Who has access to urban vegetation? A spatial analysis of distributional green equity in 10 US cities

[Display omitted] •Access to urban vegetation is most strongly associated with higher education and income.•Racial and ethnic factors show stronger negative associations with urban vegetation in larger cities.•Different types of urban vegetation show different distributional equity patterns.•Parks a...

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Vydáno v:Landscape and urban planning Ročník 181; s. 51 - 79
Hlavní autoři: Nesbitt, Lorien, Meitner, Michael J., Girling, Cynthia, Sheppard, Stephen R.J., Lu, Yuhao
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: Elsevier B.V 01.01.2019
Témata:
census data
Cities
Climate change
decision making
ecosystem services
Environmental justice
Green equity
Health
higher education
income
land cover
multivariate analysis
population density
population distribution
public parks
United States
urban areas
Urban vegetation
vegetation types
United States
Climate change
Cities
Green equity
Health
Environmental justice
Urban vegetation
ISSN:0169-2046, 1872-6062
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Shrnutí:[Display omitted] •Access to urban vegetation is most strongly associated with higher education and income.•Racial and ethnic factors show stronger negative associations with urban vegetation in larger cities.•Different types of urban vegetation show different distributional equity patterns.•Parks are more equitably distributed than other vegetation types. This research examines the distributional equity of urban vegetation in 10 US urbanized areas using very high resolution land cover data and census data. Urban vegetation is characterized three ways in the analysis (mixed vegetation, woody vegetation, and public parks), to reflect the variable ecosystem services provided by different types of urban vegetation. Data are analyzed at the block group and census tract levels using Spearman’s correlations and spatial autoregressive models. There is a strong positive correlation between urban vegetation and higher education and income across most cities. Negative correlations between racialized minority status and urban vegetation are observed but are weaker and less common in multivariate analyses that include additional variables such as education, income, and population density. Park area is more equitably distributed than mixed and woody vegetation, although inequities exist across all cities and vegetation types. The study finds that education and income are most strongly associated with urban vegetation distribution but that various other factors contribute to patterns of urban vegetation distribution, with specific patterns of inequity varying by local context. These results highlight the importance of different urban vegetation measures and suggest potential solutions to the problem of urban green inequity. Cities can use our results to inform decision making focused on improving environmental justice in urban settings.
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ISSN:0169-2046
1872-6062
DOI:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2018.08.007