Fundamentals of sleep regulation: Model and benchmark values for fractal and oscillatory neurodynamics

Homeostatic, circadian and ultradian mechanisms play crucial roles in the regulation of sleep. Evidence suggests that ratios of low-to-high frequency power in the electroencephalogram (EEG) spectrum indicate the instantaneous level of sleep pressure, influenced by factors such as individual sleep-wa...

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Vydáno v:Progress in neurobiology Ročník 234; s. 102589
Hlavní autoři: Bódizs, Róbert, Schneider, Bence, Ujma, Péter P., Horváth, Csenge G., Dresler, Martin, Rosenblum, Yevgenia
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: England Elsevier Ltd 01.03.2024
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ISSN:0301-0082, 1873-5118, 1873-5118
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Abstract Homeostatic, circadian and ultradian mechanisms play crucial roles in the regulation of sleep. Evidence suggests that ratios of low-to-high frequency power in the electroencephalogram (EEG) spectrum indicate the instantaneous level of sleep pressure, influenced by factors such as individual sleep-wake history, current sleep stage, age-related differences and brain topography characteristics. These effects are well captured and reflected in the spectral exponent, a composite measure of the constant low-to-high frequency ratio in the periodogram, which is scale-free and exhibits lower interindividual variability compared to slow wave activity, potentially serving as a suitable standardization and reference measure. Here we propose an index of sleep homeostasis based on the spectral exponent, reflecting the level of membrane hyperpolarization and/or network bistability in the central nervous system in humans. In addition, we advance the idea that the U-shaped overnight deceleration of oscillatory slow and fast sleep spindle frequencies marks the biological night, providing somnologists with an EEG-index of circadian sleep regulation. Evidence supporting this assertion comes from studies based on sleep replacement, forced desynchrony protocols and high-resolution analyses of sleep spindles. Finally, ultradian sleep regulatory mechanisms are indicated by the recurrent, abrupt shifts in dominant oscillatory frequencies, with spindle ranges signifying non-rapid eye movement and non-spindle oscillations – rapid eye movement phases of the sleep cycles. Reconsidering the indicators of fundamental sleep regulatory processes in the framework of the new Fractal and Oscillatory Adjustment Model (FOAM) offers an appealing opportunity to bridge the gap between the two-process model of sleep regulation and clinical somnology. •Higher EEG frequency implies lower involvement in sleep homeostasis.•The sleep EEG spectral exponent depicts sleep homeostasis.•Oscillatory sleep spindle frequency indicates circadian regulation.•Spindle/non-spindle oscillation sequences follow ultradian rhythmicity.•Sleep regulatory processes are reframed in terms of fractal/oscillatory spectra.
AbstractList Homeostatic, circadian and ultradian mechanisms play crucial roles in the regulation of sleep. Evidence suggests that ratios of low-to-high frequency power in the electroencephalogram (EEG) spectrum indicate the instantaneous level of sleep pressure, influenced by factors such as individual sleep-wake history, current sleep stage, age-related differences and brain topography characteristics. These effects are well captured and reflected in the spectral exponent, a composite measure of the constant low-to-high frequency ratio in the periodogram, which is scale-free and exhibits lower interindividual variability compared to slow wave activity, potentially serving as a suitable standardization and reference measure. Here we propose an index of sleep homeostasis based on the spectral exponent, reflecting the level of membrane hyperpolarization and/or network bistability in the central nervous system in humans. In addition, we advance the idea that the U-shaped overnight deceleration of oscillatory slow and fast sleep spindle frequencies marks the biological night, providing somnologists with an EEG-index of circadian sleep regulation. Evidence supporting this assertion comes from studies based on sleep replacement, forced desynchrony protocols and high-resolution analyses of sleep spindles. Finally, ultradian sleep regulatory mechanisms are indicated by the recurrent, abrupt shifts in dominant oscillatory frequencies, with spindle ranges signifying non-rapid eye movement and non-spindle oscillations - rapid eye movement phases of the sleep cycles. Reconsidering the indicators of fundamental sleep regulatory processes in the framework of the new Fractal and Oscillatory Adjustment Model (FOAM) offers an appealing opportunity to bridge the gap between the two-process model of sleep regulation and clinical somnology.Homeostatic, circadian and ultradian mechanisms play crucial roles in the regulation of sleep. Evidence suggests that ratios of low-to-high frequency power in the electroencephalogram (EEG) spectrum indicate the instantaneous level of sleep pressure, influenced by factors such as individual sleep-wake history, current sleep stage, age-related differences and brain topography characteristics. These effects are well captured and reflected in the spectral exponent, a composite measure of the constant low-to-high frequency ratio in the periodogram, which is scale-free and exhibits lower interindividual variability compared to slow wave activity, potentially serving as a suitable standardization and reference measure. Here we propose an index of sleep homeostasis based on the spectral exponent, reflecting the level of membrane hyperpolarization and/or network bistability in the central nervous system in humans. In addition, we advance the idea that the U-shaped overnight deceleration of oscillatory slow and fast sleep spindle frequencies marks the biological night, providing somnologists with an EEG-index of circadian sleep regulation. Evidence supporting this assertion comes from studies based on sleep replacement, forced desynchrony protocols and high-resolution analyses of sleep spindles. Finally, ultradian sleep regulatory mechanisms are indicated by the recurrent, abrupt shifts in dominant oscillatory frequencies, with spindle ranges signifying non-rapid eye movement and non-spindle oscillations - rapid eye movement phases of the sleep cycles. Reconsidering the indicators of fundamental sleep regulatory processes in the framework of the new Fractal and Oscillatory Adjustment Model (FOAM) offers an appealing opportunity to bridge the gap between the two-process model of sleep regulation and clinical somnology.
Homeostatic, circadian and ultradian mechanisms play crucial roles in the regulation of sleep. Evidence suggests that ratios of low-to-high frequency power in the electroencephalogram (EEG) spectrum indicate the instantaneous level of sleep pressure, influenced by factors such as individual sleep-wake history, current sleep stage, age-related differences and brain topography characteristics. These effects are well captured and reflected in the spectral exponent, a composite measure of the constant low-to-high frequency ratio in the periodogram, which is scale-free and exhibits lower interindividual variability compared to slow wave activity, potentially serving as a suitable standardization and reference measure. Here we propose an index of sleep homeostasis based on the spectral exponent, reflecting the level of membrane hyperpolarization and/or network bistability in the central nervous system in humans. In addition, we advance the idea that the U-shaped overnight deceleration of oscillatory slow and fast sleep spindle frequencies marks the biological night, providing somnologists with an EEG-index of circadian sleep regulation. Evidence supporting this assertion comes from studies based on sleep replacement, forced desynchrony protocols and high-resolution analyses of sleep spindles. Finally, ultradian sleep regulatory mechanisms are indicated by the recurrent, abrupt shifts in dominant oscillatory frequencies, with spindle ranges signifying non-rapid eye movement and non-spindle oscillations - rapid eye movement phases of the sleep cycles. Reconsidering the indicators of fundamental sleep regulatory processes in the framework of the new Fractal and Oscillatory Adjustment Model (FOAM) offers an appealing opportunity to bridge the gap between the two-process model of sleep regulation and clinical somnology.
Homeostatic, circadian and ultradian mechanisms play crucial roles in the regulation of sleep. Evidence suggests that ratios of low-to-high frequency power in the electroencephalogram (EEG) spectrum indicate the instantaneous level of sleep pressure, influenced by factors such as individual sleep-wake history, current sleep stage, age-related differences and brain topography characteristics. These effects are well captured and reflected in the spectral exponent, a composite measure of the constant low-to-high frequency ratio in the periodogram, which is scale-free and exhibits lower interindividual variability compared to slow wave activity, potentially serving as a suitable standardization and reference measure. Here we propose an index of sleep homeostasis based on the spectral exponent, reflecting the level of membrane hyperpolarization and/or network bistability in the central nervous system in humans. In addition, we advance the idea that the U-shaped overnight deceleration of oscillatory slow and fast sleep spindle frequencies marks the biological night, providing somnologists with an EEG-index of circadian sleep regulation. Evidence supporting this assertion comes from studies based on sleep replacement, forced desynchrony protocols and high-resolution analyses of sleep spindles. Finally, ultradian sleep regulatory mechanisms are indicated by the recurrent, abrupt shifts in dominant oscillatory frequencies, with spindle ranges signifying non-rapid eye movement and non-spindle oscillations – rapid eye movement phases of the sleep cycles. Reconsidering the indicators of fundamental sleep regulatory processes in the framework of the new Fractal and Oscillatory Adjustment Model (FOAM) offers an appealing opportunity to bridge the gap between the two-process model of sleep regulation and clinical somnology. •Higher EEG frequency implies lower involvement in sleep homeostasis.•The sleep EEG spectral exponent depicts sleep homeostasis.•Oscillatory sleep spindle frequency indicates circadian regulation.•Spindle/non-spindle oscillation sequences follow ultradian rhythmicity.•Sleep regulatory processes are reframed in terms of fractal/oscillatory spectra.
ArticleNumber 102589
Author Horváth, Csenge G.
Bódizs, Róbert
Dresler, Martin
Rosenblum, Yevgenia
Schneider, Bence
Ujma, Péter P.
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  fullname: Bódizs, Róbert
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  organization: Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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  givenname: Bence
  surname: Schneider
  fullname: Schneider, Bence
  organization: Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Péter P.
  surname: Ujma
  fullname: Ujma, Péter P.
  organization: Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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  givenname: Csenge G.
  surname: Horváth
  fullname: Horváth, Csenge G.
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  fullname: Dresler, Martin
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  givenname: Yevgenia
  surname: Rosenblum
  fullname: Rosenblum, Yevgenia
  organization: Radboud University Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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ISICitedReferencesURI http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=001206308500001&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
ISSN 0301-0082
1873-5118
IngestDate Sat Sep 27 20:15:32 EDT 2025
Thu Apr 03 07:04:35 EDT 2025
Sat Nov 29 07:17:55 EST 2025
Tue Nov 18 20:57:59 EST 2025
Sat Apr 27 15:44:18 EDT 2024
IsDoiOpenAccess true
IsOpenAccess true
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IsScholarly true
Keywords Fractional Brownian Motion
Aperiodic Activity
Fourier Analysis
FOAM
Sleep Stages
Ultradian Rhythm
Circadian Rhythm
Polysomnography
Neural Oscillations
Historical Notes
Sleep Homeostasis
Language English
License This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license.
Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.
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MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c420t-a6076d71db82d10a1a2ad3bcb81de82a6c486aa97d72c2704f6d77eae70e5edd3
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content type line 23
OpenAccessLink https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pneurobio.2024.102589
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PublicationTitle Progress in neurobiology
PublicationTitleAlternate Prog Neurobiol
PublicationYear 2024
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Publisher_xml – name: Elsevier Ltd
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Snippet Homeostatic, circadian and ultradian mechanisms play crucial roles in the regulation of sleep. Evidence suggests that ratios of low-to-high frequency power in...
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SubjectTerms Aperiodic Activity
Circadian Rhythm
FOAM
Fourier Analysis
Fractional Brownian Motion
Historical Notes
Neural Oscillations
Polysomnography
Sleep Homeostasis
Sleep Stages
Ultradian Rhythm
Title Fundamentals of sleep regulation: Model and benchmark values for fractal and oscillatory neurodynamics
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pneurobio.2024.102589
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38458483
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