexing and responsiveness provide a robust framework. Prevention should prioritize hypertension and dyslipidemia management, with interventions for obesity, smoking, and virological failure. Age and hypertension should prompt cardiovascular screening. Standardized risk definitions, accounting for the role of protective factors and integrating evidence with domain knowledge are vital for improved CAD risk stratification and prediction in PLWH. Routine cardiovascular screening in HIV care remains essential.
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD42024524494, PROSPERO CRD42024524494. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading cause of mortality among people living with HIV (PLWH). Risk stratification remains inconsistent due to geographic disparities, ART-related metabolic effects, and overreliance on strength of association. This review synthesizes global evidence to classify CAD risk factors in PLWH, aiming to improve predictive models and preventative strategies.BackgroundCoronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading cause of mortality among people living with HIV (PLWH). Risk stratification remains inconsistent due to geographic disparities, ART-related metabolic effects, and overreliance on strength of association. This review synthesizes global evidence to classify CAD risk factors in PLWH, aiming to improve predictive models and preventative strategies.Following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, a systematic review was conducted across six databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Medline, CINAHL, and African Journals (SABINET). Two independent reviewers screened studies and extracted data. Narrative synthesis and meta-analysis were conducted. Risk factors were classified using Rw, causality index (CI), and public health priority (PHP).MethodsFollowing the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, a systematic review was conducted across six databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Medline, CINAHL, and African Journals (SABINET). Two independent reviewers screened studies and extracted data. Narrative synthesis and meta-analysis were conducted. Risk factors were classified using Rw, causality index (CI), and public health priority (PHP).Twenty-two studies involving 103,370 participants were included. First-class risk factors (CI: 7-10) included hypertension (OR: 4.9; p < 0.05; Rw: 4.5), advanced age (≥50 years) (OR: 4.96, p < 0.05, Rw: 3.58), dyslipidemia (OR: 2.15, p < 0.04, Rw: 2.15), and overweight/obesity (OR: 1.81, p < 0.05, Rw: 1.36). Second-class risk factors (CI: 5-6) included family history of CVD (OR: 3.25, p < 0.05; Rw: 2. 24). Third-class risk factors (CI ≤4) included diabetes (OR: 2.64, p < 0.05, Rw: 1.32), antiretroviral therapy exposure (OR: 1.68, p < 0.05, Rw: 0.63), and homosexuality (OR: 1.82, p < 0.05, Rw: 0.62). Critical thresholds (cumulative Rw: 14.8 and 8.0) were set at 75th and 50th percentiles of cumulative Rw. At GTT value of 0.50, the parsimonious global clinical prediction model for HIV-related CAD included age, hypertension, dyslipidemia, family history of CVD, diabetes, and overweight/obesity (Rw: 15.5, GTT: 4.05). For primary prevention, the optimal model comprised hypertension, dyslipidemia, and obesity (Rw: 8.01, GTT: 2.07). Advanced age and hypertension were "necessary causes" of CAD among PLWH.FindingsTwenty-two studies involving 103,370 participants were included. First-class risk factors (CI: 7-10) included hypertension (OR: 4.9; p < 0.05; Rw: 4.5), advanced age (≥50 years) (OR: 4.96, p < 0.05, Rw: 3.58), dyslipidemia (OR: 2.15, p < 0.04, Rw: 2.15), and overweight/obesity (OR: 1.81, p < 0.05, Rw: 1.36). Second-class risk factors (CI: 5-6) included family history of CVD (OR: 3.25, p < 0.05; Rw: 2. 24). Third-class risk factors (CI ≤4) included diabetes (OR: 2.64, p < 0.05, Rw: 1.32), antiretroviral therapy exposure (OR: 1.68, p < 0.05, Rw: 0.63), and homosexuality (OR: 1.82, p < 0.05, Rw: 0.62). Critical thresholds (cumulative Rw: 14.8 and 8.0) were set at 75th and 50th percentiles of cumulative Rw. At GTT value of 0.50, the parsimonious global clinical prediction model for HIV-related CAD included age, hypertension, dyslipidemia, family history of CVD, diabetes, and overweight/obesity (Rw: 15.5, GTT: 4.05). For primary prevention, the optimal model comprised hypertension, dyslipidemia, and obesity (Rw: 8.01, GTT: 2.07). Advanced age and hypertension were "necessary causes" of CAD among PLWH.Association strength alone cannot determine CAD risk. Cumulative risk indexing and responsiveness provide a robust framework. Prevention should prioritize hypertension and dyslipidemia management, with interventions for obesity, smoking, and virological failure. Age and hypertension should prompt cardiovascular screening. Standardized risk definitions, accounting for the role of protective factors and integrating evidence with domain knowledge are vital for improved CAD risk stratification and prediction in PLWH. Routine cardiovascular screening in HIV care remains essential.ConclusionAssociation strength alone cannot determine CAD risk. Cumulative risk indexing and responsiveness provide a robust framework. Prevention should prioritize hypertension and dyslipidemia management, with interventions for obesity, smoking, and virological failure. Age and hypertension should prompt cardiovascular screening. Standardized risk definitions, accounting for the role of protective factors and integrating evidence with domain knowledge are vital for improved CAD risk stratification and prediction in PLWH. Routine cardiovascular screening in HIV care remains essential.https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD42024524494, PROSPERO CRD42024524494.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD42024524494, PROSPERO CRD42024524494. Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading cause of mortality among people living with HIV (PLWH). Risk stratification remains inconsistent due to geographic disparities, ART-related metabolic effects, and overreliance on strength of association. This review synthesizes global evidence to classify CAD risk factors in PLWH, aiming to improve predictive models and preventative strategies. Following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, a systematic review was conducted across six databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Medline, CINAHL, and African Journals (SABINET). Two independent reviewers screened studies and extracted data. Narrative synthesis and meta-analysis were conducted. Risk factors were classified using Rw, causality index (CI), and public health priority (PHP). Twenty-two studies involving 103,370 participants were included. First-class risk factors (CI: 7-10) included hypertension (OR: 4.9; < 0.05; Rw: 4.5), advanced age (≥50 years) (OR: 4.96, < 0.05, Rw: 3.58), dyslipidemia (OR: 2.15, < 0.04, Rw: 2.15), and overweight/obesity (OR: 1.81, < 0.05, Rw: 1.36). Second-class risk factors (CI: 5-6) included family history of CVD (OR: 3.25, < 0.05; Rw: 2. 24). Third-class risk factors (CI ≤4) included diabetes (OR: 2.64, < 0.05, Rw: 1.32), antiretroviral therapy exposure (OR: 1.68, < 0.05, Rw: 0.63), and homosexuality (OR: 1.82, < 0.05, Rw: 0.62). Critical thresholds (cumulative Rw: 14.8 and 8.0) were set at 75th and 50th percentiles of cumulative Rw. At GTT value of 0.50, the parsimonious global clinical prediction model for HIV-related CAD included age, hypertension, dyslipidemia, family history of CVD, diabetes, and overweight/obesity (Rw: 15.5, GTT: 4.05). For primary prevention, the optimal model comprised hypertension, dyslipidemia, and obesity (Rw: 8.01, GTT: 2.07). Advanced age and hypertension were "necessary causes" of CAD among PLWH. Association strength alone cannot determine CAD risk. Cumulative risk indexing and responsiveness provide a robust framework. Prevention should prioritize hypertension and dyslipidemia management, with interventions for obesity, smoking, and virological failure. Age and hypertension should prompt cardiovascular screening. Standardized risk definitions, accounting for the role of protective factors and integrating evidence with domain knowledge are vital for improved CAD risk stratification and prediction in PLWH. Routine cardiovascular screening in HIV care remains essential. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD42024524494, PROSPERO CRD42024524494. BackgroundCoronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading cause of mortality among people living with HIV (PLWH). Risk stratification remains inconsistent due to geographic disparities, ART-related metabolic effects, and overreliance on strength of association. This review synthesizes global evidence to classify CAD risk factors in PLWH, aiming to improve predictive models and preventative strategies.MethodsFollowing the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, a systematic review was conducted across six databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Medline, CINAHL, and African Journals (SABINET). Two independent reviewers screened studies and extracted data. Narrative synthesis and meta-analysis were conducted. Risk factors were classified using Rw, causality index (CI), and public health priority (PHP).FindingsTwenty-two studies involving 103,370 participants were included. First-class risk factors (CI: 7–10) included hypertension (OR: 4.9; p < 0.05; Rw: 4.5), advanced age (≥50 years) (OR: 4.96, p < 0.05, Rw: 3.58), dyslipidemia (OR: 2.15, p < 0.04, Rw: 2.15), and overweight/obesity (OR: 1.81, p < 0.05, Rw: 1.36). Second-class risk factors (CI: 5–6) included family history of CVD (OR: 3.25, p < 0.05; Rw: 2. 24). Third-class risk factors (CI ≤4) included diabetes (OR: 2.64, p < 0.05, Rw: 1.32), antiretroviral therapy exposure (OR: 1.68, p < 0.05, Rw: 0.63), and homosexuality (OR: 1.82, p < 0.05, Rw: 0.62). Critical thresholds (cumulative Rw: 14.8 and 8.0) were set at 75th and 50th percentiles of cumulative Rw. At GTT value of 0.50, the parsimonious global clinical prediction model for HIV-related CAD included age, hypertension, dyslipidemia, family history of CVD, diabetes, and overweight/obesity (Rw: 15.5, GTT: 4.05). For primary prevention, the optimal model comprised hypertension, dyslipidemia, and obesity (Rw: 8.01, GTT: 2.07). Advanced age and hypertension were “necessary causes” of CAD among PLWH.ConclusionAssociation strength alone cannot determine CAD risk. Cumulative risk indexing and responsiveness provide a robust framework. Prevention should prioritize hypertension and dyslipidemia management, with interventions for obesity, smoking, and virological failure. Age and hypertension should prompt cardiovascular screening. Standardized risk definitions, accounting for the role of protective factors and integrating evidence with domain knowledge are vital for improved CAD risk stratification and prediction in PLWH. Routine cardiovascular screening in HIV care remains essential.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD42024524494, PROSPERO CRD42024524494. |
| Author | Ibeneme, Sam Nweke, Martins Pillay, Julian D. Mshunqane, Nombeko |
| AuthorAffiliation | 3 Department of Physiotherapy, David Umahi Federal University of Health Sciences , Uburu, Ebonyi , Nigeria 2 Global Health and Sustainability, Faculty of Health Sciences, Durban University of Technology , Durban , South Africa 1 Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria , Pretoria , South Africa |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 3 Department of Physiotherapy, David Umahi Federal University of Health Sciences , Uburu, Ebonyi , Nigeria – name: 2 Global Health and Sustainability, Faculty of Health Sciences, Durban University of Technology , Durban , South Africa – name: 1 Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria , Pretoria , South Africa |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Martins surname: Nweke fullname: Nweke, Martins – sequence: 2 givenname: Sam surname: Ibeneme fullname: Ibeneme, Sam – sequence: 3 givenname: Julian D. surname: Pillay fullname: Pillay, Julian D. – sequence: 4 givenname: Nombeko surname: Mshunqane fullname: Mshunqane, Nombeko |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40873612$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
| BookMark | eNpVks2PEyEYxolZ4364f4AXw9FLK58z4MWYRnebbOJFjTcCzEvLOjNUmHZT_3qprZvdE_Dw8Ht54blEZ2MaAaE3lMw5V_p98LthzgiTcypVQ6h-gS4Y0-2MSPnz7Mn8HF2Xck8IoVIo2ahX6FwQ1fKGsgu0X6xttn6CHP_YKaYR27HDOZZfuEy5KiH6o54C9imn0eY9trke2OMuFrAFcBzxBtKmB9zHXRxX-CFOa3y7_PEBW7zqk7M9LvsywVBRHmfYRXh4jV4G2xe4Po1X6PuXz98Wt7O7rzfLxae7mReMTLMgpOYagHUN98pyzQVjsmOsLnRwijPXdNo2IAMRjmpFlKTcBe140ygn-BVaHrldsvdmk-NQOzDJRvNPSHllajvR92A0BN8GLpl1XoQOLPfOtwraVleoDJX18cjabN0AnYexvlH_DPp8Z4xrs0o7QxlvVb1aJbw7EXL6vYUymSEWD31vR0jbYjgTDadUtLRa3z4t9ljl_-dVAz0afE6lZAiPFkrMISPmkBFzyIg5ZYT_BW3Sslc |
| Cites_doi | 10.2174/157340308785160589 10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.110.957415 10.1097/QAI.0b013e31824476e1 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.790857 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1350603 10.1097/QAD.0000000000001109 10.1007/s00268-006-0730-0 10.1161/01.ATV.0000194073.87647.10 10.1177/23294965241260057 10.1007/s11904-012-0132-x 10.1001/archinte.167.16.1720 10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.3728 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112335 10.1093/cid/ciaa1034 10.1089/met.2009.0094 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.065490 10.1155/2013/163418 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2011.04.014 10.3389/fimmu.2012.00367 10.1056/NEJM199404143301503 10.1161/circ.106.25.3143 10.1086/378131 10.1186/s13104-017-2921-1 10.3390/ijms15046184 10.1097/MED.0b013e32833dde87 10.1016/j.ijcrp.2023.200205 10.1371/journal.pone.0281701 10.1161/ATVBAHA.114.304960 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2011.03.017 10.1007/s11886-016-0794-x 10.1177/11795549231175221 10.1071/SH12081 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2011.01.011 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31070-5 10.1097/QAI.0000000000001917 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2011.01.012 10.1093/ije/dym135 10.1182/blood-2009-03-210179 10.1161/JAHA.116.003280 10.3390/jcm13195833 10.1161/ATVBAHA.113.300156 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1138234 10.1016/j.carpath.2011.11.007 10.7326/M14-0954 10.1080/09537104.2016.1237627 10.1097/01.aids.0000060358.78202.c1 10.1093/infdis/jis200 10.1056/NEJMp1113643 10.1086/521935 10.1086/526782 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1136340 10.2174/1570162X17666191212091618 10.1128/CMR.00097-18 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000626 10.1210/jc.2006-2190 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61113-7 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61350-5 10.1186/s12872-025-04833-2 10.1086/368185 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)61340-X 10.3390/ijms21051835 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.031912 10.1053/euhj.2002.3235 10.1080/03610911003650383 10.1093/infdis/jiad604 10.1161/JAHA.123.029228 10.1186/s12879-024-10141-5 10.1177/0192623308327119 10.3390/jcm12247534 10.1016/j.jcmg.2010.06.014 10.1016/j.jacc.2016.09.979 10.1071/SH23043 10.1007/s42979-021-00731-4 10.1016/S0735-1097(17)34129-3 10.1080/09540121.2016.1241378 10.3390/cimb47020108 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000914 10.1056/NEJMoa0807646 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.07.037 10.1161/JAHA.116.004987 10.1371/journal.pone.0025237 10.1097/MD.0000000000041222 10.1177/135965350801300215 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.033369 10.1186/s12883-025-04229-x 10.1161/JAHA.116.004260 10.1097/QAI.0000000000003094 10.1111/jre.12460 10.1001/jama.291.18.2204 10.3389/fcvm.2021.614204 10.1136/bmj.b2535 10.1186/s13102-024-01021-1 10.1194/jlr.M200487-JLR200 10.1002/jia2.25868 10.1007/s10865-021-00269-z 10.1177/17455057221118773 10.1136/bmj.e3485 10.1007/s00134-003-1740-0 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | 2025 Nweke, Ibeneme, Pillay and Mshunqane. 2025 Nweke, Ibeneme, Pillay and Mshunqane. 2025 Nweke, Ibeneme, Pillay and Mshunqane |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: 2025 Nweke, Ibeneme, Pillay and Mshunqane. – notice: 2025 Nweke, Ibeneme, Pillay and Mshunqane. 2025 Nweke, Ibeneme, Pillay and Mshunqane |
| DBID | AAYXX CITATION NPM 7X8 5PM DOA |
| DOI | 10.3389/fcvm.2025.1586019 |
| DatabaseName | CrossRef PubMed MEDLINE - Academic PubMed Central (Full Participant titles) DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef PubMed MEDLINE - Academic |
| DatabaseTitleList | MEDLINE - Academic PubMed |
| Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: DOA name: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals url: https://www.doaj.org/ sourceTypes: Open Website – sequence: 2 dbid: NPM name: PubMed url: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed sourceTypes: Index Database – sequence: 3 dbid: 7X8 name: MEDLINE - Academic url: https://search.proquest.com/medline sourceTypes: Aggregation Database |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Medicine |
| EISSN | 2297-055X |
| ExternalDocumentID | oai_doaj_org_article_9efc7f352abc4fdea3cbc78e7798515f PMC12378808 40873612 10_3389_fcvm_2025_1586019 |
| Genre | Systematic Review Journal Article |
| GroupedDBID | 53G 5VS 9T4 AAFWJ AAYXX ACGFS ADBBV ADRAZ AFPKN ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS AOIJS BCNDV CITATION GROUPED_DOAJ HYE KQ8 M~E OK1 PGMZT RPM IPNFZ M48 NPM RIG 7X8 5PM |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c420t-f45939ee2d63c8a3934225d22c8a9fb832b6d9a6e5f04b19808513bf9b3668b43 |
| IEDL.DBID | DOA |
| ISICitedReferencesCount | 0 |
| ISICitedReferencesURI | http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=001558703300001&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| ISSN | 2297-055X |
| IngestDate | Fri Oct 03 12:52:49 EDT 2025 Thu Aug 28 05:23:33 EDT 2025 Thu Sep 04 12:32:37 EDT 2025 Tue Sep 16 01:42:39 EDT 2025 Sat Nov 29 07:38:22 EST 2025 |
| IsDoiOpenAccess | true |
| IsOpenAccess | true |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Keywords | coronary artery disease epidemiological model risk stratification HIV systematic review |
| Language | English |
| License | 2025 Nweke, Ibeneme, Pillay and Mshunqane. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c420t-f45939ee2d63c8a3934225d22c8a9fb832b6d9a6e5f04b19808513bf9b3668b43 |
| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 ObjectType-Undefined-3 Reviewed by: Elif Tukenmez Tigen, Marmara University, Türkiye Edited by: Ahmet Cagkan Inkaya, Hacettepe University, Türkiye Asuman İnan, Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Türkiye |
| OpenAccessLink | https://doaj.org/article/9efc7f352abc4fdea3cbc78e7798515f |
| PMID | 40873612 |
| PQID | 3246311471 |
| PQPubID | 23479 |
| ParticipantIDs | doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_9efc7f352abc4fdea3cbc78e7798515f pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_12378808 proquest_miscellaneous_3246311471 pubmed_primary_40873612 crossref_primary_10_3389_fcvm_2025_1586019 |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 2025-08-12 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2025-08-12 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 08 year: 2025 text: 2025-08-12 day: 12 |
| PublicationDecade | 2020 |
| PublicationPlace | Switzerland |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: Switzerland |
| PublicationTitle | Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine |
| PublicationTitleAlternate | Front Cardiovasc Med |
| PublicationYear | 2025 |
| Publisher | Frontiers Media S.A |
| Publisher_xml | – name: Frontiers Media S.A |
| References | Nweke (B22) 2025; 25 Nweke (B21) 2025; 17 Lui (B50) 2023; 18 Andresdottir (B60) 2002; 23 (B1) 2022 Rothman (B18) 1976; 104 Obeagu (B85) 2025; 104 Volpe (B73) 2023; 10 Urina-Jassir (B52) 2023; 18 (B99) 2010; 376 Jung (B71) 2014; 15 Phillips (B83) 2008; 13 den Boer (B89) 2006; 26 Hresko (B92) 2011; 6 Mu (B81) 2007; 31 Hill (B17) B2 Bachmann (B55) 2012; 125 Baker (B84) 2017; 6 Friis-Møller (B4) 2007 Naar-King (B107) 2012; 9 Trevillyan (B41) 2013; 10 Grand (B62) 2020; 18 Bekker (B8) 2018; 392 Chen (B26) 2010; 16 Mushin (B39) 2023; 20 Di Lenarda (B61) 2024; 13 Ridker (B101) 2008; 359 (B105) 2015; 386 Fowler (B104) 1992; 42 Bonomo (B96) 2024; 11 Fuchs (B48) 2013; 2013 Nou (B9) 2016; 30 Worm (B32) 2009; 119 Kaplan (B33) 2007; 45 Freiberg (B7) 2013; 173 Murray (B16) 2014; 7 Vachiat (B14) 2017; 69 Guyatt (B27) 2011; 64 Kemp (B56) 2012; 21 Muhammad (B68) 2021; 2 Trevillyan (B40) 2017; 28 Anuurad (B91) 2010; 17 May (B44) 2007; 36 Kamimura (B79) 2018; 137 Maqsood (B98) 2023; 12 Bucher (B45) 2012; 60 Hsue (B6) 2012; 205 Yen (B75) 2019; 80 Feinstein (B12) 2016; 18 Pullinger (B51) 2010; 8 Yu (B54) 2023; 10 (B102) 2014 Dau (B82) 2008; 4 Messner (B76) 2014; 34 Steverson (B74) 2017; 69 Starikova (B86) 2025; 47 Longenecker (B49) 2022; 25 Gupta (B64) 2022; 22 Friis-Møller (B106) 2003; 17 Moher (B20) 2009; 339 Genders (B67) 2012; 344 Nwagha (B24) 2023; 17 Dale (B34) 2017; 29 Dubé (B63) 2003; 37 Valerio (B57) 2016; 5 Wilson (B100) 2019; 73 Drain (B10) 2019; 32 Freiberg (B35) 2011; 4 Triant (B13) 2024; 13 (B65) 2002; 106 Morris (B78) 2015; 66 Poznyak (B66) 2020; 21 McEvoy (B77) 2015; 35 Chammartin (B42) 2022; 91 Trøseid (B53) 2024; 229 Marenberg (B59) 1994; 330 Moola (B25) 2017 Triant (B3) 2007; 92 Guyatt (B29) 2011; 64 Funderburg (B87) 2010; 115 Tran (B90) 2003; 44 Caceres (B97) 2020; 142 Mdodo (B11) 2015; 162 Bogers (B70) 2007; 167 Lai (B36) 2008; 46 Engel (B43) 2021; 73 Escaut (B47) 2003; 29 Sherman (B93) 2022; 45 Ibeneme (B31) 2024; 24 Wang (B69) 2021; 8 Guyatt (B28) 2011; 64 Lloyd-Jones (B58) 2004; 291 Egaña-Gorroño (B46) 2012; 3 (B103) 2008; 372 Shah (B5) 2018; 138 Nweke (B19) 2022; 18 Stacey (B94) 2024; 11 Ohashi (B72) 2010; 3 Hall (B80) 2016; 5 Nweke (B23) 2025; 25 Mills (B15) 2012; 366 Flint (B88) 2009; 37 Berquist (B38) 2017; 52 van Kampen (B95) 2017; 10 Hadigan (B37) 2003; 36 Guyatt (B30) 2011; 64 |
| References_xml | – volume: 4 start-page: 203 year: 2008 ident: B82 article-title: The relationship between HIV infection and cardiovascular disease publication-title: Curr Cardiol Rev doi: 10.2174/157340308785160589 – volume: 4 start-page: 425 year: 2011 ident: B35 article-title: The risk of incident coronary heart disease among veterans with and without HIV and hepatitis C publication-title: Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes doi: 10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.110.957415 – volume: 60 start-page: 135 year: 2012 ident: B45 article-title: Small dense lipoproteins, apolipoprotein B, and risk of coronary events in HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy: the Swiss HIV cohort study publication-title: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr doi: 10.1097/QAI.0b013e31824476e1 – volume: 119 start-page: 805 year: 2009 ident: B32 article-title: Diabetes mellitus, preexisting coronary heart disease, and the risk of subsequent coronary heart disease events in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus: the Data Collection on Adverse Events of Anti-HIV Drugs (D:A:D) Study publication-title: Circulation doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.790857 – volume: 11 start-page: 1350603 year: 2024 ident: B96 article-title: LGBTQ+ cardiovascular health equity: a brief review publication-title: Front Cardiovasc Med doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1350603 – volume: 30 start-page: 1495 year: 2016 ident: B9 article-title: Inflammation, immune activation, and cardiovascular disease in HIV publication-title: AIDS doi: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000001109 – volume: 31 start-page: 632 year: 2007 ident: B81 article-title: Current update on HIV-associated vascular disease and endothelial dysfunction publication-title: World J Surg doi: 10.1007/s00268-006-0730-0 – volume: 26 start-page: 124 year: 2006 ident: B89 article-title: Ritonavir impairs lipoprotein lipase-mediated lipolysis and decreases uptake of fatty acids in adipose tissue publication-title: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol doi: 10.1161/01.ATV.0000194073.87647.10 – volume: 11 start-page: 383 year: 2024 ident: B94 article-title: An updated data portrait of heterosexual, gay/lesbian, bisexual, and other sexual minorities in the United States publication-title: Soc Curr doi: 10.1177/23294965241260057 – volume: 9 start-page: 335 year: 2012 ident: B107 article-title: Motivational interviewing targeting risk reduction for people with HIV: a systematic review publication-title: Curr HIV/AIDS Rep doi: 10.1007/s11904-012-0132-x – volume: 167 start-page: 1720 year: 2007 ident: B70 article-title: Association of overweight with increased risk of coronary heart disease partly independent of blood pressure and cholesterol levels: a meta-analysis of 21 cohort studies including more than 300 000 persons publication-title: Arch Intern Med doi: 10.1001/archinte.167.16.1720 – year: 2007 ident: B4 article-title: Predicting the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) in HIV-infected patients: the D: a: d CHD risk equation – ident: B2 article-title: As HIV patients live longer, heart disease might be their next challenge. (2019) – volume: 173 start-page: 614 year: 2013 ident: B7 article-title: HIV Infection and the risk of acute myocardial infarction publication-title: JAMA Intern Med doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.3728 – volume: 104 start-page: 587 year: 1976 ident: B18 article-title: Causes publication-title: Am J Epidemiol doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112335 – volume: 73 start-page: e2070-6 year: 2021 ident: B43 article-title: Swiss HIV cohort study. Telomere length, traditional risk factors, factors related to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and coronary artery disease events in Swiss persons living with HIV publication-title: Clin Infect Dis doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1034 – volume: 8 start-page: 279 year: 2010 ident: B51 article-title: Metabolic abnormalities and coronary heart disease risk in human immunodeficiency virus–infected adults publication-title: Metab Syndr Relat Disord doi: 10.1089/met.2009.0094 – volume: 125 start-page: 3092 year: 2012 ident: B55 article-title: Association between family history and coronary heart disease death across long-term follow-up in men: the cooper center longitudinal study publication-title: Circulation doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.065490 – start-page: 211 volume-title: Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewer’s Manual year: 2017 ident: B25 article-title: Chapter 7. Systematic reviews of etiology and risk – volume: 2013 start-page: 163418 year: 2013 ident: B48 article-title: Risk of coronary heart disease among HIV-infected patients: a multicenter study in Brazil publication-title: Sci World J doi: 10.1155/2013/163418 – volume: 64 start-page: 1303 year: 2011 ident: B28 article-title: GRADE Guidelines: 8. Rating the quality of evidence—indirectness. GRADE guidelines publication-title: J Clin Epidemiol doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2011.04.014 – volume: 3 start-page: 367 year: 2012 ident: B46 article-title: Association study of lipoprotein(a) genetic markers, traditional risk factors, and coronary heart disease in HIV-1-infected patients publication-title: Front Immunol doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2012.00367 – volume: 330 start-page: 1041 year: 1994 ident: B59 article-title: Genetic susceptibility to death from coronary heart disease in a study of twins publication-title: N Engl J Med doi: 10.1056/NEJM199404143301503 – volume: 106 start-page: 3143 year: 2002 ident: B65 article-title: Third report of the national cholesterol education program (NCEP) expert panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (adult treatment panel III) final report publication-title: Circulation doi: 10.1161/circ.106.25.3143 – volume: 37 start-page: 613 year: 2003 ident: B63 article-title: Guidelines for the evaluation and management of dyslipidemia in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected adults receiving antiretroviral therapy: recommendations of the HIV medical association of the infectious disease society of America and the adult AIDS clinical trials group publication-title: Clin Infect Dis doi: 10.1086/378131 – volume: 10 start-page: 594 year: 2017 ident: B95 article-title: The proportion of the population of England that self-identifies as lesbian, gay or bisexual: producing modelled estimates based on national social surveys publication-title: BMC Res Notes doi: 10.1186/s13104-017-2921-1 – volume: 15 start-page: 6184 year: 2014 ident: B71 article-title: Obesity and its metabolic complications: the role of adipokines and the relationship between obesity, inflammation, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease publication-title: Int J Mol Sci doi: 10.3390/ijms15046184 – volume-title: Global Health Sector Strategies on, Respectively, HIV, Viral Hepatitis and Sexually Transmitted Infections for the Period 2022–2030 year: 2022 ident: B1 – volume: 17 start-page: 478 year: 2010 ident: B91 article-title: HIV Protease inhibitors and obesity publication-title: Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes doi: 10.1097/MED.0b013e32833dde87 – volume: 18 start-page: 200205 year: 2023 ident: B52 article-title: Factors associated with coronary artery disease among people living with human immunodeficiency virus: results from the Colombian HIV/AIDS registry publication-title: Int J Cardiol CardioVasc Risk Prev doi: 10.1016/j.ijcrp.2023.200205 – volume: 18 start-page: e0281701 year: 2023 ident: B50 article-title: An efficient approach to estimate the risk of coronary artery disease for people living with HIV using machine-learning-based retinal image analysis publication-title: PLoS One doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281701 – volume: 35 start-page: 1002 year: 2015 ident: B77 article-title: Relationship of cigarette smoking with inflammation and subclinical vascular disease: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis publication-title: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.114.304960 – volume: 64 start-page: 1294 year: 2011 ident: B27 article-title: GRADE Guidelines: 7. Rating the quality of evidence—inconsistency. GRADE guidelines publication-title: J Clin Epidemiol doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2011.03.017 – volume: 18 start-page: 113 year: 2016 ident: B12 article-title: Cardiovascular complications of HIV in endemic countries publication-title: Curr Cardiol Rep doi: 10.1007/s11886-016-0794-x – volume: 17 start-page: 11795549231175221 year: 2023 ident: B24 article-title: Stratification of risk factors of lung cancer-associated venous thromboembolism and determining the critical point for preemptive intervention: a systematic review with meta-analysis publication-title: Clin Med Insights Oncol doi: 10.1177/11795549231175221 – volume: 10 start-page: 97 year: 2013 ident: B41 article-title: Abacavir Exposure and cardiovascular risk factors in HIV-positive patients with coronary heart disease: a retrospective case–control study publication-title: Sex Health doi: 10.1071/SH12081 – volume: 64 start-page: 1277 year: 2011 ident: B30 article-title: GRADE Guidelines: 5. Rating the quality of evidence—publication bias publication-title: J Clin Epidemiol doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2011.01.011 – volume: 392 start-page: 312 year: 2018 ident: B8 article-title: Advancing global health and strengthening the HIV response in the era of the sustainable development goals: the international AIDS society-lancet commission publication-title: Lancet doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31070-5 – volume: 80 start-page: 255 year: 2019 ident: B75 article-title: Human immunodeficiency virus increases the risk of incident heart failure publication-title: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr doi: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000001917 – volume: 64 start-page: 1283 year: 2011 ident: B29 article-title: RADE Guidelines 6. GRADE guidelines 6. GRADE guidelines 6. Rating the quality of evidence—imprecision publication-title: J Clin Epidemiol doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2011.01.012 – volume: 42 start-page: 495 year: 1992 ident: B104 article-title: The strategy of preventive medicine publication-title: Br J Gen Pract – volume: 36 start-page: 1309 year: 2007 ident: B44 article-title: A coronary heart disease risk model for predicting the effect of potent antiretroviral therapy in HIV-1 infected men publication-title: Int J Epidemiol doi: 10.1093/ije/dym135 – ident: B17 – volume: 115 start-page: 161 year: 2010 ident: B87 article-title: Increased tissue factor expression on circulating monocytes in chronic HIV infection: relationship to in vivo coagulation and immune activation publication-title: Blood doi: 10.1182/blood-2009-03-210179 – volume: 5 start-page: e003280 year: 2016 ident: B80 article-title: Cigarette smoking and chronic kidney disease in African Americans in the Jackson heart study publication-title: J Am Heart Assoc doi: 10.1161/JAHA.116.003280 – volume: 13 start-page: 5833 year: 2024 ident: B61 article-title: Coronary artery disease, family history, and screening perspectives: an up-to-date review publication-title: J Clin Med doi: 10.3390/jcm13195833 – volume: 34 start-page: 509 year: 2014 ident: B76 article-title: Smoking and cardiovascular disease: mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction and early atherogenesis publication-title: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.113.300156 – volume: 10 start-page: 1138234 year: 2023 ident: B54 article-title: Prediction models for cardiovascular disease risk among people living with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis publication-title: Front Cardiovasc Med doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1138234 – volume: 21 start-page: 365 year: 2012 ident: B56 article-title: The pathophysiology of heart failure publication-title: Cardiovasc Pathol doi: 10.1016/j.carpath.2011.11.007 – volume: 162 start-page: 335 year: 2015 ident: B11 article-title: Cigarette smoking prevalence among adults with HIV compared with the general adult population in the United States: cross-sectional surveys publication-title: Ann Intern Med doi: 10.7326/M14-0954 – volume: 22 start-page: 112 year: 2022 ident: B64 article-title: Diabetes and the heart: coronary artery disease publication-title: E-J Cardiol Pract – volume: 28 start-page: 301 year: 2017 ident: B40 article-title: Decreased levels of platelet-derived soluble glycoprotein VI detected prior to the first diagnosis of coronary artery disease in HIV-positive individuals publication-title: Platelets doi: 10.1080/09537104.2016.1237627 – volume: 17 start-page: 1179 year: 2003 ident: B106 article-title: Cardiovascular disease risk factors in HIV patients—association with antiretroviral therapy. Results from the DAD study publication-title: AIDS doi: 10.1097/01.aids.0000060358.78202.c1 – volume: 205 start-page: S375 year: 2012 ident: B6 article-title: Immunologic basis of cardiovascular disease in HIV-infected adults publication-title: J Infect Dis doi: 10.1093/infdis/jis200 – volume: 366 start-page: 1270 year: 2012 ident: B15 article-title: HIV And aging—preparing for the challenges ahead publication-title: N Engl J Med doi: 10.1056/NEJMp1113643 – volume: 45 start-page: 1074 year: 2007 ident: B33 article-title: Ten-year predicted coronary heart disease risk in HIV-infected men and women publication-title: Clin Infect Dis doi: 10.1086/521935 – volume: 46 start-page: 600 year: 2008 ident: B36 article-title: Long-term cocaine use and antiretroviral therapy are associated with silent coronary artery disease in African Americans with HIV infection who have no cardiovascular symptoms publication-title: Clin Infect Dis doi: 10.1086/526782 – volume: 10 start-page: 1136340 year: 2023 ident: B73 article-title: Obesity and cardiovascular disease: an executive document on pathophysiological and clinical links promoted by the Italian society of cardiovascular prevention (SIPREC) publication-title: Front Cardiovasc Med doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1136340 – volume: 18 start-page: 5 year: 2020 ident: B62 article-title: Cardiovascular risk assessment in people living with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis of real-life data publication-title: Curr HIV Res doi: 10.2174/1570162X17666191212091618 – volume: 32 start-page: e00097 year: 2019 ident: B10 article-title: Point-of-care HIV viral load testing: an essential tool for a sustainable global HIV/AIDS response publication-title: Clin Microbiol Rev doi: 10.1128/CMR.00097-18 – volume: 73 start-page: 3210 year: 2019 ident: B100 article-title: Systematic review for the 2018 AHA/ACC/AACVPR/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/ADA/AGS/APhA/ASPC/NLA/PCNA guideline on the management of blood cholesterol: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association task force on clinical practice guidelines publication-title: J Am Coll Cardiol doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000626 – volume: 92 start-page: 2506 year: 2007 ident: B3 article-title: Increased acute myocardial infarction rates and cardiovascular risk factors among patients with human immunodeficiency virus disease publication-title: J Clin Endocrinol Metab doi: 10.1210/jc.2006-2190 – volume: 372 start-page: 293 year: 2008 ident: B103 article-title: Life expectancy of individuals on combination antiretroviral therapy in high-income countries: a collaborative analysis of 14 cohort studies publication-title: Lancet doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61113-7 – volume: 7 start-page: 4 year: 2014 ident: B16 article-title: Strengthening HIV knowledge and awareness among undergraduate students at historically black colleges and universities publication-title: J Health Disparities Res Pract – volume: 376 start-page: 1670 year: 2010 ident: B99 article-title: Efficacy and safety of more intensive lowering of LDL cholesterol: a meta-analysis of data from 170,000 participants in 26 randomised trials publication-title: Lancet doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61350-5 – volume: 25 start-page: 405 year: 2025 ident: B22 article-title: Characterization and stratification of risk factors of stroke in people living with HIV: a theory-informed systematic review publication-title: BMC Cardiovasc Disord doi: 10.1186/s12872-025-04833-2 – volume: 36 start-page: 909 year: 2003 ident: B37 article-title: Prediction of coronary heart disease risk in HIV-infected patients with fat redistribution publication-title: Clin Infect Dis doi: 10.1086/368185 – volume: 386 start-page: 2145 year: 2015 ident: B105 article-title: Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 306 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 188 countries, 1990–2013: quantifying the epidemiological transition publication-title: Lancet doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)61340-X – volume: 21 start-page: 1835 year: 2020 ident: B66 article-title: The diabetes mellitus-atherosclerosis connection: the role of lipid and glucose metabolism and chronic inflammation publication-title: Int J Mol Sci doi: 10.3390/ijms21051835 – volume: 137 start-page: 2572 year: 2018 ident: B79 article-title: Cigarette smoking and incident coronary artery disease: insights from the Jackson heart study publication-title: Circulation doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.031912 – volume: 23 start-page: 1655 year: 2002 ident: B60 article-title: Fifteen percent of myocardial infarctions and coronary revascularizations explained by family history unrelated to conventional risk factors: the Reykjavik cohort study publication-title: Eur Heart J doi: 10.1053/euhj.2002.3235 – volume: 16 start-page: e24 year: 2010 ident: B26 article-title: How big is a big odds ratio? Interpreting the magnitudes of odds ratios in epidemiological studies publication-title: Emerg Infect Dis doi: 10.1080/03610911003650383 – volume: 229 start-page: 898 year: 2024 ident: B53 article-title: Gut microbiota alterations and circulating imidazole propionate levels are associated with obstructive coronary artery disease in people with HIV publication-title: J Infect Dis doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiad604 – volume: 13 start-page: e029228 year: 2024 ident: B13 article-title: Cardiovascular risk estimation is suboptimal in people with HIV publication-title: J Am Heart Assoc doi: 10.1161/JAHA.123.029228 – volume: 24 start-page: 1402 year: 2024 ident: B31 article-title: Developing an HIV-specific falls risk prediction model with a novel clinical index: a systematic review and meta-analysis method publication-title: BMC Infect Dis doi: 10.1186/s12879-024-10141-5 – volume: 37 start-page: 65 year: 2009 ident: B88 article-title: The role of protease inhibitors in the pathogenesis of HIV-associated lipodystrophy: cellular mechanisms and clinical implications publication-title: Toxicol Pathol doi: 10.1177/0192623308327119 – volume: 12 start-page: 7534 year: 2023 ident: B98 article-title: Do we still need aspirin in coronary artery disease? publication-title: J Clin Med doi: 10.3390/jcm12247534 – volume: 3 start-page: 908 year: 2010 ident: B72 article-title: Association between visceral adipose tissue area and coronary plaque morphology assessed by CT angiography publication-title: JACC Cardiovasc Imaging doi: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2010.06.014 – volume: 69 start-page: 73 year: 2017 ident: B14 article-title: HIV And ischemic heart disease publication-title: J Am Coll Cardiol doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2016.09.979 – volume: 20 start-page: 470 year: 2023 ident: B39 article-title: Factors associated with the development of coronary artery disease in people with HIV publication-title: Sex Health doi: 10.1071/SH23043 – volume: 2 start-page: 350 year: 2021 ident: B68 article-title: Machine learning predictive models for coronary artery disease publication-title: SN Comput Sci doi: 10.1007/s42979-021-00731-4 – volume: 69 start-page: 740 year: 2017 ident: B74 article-title: Associations of HIV-related factors with adjudicated heart failure (HF) in an electronic cohort of HIV-infected (HIV+) persons publication-title: J Am Coll Cardiol doi: 10.1016/S0735-1097(17)34129-3 – volume: 29 start-page: 598 year: 2017 ident: B34 article-title: Abuse, nocturnal stress hormones, and coronary heart disease risk among women with HIV publication-title: AIDS Care doi: 10.1080/09540121.2016.1241378 – volume: 47 start-page: 108 year: 2025 ident: B86 article-title: Activation of the coagulation cascade as a universal danger sign publication-title: Curr Issues Mol Biol doi: 10.3390/cimb47020108 – volume: 142 start-page: e321 year: 2020 ident: B97 article-title: Assessing and addressing cardiovascular health in LGBTQ adults: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association publication-title: Circulation doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000914 – volume: 359 start-page: 2195 year: 2008 ident: B101 article-title: Rosuvastatin to prevent vascular events in men and women with elevated C-reactive protein publication-title: N Engl J Med doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0807646 – volume: 66 start-page: 1378 year: 2015 ident: B78 article-title: Cardiovascular effects of exposure to cigarette smoke and electronic cigarettes: clinical perspectives from the prevention of cardiovascular disease section leadership council and early career councils of the American College of Cardiology publication-title: J Am Coll Cardiol doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.07.037 – volume-title: Global status Report on Noncommunicable Diseases 2014 year: 2014 ident: B102 – volume: 6 start-page: e004987 year: 2017 ident: B84 article-title: Changes in cardiovascular disease risk factors with immediate versus deferred antiretroviral therapy initiation among HIV-positive participants in the START (strategic timing of antiretroviral treatment) trial publication-title: J Am Heart Assoc doi: 10.1161/JAHA.116.004987 – volume: 6 start-page: e25237 year: 2011 ident: B92 article-title: HIV Protease inhibitors act as competitive inhibitors of the cytoplasmic glucose binding site of GLUTs with differing affinities for GLUT1 and GLUT4 publication-title: PLoS One doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025237 – volume: 104 start-page: e41222 year: 2025 ident: B85 article-title: Influence of cytokines on the recovery trajectory of HIV patients on antiretroviral therapy: a review publication-title: Medicine (Baltimore) doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000041222 – volume: 13 start-page: 177 year: 2008 ident: B83 article-title: Interruption of antiretroviral therapy and risk of cardiovascular disease in persons with HIV-1 infection: exploratory analyses from the SMART trial publication-title: Antivir Ther doi: 10.1177/135965350801300215 – volume: 138 start-page: 1100 year: 2018 ident: B5 article-title: Global burden of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in people living with HIV: systematic review and meta-analysis publication-title: Circulation doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.033369 – volume: 25 start-page: 282 year: 2025 ident: B23 article-title: Development of a high-performing, cost-effective and inclusive afrocentric predictive model for stroke: a meta-analysis approach publication-title: BMC Neurol doi: 10.1186/s12883-025-04229-x – volume: 5 start-page: e004260 year: 2016 ident: B57 article-title: Association of family history with cardiovascular disease in hypertensive individuals in a multiethnic population publication-title: J Am Heart Assoc doi: 10.1161/JAHA.116.004260 – volume: 91 start-page: 508 year: 2022 ident: B42 article-title: Swiss HIV cohort study. CD4:d8 ratio and CD8 cell count and their prognostic relevance for coronary heart disease events and stroke in antiretroviral-treated individuals: the Swiss HIV cohort study publication-title: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr doi: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000003094 – volume: 52 start-page: 930 year: 2017 ident: B38 article-title: Porphyromonas gingivalis antibody levels and diagnosis of coronary artery disease in HIV-positive individuals publication-title: J Periodont Res doi: 10.1111/jre.12460 – volume: 291 start-page: 2204 year: 2004 ident: B58 article-title: Parental cardiovascular disease as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease in middle-aged adults: a prospective study of parents and offspring publication-title: JAMA doi: 10.1001/jama.291.18.2204 – volume: 8 start-page: 614204 year: 2021 ident: B69 article-title: Development and validation of a predictive model for coronary artery disease using machine learning publication-title: Front Cardiovasc Med doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.614204 – volume: 339 start-page: b2535 year: 2009 ident: B20 article-title: Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement publication-title: BMJ doi: 10.1136/bmj.b2535 – volume: 17 start-page: 179 year: 2025 ident: B21 article-title: Association between socio-demographic and injury factors, and physical activity behaviour in people with spinal cord injury: a theory-informed systematic review and meta-analysis publication-title: BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil doi: 10.1186/s13102-024-01021-1 – volume: 44 start-page: 1859 year: 2003 ident: B90 article-title: Modulation of the LDL receptor and LRP levels by HIV protease inhibitors publication-title: J Lipid Res doi: 10.1194/jlr.M200487-JLR200 – volume: 25 start-page: e25868 year: 2022 ident: B49 article-title: Sex modifies the association between HIV and coronary artery disease among older adults in Uganda publication-title: J Int AIDS Soc doi: 10.1002/jia2.25868 – volume: 45 start-page: 571 year: 2022 ident: B93 article-title: Sexual minorities are at elevated risk of cardiovascular disease from a younger age than heterosexuals publication-title: J Behav Med doi: 10.1007/s10865-021-00269-z – volume: 18 start-page: 17455057221118773 year: 2022 ident: B19 article-title: Characterization and stratification of the correlates of postpartum depression in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review with meta-analysis publication-title: Womens Health (Lond) doi: 10.1177/17455057221118773 – volume: 344 start-page: e3485 year: 2012 ident: B67 article-title: Prediction model to estimate presence of coronary artery disease: retrospective pooled analysis of existing cohorts publication-title: Br Med J doi: 10.1136/bmj.e3485 – volume: 29 start-page: 969 year: 2003 ident: B47 article-title: Coronary artery disease in HIV-infected patients publication-title: Intensive Care Med doi: 10.1007/s00134-003-1740-0 |
| SSID | ssj0001548568 |
| Score | 2.299803 |
| SecondaryResourceType | review_article |
| Snippet | Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading cause of mortality among people living with HIV (PLWH). Risk stratification remains inconsistent due to geographic... BackgroundCoronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading cause of mortality among people living with HIV (PLWH). Risk stratification remains inconsistent due to... |
| SourceID | doaj pubmedcentral proquest pubmed crossref |
| SourceType | Open Website Open Access Repository Aggregation Database Index Database |
| StartPage | 1586019 |
| SubjectTerms | Cardiovascular Medicine coronary artery disease epidemiological model HIV risk stratification systematic review |
| Title | Characterization and risk stratification of coronary artery disease in people living with HIV: a global systematic review |
| URI | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40873612 https://www.proquest.com/docview/3246311471 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC12378808 https://doaj.org/article/9efc7f352abc4fdea3cbc78e7798515f |
| Volume | 12 |
| WOSCitedRecordID | wos001558703300001&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| journalDatabaseRights | – providerCode: PRVAON databaseName: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals customDbUrl: eissn: 2297-055X dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0001548568 issn: 2297-055X databaseCode: DOA dateStart: 20140101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.doaj.org/ providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals – providerCode: PRVHPJ databaseName: ROAD: Directory of Open Access Scholarly Resources (ISSN International Center) customDbUrl: eissn: 2297-055X dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0001548568 issn: 2297-055X databaseCode: M~E dateStart: 20140101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://road.issn.org providerName: ISSN International Centre |
| link | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV3NaxQxFH9oEfFS_O60tUTwJIydTTL58FZLSz20eFDZW0gyCS7IrGy3hb34t_veZLruiuDFy8B8MBPyXub93tcvAG86NGqRC1lbm3wtOyNqj7i4DsoLn0NHHO7DZhP66spMp_bTxlZfVBNW6IHLxB3blKPOCBN8iDJ3yYsYojZJa4tgoc3092203XCmSn-wNK0yJY2JXpg9zvGWGs95-27SGjUw62wYooGv_28g889ayQ3jc_4YdkfUyE7KaJ_AvdQ_hYeXY178GaxO17zLpa2S-b5jVDbOCi9uHkNzbJ5ZJNICv1ixoZxzxcYcDZv1rNSTs-8zCjMwitGyi49f3zPPCnEI-038zErTy3P4cn72-fSiHjdVqKPkzbLOsrXCpsQ7JaLxwgqJS7rjHE9sDrjAg-qsV6nNjQwTawiTiZBtEEqZIMUL2OnnfdoDlji-oo3GGtPKZI1vYuelRKOYORHDVfD2bobdj8Kd4dDnIHE4EocjcbhRHBV8IBmsHyTa6-ECKoMblcH9SxkqeH0nQYfLhHIfvk_zm2uHuFEJ9P30pIKXRaLrT8nGaIFIrwKzJeutsWzf6WffBiputPsa_4Bm_3-M_gAe0YxQxHrCD2FnubhJr-BBvF3OrhdHcF9PzdGg5ni8_Hn2C4PMBq0 |
| linkProvider | Directory of Open Access Journals |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Characterization+and+risk+stratification+of+coronary+artery+disease+in+people+living+with+HIV%3A+a+global+systematic+review&rft.jtitle=Frontiers+in+cardiovascular+medicine&rft.au=Nweke%2C+Martins&rft.au=Ibeneme%2C+Sam&rft.au=Pillay%2C+Julian+D.&rft.au=Mshunqane%2C+Nombeko&rft.date=2025-08-12&rft.issn=2297-055X&rft.eissn=2297-055X&rft.volume=12&rft_id=info:doi/10.3389%2Ffcvm.2025.1586019&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=10_3389_fcvm_2025_1586019 |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=2297-055X&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=2297-055X&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=2297-055X&client=summon |