Separating the influence of the cortex and foam on the mechanical properties of porcupine quills

Lightweight thin cylinders filled with a foam have applications as collapsible energy absorbers for crashworthy and flotation applications. The local buckling compressive strength and Young’s modulus are dependent on material and geometrical properties. Porcupine quills have a thin cortex filled wit...

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Published in:	Acta biomaterialia Vol. 9; no. 11; pp. 9065 - 9074
Main Authors:	Yang, Wen, McKittrick, Joanna
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	England Elsevier Ltd 01.11.2013
Subjects:	absorption anatomy & histology Animal Structures Animal Structures - cytology Animal Structures - physiology Animal Structures - ultrastructure Animals Biomechanical Phenomena biomimetics Buckling Cell Size Compressive Strength Cortex crushing cytology deformation energy Energy absorption Foam foams mechanical properties physiology Porcupine quills Porcupines Porcupines - anatomy & histology prediction Stress, Mechanical ultrastructure Porcupine quills Foam Buckling Energy absorption Cortex
ISSN:	1742-7061, 1878-7568, 1878-7568
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Abstract	Lightweight thin cylinders filled with a foam have applications as collapsible energy absorbers for crashworthy and flotation applications. The local buckling compressive strength and Young’s modulus are dependent on material and geometrical properties. Porcupine quills have a thin cortex filled with closed-cell foam, and are entirely composed of α-keratin. The cortex carries the majority of the compressive load, but the foam is able to accommodate and release some of the deformation of the cortex during buckling. The presence of the foam increases the critical buckling strength, buckling strain and elastic strain energy absorption over that of the cortex. Good agreement is found between experimental results and modeled predictions. A strain distribution map of the foam close to the buckled cortex demonstrates that the deformation of the cells plays an important role in accommodating local buckling of the cortex. The robust connection between the foam and cortex results in superior crushing properties compared to synthetic sandwich structure where the foam normally separates from the shell. The foam/cortex construction of the quill can guide future biomimetic fabrications of light weight buckle-resistant columns.
AbstractList	Lightweight thin cylinders filled with a foam have applications as collapsible energy absorbers for crashworthy and flotation applications. The local buckling compressive strength and Young’s modulus are dependent on material and geometrical properties. Porcupine quills have a thin cortex filled with closed-cell foam, and are entirely composed of α-keratin. The cortex carries the majority of the compressive load, but the foam is able to accommodate and release some of the deformation of the cortex during buckling. The presence of the foam increases the critical buckling strength, buckling strain and elastic strain energy absorption over that of the cortex. Good agreement is found between experimental results and modeled predictions. A strain distribution map of the foam close to the buckled cortex demonstrates that the deformation of the cells plays an important role in accommodating local buckling of the cortex. The robust connection between the foam and cortex results in superior crushing properties compared to synthetic sandwich structure where the foam normally separates from the shell. The foam/cortex construction of the quill can guide future biomimetic fabrications of light weight buckle-resistant columns. Lightweight thin cylinders filled with a foam have applications as collapsible energy absorbers for crashworthy and flotation applications. The local buckling compressive strength and Young's modulus are dependent on material and geometrical properties. Porcupine quills have a thin cortex filled with closed-cell foam, and are entirely composed of α-keratin. The cortex carries the majority of the compressive load, but the foam is able to accommodate and release some of the deformation of the cortex during buckling. The presence of the foam increases the critical buckling strength, buckling strain and elastic strain energy absorption over that of the cortex. Good agreement is found between experimental results and modeled predictions. A strain distribution map of the foam close to the buckled cortex demonstrates that the deformation of the cells plays an important role in accommodating local buckling of the cortex. The robust connection between the foam and cortex results in superior crushing properties compared to synthetic sandwich structure where the foam normally separates from the shell. The foam/cortex construction of the quill can guide future biomimetic fabrications of light weight buckle-resistant columns.Lightweight thin cylinders filled with a foam have applications as collapsible energy absorbers for crashworthy and flotation applications. The local buckling compressive strength and Young's modulus are dependent on material and geometrical properties. Porcupine quills have a thin cortex filled with closed-cell foam, and are entirely composed of α-keratin. The cortex carries the majority of the compressive load, but the foam is able to accommodate and release some of the deformation of the cortex during buckling. The presence of the foam increases the critical buckling strength, buckling strain and elastic strain energy absorption over that of the cortex. Good agreement is found between experimental results and modeled predictions. A strain distribution map of the foam close to the buckled cortex demonstrates that the deformation of the cells plays an important role in accommodating local buckling of the cortex. The robust connection between the foam and cortex results in superior crushing properties compared to synthetic sandwich structure where the foam normally separates from the shell. The foam/cortex construction of the quill can guide future biomimetic fabrications of light weight buckle-resistant columns.
Author	McKittrick, Joanna Yang, Wen
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Wen surname: Yang fullname: Yang, Wen email: wey005@eng.ucsd.edu, wyang_82@yahoo.cn organization: Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA – sequence: 2 givenname: Joanna surname: McKittrick fullname: McKittrick, Joanna organization: Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Snippet	Lightweight thin cylinders filled with a foam have applications as collapsible energy absorbers for crashworthy and flotation applications. The local buckling...
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SubjectTerms	absorption anatomy & histology Animal Structures Animal Structures - cytology Animal Structures - physiology Animal Structures - ultrastructure Animals Biomechanical Phenomena biomimetics Buckling Cell Size Compressive Strength Cortex crushing cytology deformation energy Energy absorption Foam foams mechanical properties physiology Porcupine quills Porcupines Porcupines - anatomy & histology prediction Stress, Mechanical ultrastructure
Title	Separating the influence of the cortex and foam on the mechanical properties of porcupine quills
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