Impacts of urbanization and industrialization on energy consumption/CO2 emissions: Does the level of development matter?

Urbanization and industrialization have significant impacts on energy consumption and CO2 emissions, but their relationship varies at different stages of economic development. Taking cognizance of heterogeneity and the “ratchet effect,” this paper adopts the Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Popul...

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Podrobná bibliografia
Vydané v:Renewable & sustainable energy reviews Ročník 52; s. 1107 - 1122
Hlavní autori: Li, Ke, Lin, Boqiang
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:English
Vydavateľské údaje: Elsevier Ltd 01.12.2015
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ISSN:1364-0321, 1879-0690
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Abstract Urbanization and industrialization have significant impacts on energy consumption and CO2 emissions, but their relationship varies at different stages of economic development. Taking cognizance of heterogeneity and the “ratchet effect,” this paper adopts the Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence, and Technology (STIRPAT) framework as a starting point and re-estimates the relationship using different panel date models. The main results are obtained by dynamic panel threshold regression models, which divide a balanced panel dataset of 73 countries over the period of 1971–2010 into four groups according to their annual income levels. The key results are: (1) in the low-income group, urbanization decreases energy consumption but increases CO2 emissions; (2) in the middle-/low-income and high-income groups, industrialization decreases energy consumption but increases CO2 emissions, while urbanization significantly increases both energy consumption and CO2 emissions; (3) for the middle-/high-income group, urbanization does not significantly affect energy consumption, but does hinder the growth of emissions; while industrialization was found to have an insignificant impact on energy consumption and CO2 emissions; (4) from the population perspective, it produces positive effects on energy consumption, and also increases emissions except for the high-income group. These novel methodology and findings reveal that different development strategies of urbanization and industrialization should be pursued depending on the levels of income in a bid to conserve energy and reduce emissions.
AbstractList Urbanization and industrialization have significant impacts on energy consumption and CO2 emissions, but their relationship varies at different stages of economic development. Taking cognizance of heterogeneity and the “ratchet effect,” this paper adopts the Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence, and Technology (STIRPAT) framework as a starting point and re-estimates the relationship using different panel date models. The main results are obtained by dynamic panel threshold regression models, which divide a balanced panel dataset of 73 countries over the period of 1971–2010 into four groups according to their annual income levels. The key results are: (1) in the low-income group, urbanization decreases energy consumption but increases CO2 emissions; (2) in the middle-/low-income and high-income groups, industrialization decreases energy consumption but increases CO2 emissions, while urbanization significantly increases both energy consumption and CO2 emissions; (3) for the middle-/high-income group, urbanization does not significantly affect energy consumption, but does hinder the growth of emissions; while industrialization was found to have an insignificant impact on energy consumption and CO2 emissions; (4) from the population perspective, it produces positive effects on energy consumption, and also increases emissions except for the high-income group. These novel methodology and findings reveal that different development strategies of urbanization and industrialization should be pursued depending on the levels of income in a bid to conserve energy and reduce emissions.
Author Lin, Boqiang
Li, Ke
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Ke
  surname: Li
  fullname: Li, Ke
  email: likekent1208@163.com
  organization: Collaborative Innovation Center for Energy Economics and Energy Policy, China Institute for Studies in Energy Policy, Xiamen University, Fujian 361005, PR China
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Boqiang
  orcidid: 0000-0002-7821-686X
  surname: Lin
  fullname: Lin, Boqiang
  email: bqlin@xmu.edu.cn, bqlin2004@vip.sina.com
  organization: Collaborative Innovation Center for Energy Economics and Energy Policy, China Institute for Studies in Energy Policy, Xiamen University, Fujian 361005, PR China
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Sat Nov 29 03:11:53 EST 2025
Fri Feb 23 02:19:28 EST 2024
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Keywords Dynamic panel threshold regression model
Urbanization
Energy consumption
Industrialization
Carbon dioxide emissions
STIRPAT
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SubjectTerms Carbon dioxide emissions
Dynamic panel threshold regression model
Energy consumption
Industrialization
STIRPAT
Urbanization
Title Impacts of urbanization and industrialization on energy consumption/CO2 emissions: Does the level of development matter?
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