Development of the clinical assessment scale in autoimmune encephalitis
Objective There is no scale for rating the severity of autoimmune encephalitis (AE). In this study, we aimed to develop a novel scale for rating severity in patients with diverse AE syndromes and to verify the reliability and validity of the developed scale. Methods The key items were generated by a...
Saved in:
| Published in: | Annals of neurology Vol. 85; no. 3; pp. 352 - 358 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
United States
Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
01.03.2019
|
| Subjects: | |
| ISSN: | 0364-5134, 1531-8249, 1531-8249 |
| Online Access: | Get full text |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| Abstract | Objective
There is no scale for rating the severity of autoimmune encephalitis (AE). In this study, we aimed to develop a novel scale for rating severity in patients with diverse AE syndromes and to verify the reliability and validity of the developed scale.
Methods
The key items were generated by a panel of experts and selected according to content validity ratios. The developed scale was initially applied to 50 patients with AE (development cohort) to evaluate its acceptability, reproducibility, internal consistency, and construct validity. Then, the scale was applied to another independent cohort (validation cohort, n = 38).
Results
A new scale consisting of 9 items (seizure, memory dysfunction, psychiatric symptoms, consciousness, language problems, dyskinesia/dystonia, gait instability and ataxia, brainstem dysfunction, and weakness) was developed. Each item was assigned a value of up to 3 points. The total score could therefore range from 0 to 27. We named the scale the Clinical Assessment Scale in Autoimmune Encephalitis (CASE). The new scale showed excellent interobserver (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.97) and intraobserver (ICC = 0.96) reliability for total scores, was highly correlated with modified Rankin scale (r = 0.86, p < 0.001), and had acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach α = 0.88). Additionally, in the validation cohort, the scale showed high interobserver reliability (ICC = 0.99) and internal consistency (Cronbach α = 0.92).
Interpretation
CASE is a novel clinical scale for AE with a high level of clinimetric properties. It would be suitable for application in clinical practice and might help overcome the limitations of current outcome scales for AE. ANN NEUROL 2019;85:352–358. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | There is no scale for rating the severity of autoimmune encephalitis (AE). In this study, we aimed to develop a novel scale for rating severity in patients with diverse AE syndromes and to verify the reliability and validity of the developed scale.OBJECTIVEThere is no scale for rating the severity of autoimmune encephalitis (AE). In this study, we aimed to develop a novel scale for rating severity in patients with diverse AE syndromes and to verify the reliability and validity of the developed scale.The key items were generated by a panel of experts and selected according to content validity ratios. The developed scale was initially applied to 50 patients with AE (development cohort) to evaluate its acceptability, reproducibility, internal consistency, and construct validity. Then, the scale was applied to another independent cohort (validation cohort, n = 38).METHODSThe key items were generated by a panel of experts and selected according to content validity ratios. The developed scale was initially applied to 50 patients with AE (development cohort) to evaluate its acceptability, reproducibility, internal consistency, and construct validity. Then, the scale was applied to another independent cohort (validation cohort, n = 38).A new scale consisting of 9 items (seizure, memory dysfunction, psychiatric symptoms, consciousness, language problems, dyskinesia/dystonia, gait instability and ataxia, brainstem dysfunction, and weakness) was developed. Each item was assigned a value of up to 3 points. The total score could therefore range from 0 to 27. We named the scale the Clinical Assessment Scale in Autoimmune Encephalitis (CASE). The new scale showed excellent interobserver (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.97) and intraobserver (ICC = 0.96) reliability for total scores, was highly correlated with modified Rankin scale (r = 0.86, p < 0.001), and had acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach α = 0.88). Additionally, in the validation cohort, the scale showed high interobserver reliability (ICC = 0.99) and internal consistency (Cronbach α = 0.92).RESULTSA new scale consisting of 9 items (seizure, memory dysfunction, psychiatric symptoms, consciousness, language problems, dyskinesia/dystonia, gait instability and ataxia, brainstem dysfunction, and weakness) was developed. Each item was assigned a value of up to 3 points. The total score could therefore range from 0 to 27. We named the scale the Clinical Assessment Scale in Autoimmune Encephalitis (CASE). The new scale showed excellent interobserver (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.97) and intraobserver (ICC = 0.96) reliability for total scores, was highly correlated with modified Rankin scale (r = 0.86, p < 0.001), and had acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach α = 0.88). Additionally, in the validation cohort, the scale showed high interobserver reliability (ICC = 0.99) and internal consistency (Cronbach α = 0.92).CASE is a novel clinical scale for AE with a high level of clinimetric properties. It would be suitable for application in clinical practice and might help overcome the limitations of current outcome scales for AE. ANN NEUROL 2019;85:352-358.INTERPRETATIONCASE is a novel clinical scale for AE with a high level of clinimetric properties. It would be suitable for application in clinical practice and might help overcome the limitations of current outcome scales for AE. ANN NEUROL 2019;85:352-358. There is no scale for rating the severity of autoimmune encephalitis (AE). In this study, we aimed to develop a novel scale for rating severity in patients with diverse AE syndromes and to verify the reliability and validity of the developed scale. The key items were generated by a panel of experts and selected according to content validity ratios. The developed scale was initially applied to 50 patients with AE (development cohort) to evaluate its acceptability, reproducibility, internal consistency, and construct validity. Then, the scale was applied to another independent cohort (validation cohort, n = 38). A new scale consisting of 9 items (seizure, memory dysfunction, psychiatric symptoms, consciousness, language problems, dyskinesia/dystonia, gait instability and ataxia, brainstem dysfunction, and weakness) was developed. Each item was assigned a value of up to 3 points. The total score could therefore range from 0 to 27. We named the scale the Clinical Assessment Scale in Autoimmune Encephalitis (CASE). The new scale showed excellent interobserver (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.97) and intraobserver (ICC = 0.96) reliability for total scores, was highly correlated with modified Rankin scale (r = 0.86, p < 0.001), and had acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach α = 0.88). Additionally, in the validation cohort, the scale showed high interobserver reliability (ICC = 0.99) and internal consistency (Cronbach α = 0.92). CASE is a novel clinical scale for AE with a high level of clinimetric properties. It would be suitable for application in clinical practice and might help overcome the limitations of current outcome scales for AE. ANN NEUROL 2019;85:352-358. Objective There is no scale for rating the severity of autoimmune encephalitis (AE). In this study, we aimed to develop a novel scale for rating severity in patients with diverse AE syndromes and to verify the reliability and validity of the developed scale. Methods The key items were generated by a panel of experts and selected according to content validity ratios. The developed scale was initially applied to 50 patients with AE (development cohort) to evaluate its acceptability, reproducibility, internal consistency, and construct validity. Then, the scale was applied to another independent cohort (validation cohort, n = 38). Results A new scale consisting of 9 items (seizure, memory dysfunction, psychiatric symptoms, consciousness, language problems, dyskinesia/dystonia, gait instability and ataxia, brainstem dysfunction, and weakness) was developed. Each item was assigned a value of up to 3 points. The total score could therefore range from 0 to 27. We named the scale the Clinical Assessment Scale in Autoimmune Encephalitis (CASE). The new scale showed excellent interobserver (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.97) and intraobserver (ICC = 0.96) reliability for total scores, was highly correlated with modified Rankin scale (r = 0.86, p < 0.001), and had acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach α = 0.88). Additionally, in the validation cohort, the scale showed high interobserver reliability (ICC = 0.99) and internal consistency (Cronbach α = 0.92). Interpretation CASE is a novel clinical scale for AE with a high level of clinimetric properties. It would be suitable for application in clinical practice and might help overcome the limitations of current outcome scales for AE. ANN NEUROL 2019;85:352–358. ObjectiveThere is no scale for rating the severity of autoimmune encephalitis (AE). In this study, we aimed to develop a novel scale for rating severity in patients with diverse AE syndromes and to verify the reliability and validity of the developed scale.MethodsThe key items were generated by a panel of experts and selected according to content validity ratios. The developed scale was initially applied to 50 patients with AE (development cohort) to evaluate its acceptability, reproducibility, internal consistency, and construct validity. Then, the scale was applied to another independent cohort (validation cohort, n = 38).ResultsA new scale consisting of 9 items (seizure, memory dysfunction, psychiatric symptoms, consciousness, language problems, dyskinesia/dystonia, gait instability and ataxia, brainstem dysfunction, and weakness) was developed. Each item was assigned a value of up to 3 points. The total score could therefore range from 0 to 27. We named the scale the Clinical Assessment Scale in Autoimmune Encephalitis (CASE). The new scale showed excellent interobserver (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.97) and intraobserver (ICC = 0.96) reliability for total scores, was highly correlated with modified Rankin scale (r = 0.86, p < 0.001), and had acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach α = 0.88). Additionally, in the validation cohort, the scale showed high interobserver reliability (ICC = 0.99) and internal consistency (Cronbach α = 0.92).InterpretationCASE is a novel clinical scale for AE with a high level of clinimetric properties. It would be suitable for application in clinical practice and might help overcome the limitations of current outcome scales for AE. ANN NEUROL 2019;85:352–358. |
| Author | Lee, Woo‐Jin Yang, Tae‐Ho Kim, Tae‐Joon Kim, Dong Wook Byun, Jung‐Ick Kim, Hee Jin Park, Kyung‐Il Kim, Keun Tae Moon, Hye‐Jin Jung, Ki‐Young Lee, Sang Kun Cho, Yong Won Shin, Yong‐Won Yang, Tae‐Won Lee, Soon‐Tae Koo, Yong Seo Park, Byeongsu Jun, Jin‐Sun Moon, Jangsup Kim, Young‐Soo Lim, Jung‐Ah Sunwoo, Jun‐Sang Kim, Manho Jung, Keun‐Hwa Lim, Byung Chan Abdullah, Suhailah Chu, Kon |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Jung‐Ah surname: Lim fullname: Lim, Jung‐Ah organization: Hallym University College of Medicine – sequence: 2 givenname: Soon‐Tae orcidid: 0000-0003-4767-7564 surname: Lee fullname: Lee, Soon‐Tae organization: Seoul National University Hospital – sequence: 3 givenname: Jangsup surname: Moon fullname: Moon, Jangsup organization: Seoul National University Hospital – sequence: 4 givenname: Jin‐Sun surname: Jun fullname: Jun, Jin‐Sun organization: Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital – sequence: 5 givenname: Tae‐Joon surname: Kim fullname: Kim, Tae‐Joon organization: Ajou University School of Medicine, Ajou University Medical Center – sequence: 6 givenname: Yong‐Won surname: Shin fullname: Shin, Yong‐Won organization: Seoul National University Hospital – sequence: 7 givenname: Suhailah surname: Abdullah fullname: Abdullah, Suhailah organization: University Malaya Medical Center – sequence: 8 givenname: Jung‐Ick surname: Byun fullname: Byun, Jung‐Ick organization: Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong – sequence: 9 givenname: Jun‐Sang surname: Sunwoo fullname: Sunwoo, Jun‐Sang organization: Soonchunhyang University School of Medicine – sequence: 10 givenname: Keun Tae surname: Kim fullname: Kim, Keun Tae organization: Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, School of Medicine – sequence: 11 givenname: Tae‐Won orcidid: 0000-0002-8113-2384 surname: Yang fullname: Yang, Tae‐Won organization: Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine – sequence: 12 givenname: Woo‐Jin surname: Lee fullname: Lee, Woo‐Jin organization: Seoul National University Hospital – sequence: 13 givenname: Hye‐Jin surname: Moon fullname: Moon, Hye‐Jin organization: Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital – sequence: 14 givenname: Dong Wook surname: Kim fullname: Kim, Dong Wook organization: Konkuk University School of Medicine – sequence: 15 givenname: Byung Chan surname: Lim fullname: Lim, Byung Chan organization: Seoul National University Children's Hospital – sequence: 16 givenname: Yong Won orcidid: 0000-0002-6127-1045 surname: Cho fullname: Cho, Yong Won organization: Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, School of Medicine – sequence: 17 givenname: Tae‐Ho surname: Yang fullname: Yang, Tae‐Ho organization: Chonbuk National University Hospital – sequence: 18 givenname: Hee Jin surname: Kim fullname: Kim, Hee Jin organization: Samsung Medical Center – sequence: 19 givenname: Young‐Soo surname: Kim fullname: Kim, Young‐Soo organization: Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine – sequence: 20 givenname: Yong Seo surname: Koo fullname: Koo, Yong Seo organization: University of Ulsan College of Medicine – sequence: 21 givenname: Byeongsu surname: Park fullname: Park, Byeongsu organization: Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan University College of Medicine – sequence: 22 givenname: Keun‐Hwa orcidid: 0000-0003-1433-8005 surname: Jung fullname: Jung, Keun‐Hwa organization: Seoul National University Hospital – sequence: 23 givenname: Manho surname: Kim fullname: Kim, Manho organization: Seoul National University College of Medicine – sequence: 24 givenname: Kyung‐Il surname: Park fullname: Park, Kyung‐Il organization: Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center – sequence: 25 givenname: Ki‐Young surname: Jung fullname: Jung, Ki‐Young organization: Seoul National University Hospital – sequence: 26 givenname: Kon orcidid: 0000-0001-5863-0302 surname: Chu fullname: Chu, Kon email: stemcell.snu@gmail.com organization: Seoul National University Hospital – sequence: 27 givenname: Sang Kun surname: Lee fullname: Lee, Sang Kun email: sangkun2923@gmail.com organization: Seoul National University Hospital |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30675918$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
| BookMark | eNp1kU1LAzEQhoMo2lYP_gFZ8KKH1cxush_HUj-h6EXPIc1OaCSb1M2u0n9vtPVSFAaGYZ73ZZh3TPadd0jIKdAroDS7lk5eZZxlsEdGwHNIq4zV-2RE84KlHHJ2RMYhvFFK6wLoITnKaVHyGqoRub_BD7R-1aLrE6-TfomJssYZJW0iQ8AQflYhzpgYl8ih96ZtB4cJOoWrpbSmN-GYHGhpA55s-4S83t2-zB7S-fP942w6TxWDGtISFpTXVKqa53nDG82gQZ01GitZaqWbakFVVQIopAxVlvOax2o0LKro0OQTcrHxXXX-fcDQi9YEhdZKh34IIoOyZjwDVkX0fAd980Pn4nWRqoqSQVlApM621LBosRGrzrSyW4vfF0XgegOozofQoRbK9LI33vWdNFYAFd8hiBiC-AkhKi53FL-mf7Fb909jcf0_KKZP043iC0ZClQg |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1002_acn3_51500 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_autrev_2022_103057 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_pediatrneurol_2025_01_014 crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2020_01976 crossref_primary_10_1002_acn3_51865 crossref_primary_10_1111_dmcn_15896 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_heliyon_2024_e40680 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00415_024_12680_y crossref_primary_10_2174_1381612829666230717121632 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jneuroim_2024_578472 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13054_024_05233_2 crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2020_597858 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_neurol_2024_08_003 crossref_primary_10_2147_JIR_S383161 crossref_primary_10_1212_CPJ_0000000000001001 crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2022_916111 crossref_primary_10_3389_fnins_2022_1081580 crossref_primary_10_1111_dmcn_16456 crossref_primary_10_1002_ana_25761 crossref_primary_10_1002_ana_25760 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00415_024_12712_7 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jneuroim_2021_577551 crossref_primary_10_1017_cjn_2024_16 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jneuroim_2021_577673 crossref_primary_10_1002_epd2_70067 crossref_primary_10_1002_acn3_52049 crossref_primary_10_1111_ene_15266 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10072_019_03930_3 crossref_primary_10_3389_fneur_2023_1281276 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_medj_2025_100776 crossref_primary_10_3389_fneur_2025_1498007 crossref_primary_10_1136_jnnp_2024_334475 crossref_primary_10_1212_NXI_0000000000200395 crossref_primary_10_3389_fneur_2024_1464165 crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2021_673021 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jocn_2022_05_007 crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2024_1490804 crossref_primary_10_1111_jvim_16717 crossref_primary_10_1212_WNL_0000000000209213 crossref_primary_10_1002_acn3_70043 crossref_primary_10_1002_ana_25497 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jneuroim_2024_578458 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12888_022_04505_x crossref_primary_10_1002_ana_25496 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10072_024_07642_1 crossref_primary_10_1177_15500594211031137 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jcomdis_2023_106368 crossref_primary_10_1212_NXI_0000000000200170 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00431_025_06078_9 crossref_primary_10_3389_fneur_2021_611597 crossref_primary_10_1111_cns_14821 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12974_022_02622_8 crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2023_1196110 crossref_primary_10_1111_ene_15161 crossref_primary_10_1177_20406223211063055 crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2021_796965 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00415_024_12594_9 crossref_primary_10_1007_s40120_021_00278_9 crossref_primary_10_1212_NXI_0000000000200168 crossref_primary_10_2147_JIR_S481729 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12874_023_01947_z crossref_primary_10_2196_75020 crossref_primary_10_1109_TNSRE_2023_3245627 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00415_025_13032_0 crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2025_1632690 crossref_primary_10_3389_fneur_2023_1284717 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_braindev_2022_09_009 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_brainresbull_2025_111232 crossref_primary_10_1002_acn3_51659 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ebr_2024_100704 crossref_primary_10_1016_S1474_4422_22_00299_X crossref_primary_10_1212_WNL_0000000000213487 crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2024_1402523 crossref_primary_10_1002_acn3_70158 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41430_024_01537_2 crossref_primary_10_3389_fneur_2023_1241638 crossref_primary_10_1212_NXI_0000000000200178 crossref_primary_10_1002_acn3_52192 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41420_025_02459_z crossref_primary_10_3389_fneur_2021_642078 crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2022_915352 crossref_primary_10_3389_fneur_2022_870607 crossref_primary_10_1093_brain_awac166 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jpsychores_2025_112051 crossref_primary_10_1111_epi_17327 crossref_primary_10_1002_ana_27218 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ccc_2021_11_007 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jns_2021_120124 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jneuroim_2021_577586 crossref_primary_10_1002_acn3_70105 crossref_primary_10_1111_ene_15214 crossref_primary_10_1002_acn3_51540 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00415_019_09590_9 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jneuroim_2021_577508 crossref_primary_10_1097_YCO_0000000000000980 crossref_primary_10_1212_NXI_0000000000200189 crossref_primary_10_1212_NXI_0000000000200102 crossref_primary_10_2147_NDT_S482616 crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2021_641106 crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2022_1078396 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00415_024_12862_8 crossref_primary_10_1136_jnnp_2024_334285 crossref_primary_10_1002_acn3_51948 crossref_primary_10_1002_ana_27100 crossref_primary_10_3390_children10020182 crossref_primary_10_1002_acn3_52006 crossref_primary_10_1111_cns_14857 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13613_025_01436_0 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jneuroim_2023_578203 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12035_024_04109_4 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jneuroim_2023_578048 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11136_025_04052_4 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13023_025_03837_7 crossref_primary_10_3389_fneur_2025_1575835 crossref_primary_10_1080_00207454_2024_2410033 crossref_primary_10_1136_jnnp_2024_334957 crossref_primary_10_1002_jca_22112 crossref_primary_10_1111_ene_15585 crossref_primary_10_1136_jnnp_2022_330074 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12887_024_04824_w crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jneuroim_2020_577215 crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2022_911779 crossref_primary_10_1212_CON_0000000000001447 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_neuarg_2025_06_003 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_msard_2023_104996 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12883_024_03724_x crossref_primary_10_1002_acn3_51604 crossref_primary_10_1002_acn3_70006 crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2025_1591771 crossref_primary_10_1212_WNL_0000000000011937 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ejpn_2020_10_001 crossref_primary_10_1097_WCO_0000000000001050 crossref_primary_10_1111_cns_70534 crossref_primary_10_1212_NXI_0000000000200360 crossref_primary_10_1111_ene_70280 crossref_primary_10_1212_WNL_0000000000208019 crossref_primary_10_1002_acn3_51608 crossref_primary_10_1212_WNL_0000000000210109 crossref_primary_10_3389_fneur_2024_1441033 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jneuroim_2020_577329 crossref_primary_10_1136_jnnp_2020_325300 crossref_primary_10_1007_s13311_020_00921_7 crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2022_890656 crossref_primary_10_1155_2024_6183939 crossref_primary_10_1002_cti2_1439 crossref_primary_10_1111_epi_16848 crossref_primary_10_1136_jnnp_2021_326096 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00415_023_11685_3 crossref_primary_10_1212_NXI_0000000000001033 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ttbdis_2024_102431 crossref_primary_10_1007_s40263_022_00943_z crossref_primary_10_1007_s00415_025_13069_1 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00259_025_07526_2 crossref_primary_10_1097_WCO_0000000000001048 crossref_primary_10_2147_JIR_S548421 crossref_primary_10_1212_NXI_0000000000200412 crossref_primary_10_3390_brainsci12010004 crossref_primary_10_1212_WNL_0000000000200021 |
| Cites_doi | 10.1007/s13311-016-0442-6 10.1007/s11136-010-9606-8 10.1177/1756285617722347 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2006.03.012 10.3988/jcn.2016.12.1.1 10.1016/S1474-4422(15)00401-9 10.1161/01.STR.19.5.604 10.1177/001316447303300309 10.1016/S1474-4422(12)70310-1 10.1212/WNL.0000000000002635 10.1586/14737175.2015.1115720 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2016.09.001 10.1177/0013164403260197 10.1177/0748175613513808 10.2307/2529310 10.1037/h0031619 10.1056/NEJMra1708712 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | 2019 American Neurological Association 2019 American Neurological Association. |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: 2019 American Neurological Association – notice: 2019 American Neurological Association. |
| DBID | AAYXX CITATION CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM 7TK 7U7 C1K K9. 7X8 |
| DOI | 10.1002/ana.25421 |
| DatabaseName | CrossRef Medline MEDLINE MEDLINE (Ovid) MEDLINE MEDLINE PubMed Neurosciences Abstracts Toxicology Abstracts Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) MEDLINE - Academic |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef MEDLINE Medline Complete MEDLINE with Full Text PubMed MEDLINE (Ovid) ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) Toxicology Abstracts Neurosciences Abstracts Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management MEDLINE - Academic |
| DatabaseTitleList | MEDLINE - Academic MEDLINE ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) |
| Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: NPM name: PubMed url: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed sourceTypes: Index Database – sequence: 2 dbid: 7X8 name: MEDLINE - Academic url: https://search.proquest.com/medline sourceTypes: Aggregation Database |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Medicine |
| EISSN | 1531-8249 |
| EndPage | 358 |
| ExternalDocumentID | 30675918 10_1002_ana_25421 ANA25421 |
| Genre | article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Journal Article |
| GrantInformation_xml | – fundername: Ministry of Science, ICT, and Future Planning, Republic of Korea funderid: 2016M3C7A1914002; 2016R1C1B2011815 – fundername: National Research Foundation of Korea – fundername: Seoul National University Hospital funderid: 3020170130 – fundername: ICT & Future Planning, Republic of Korea funderid: 2016M3C7A1914002 by the Brain Research Program – fundername: Lee Sueng Moon Research Fund of Seoul National University Hospital funderid: 3020170130 – fundername: National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF) grant funded by the Ministry of Science funderid: 2016R1C1B2011815 – fundername: ICT & Future Planning, Republic of Korea grantid: 2016M3C7A1914002 by the Brain Research Program – fundername: Ministry of Science, ICT, and Future Planning, Republic of Korea grantid: 2016R1C1B2011815 – fundername: Seoul National University Hospital grantid: 3020170130 – fundername: Ministry of Science, ICT, and Future Planning, Republic of Korea grantid: 2016M3C7A1914002 – fundername: National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF) grant funded by the Ministry of Science grantid: 2016R1C1B2011815 – fundername: Lee Sueng Moon Research Fund of Seoul National University Hospital grantid: 3020170130 |
| GroupedDBID | --- .3N .55 .GA .GJ .Y3 05W 0R~ 10A 1CY 1L6 1OB 1OC 1ZS 23M 2QL 31~ 33P 3O- 3SF 3WU 4.4 4ZD 50Y 50Z 51W 51X 52M 52N 52O 52P 52R 52S 52T 52U 52V 52W 52X 53G 5GY 5VS 66C 6J9 6P2 6PF 702 7PT 8-0 8-1 8-3 8-4 8-5 8UM 930 A01 A03 AAEJM AAESR AAEVG AAHHS AAHQN AAIPD AAMNL AANHP AANLZ AAONW AAQQT AASGY AAWTL AAXRX AAYCA AAZKR ABCQN ABCUV ABEML ABIJN ABIVO ABJNI ABLJU ABOCM ABPVW ABQWH ABXGK ACAHQ ACBMB ACBWZ ACCFJ ACCZN ACGFO ACGFS ACGOF ACMXC ACPOU ACPRK ACRPL ACRZS ACSCC ACXBN ACXQS ACYXJ ADBBV ADBTR ADEOM ADIZJ ADKYN ADMGS ADNMO ADOZA ADXAS ADZMN ADZOD AEEZP AEGXH AEIGN AEIMD AENEX AEQDE AEUQT AEUYR AFAZI AFBPY AFFNX AFFPM AFGKR AFPWT AFRAH AFWVQ AFZJQ AHBTC AHMBA AI. AIACR AIAGR AITYG AIURR AIWBW AJBDE AJJEV ALAGY ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS ALUQN ALVPJ AMBMR AMYDB ASPBG ATUGU AVWKF AZBYB AZFZN AZVAB BAFTC BDRZF BFHJK BHBCM BMXJE BROTX BRXPI BY8 C45 CS3 D-6 D-7 D-E D-F DCZOG DPXWK DR1 DR2 DRFUL DRMAN DRSTM EBS EJD EMOBN F00 F01 F04 F5P F8P FEDTE FUBAC FYBCS G-S G.N GNP GODZA GOZPB GRPMH H.X HBH HF~ HGLYW HHY HHZ HVGLF HZ~ IX1 J0M J5H JPC KBYEO KD1 KQQ L7B LATKE LAW LC2 LC3 LEEKS LH4 LITHE LOXES LP6 LP7 LUTES LW6 LXL LXN LXY LYRES M6M MEWTI MK4 MRFUL MRMAN MRSTM MSFUL MSMAN MSSTM MXFUL MXMAN MXSTM N04 N05 N4W N9A NF~ NNB O66 O9- OHT OIG OVD P2P P2W P2X P2Z P4B P4D PALCI PQQKQ Q.- Q.N Q11 QB0 QRW R.K RIWAO RJQFR ROL RWD RWI RX1 SAMSI SJN SUPJJ TEORI UB1 V2E V8K V9Y VH1 W8V W99 WBKPD WH7 WHWMO WIB WIH WIJ WIK WJL WOHZO WQJ WRC WUP WVDHM WXI WXSBR X7M XG1 XJT XPP XSW XV2 YOC YQJ ZGI ZRF ZRR ZXP ZZTAW ~IA ~WT ~X8 AAMMB AAYXX AEFGJ AEYWJ AGHNM AGQPQ AGXDD AGYGG AIDQK AIDYY AIQQE CITATION O8X CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM 7TK 7U7 C1K K9. 7X8 |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c4191-71b0590ac9533d5df41def2dfe8a7fcfd8b0c8711ce04ec23595595df1b8c41d3 |
| IEDL.DBID | DRFUL |
| ISICitedReferencesCount | 166 |
| ISICitedReferencesURI | http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=000459920600006&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| ISSN | 0364-5134 1531-8249 |
| IngestDate | Fri Sep 05 09:41:02 EDT 2025 Thu Dec 04 03:50:05 EST 2025 Wed Feb 19 02:31:12 EST 2025 Tue Nov 18 22:39:56 EST 2025 Sat Nov 29 03:41:28 EST 2025 Wed Jan 22 16:59:21 EST 2025 |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 3 |
| Language | English |
| License | 2019 American Neurological Association. |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c4191-71b0590ac9533d5df41def2dfe8a7fcfd8b0c8711ce04ec23595595df1b8c41d3 |
| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-5863-0302 0000-0003-1433-8005 0000-0002-8113-2384 0000-0002-6127-1045 0000-0003-4767-7564 |
| PMID | 30675918 |
| PQID | 2186741761 |
| PQPubID | 946345 |
| PageCount | 8 |
| ParticipantIDs | proquest_miscellaneous_2179452148 proquest_journals_2186741761 pubmed_primary_30675918 crossref_citationtrail_10_1002_ana_25421 crossref_primary_10_1002_ana_25421 wiley_primary_10_1002_ana_25421_ANA25421 |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | March 2019 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2019-03-01 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 03 year: 2019 text: March 2019 |
| PublicationDecade | 2010 |
| PublicationPlace | United States |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: United States – name: Minneapolis |
| PublicationTitle | Annals of neurology |
| PublicationTitleAlternate | Ann Neurol |
| PublicationYear | 2019 |
| Publisher | Wiley Subscription Services, Inc |
| Publisher_xml | – name: Wiley Subscription Services, Inc |
| References | 2015; 15 1971; 76 2004; 64 1973; 33 1988; 19 2010; 19 2013; 12 2018; 378 2016; 86 2016; 299 2014; 47 2007; 60 1977; 33 1981 2018; 11 2016; 15 2016; 13 2016; 12 e_1_2_8_17_1 e_1_2_8_18_1 e_1_2_8_13_1 e_1_2_8_14_1 e_1_2_8_15_1 e_1_2_8_16_1 Fleiss JL (e_1_2_8_19_1) 1981 e_1_2_8_3_1 e_1_2_8_2_1 e_1_2_8_5_1 e_1_2_8_4_1 e_1_2_8_7_1 e_1_2_8_6_1 e_1_2_8_9_1 e_1_2_8_8_1 e_1_2_8_10_1 e_1_2_8_11_1 e_1_2_8_12_1 30877379 - J Neurol. 2019 May;266(5):1287-1289 31049995 - Ann Neurol. 2019 Jul;86(1):150 31050012 - Ann Neurol. 2019 Jul;86(1):150-151 |
| References_xml | – volume: 13 start-page: 824 year: 2016 end-page: 832 article-title: Tocilizumab in autoimmune encephalitis refractory to rituximab: an institutional cohort study publication-title: Neurotherapeutics – volume: 64 start-page: 243 year: 2004 end-page: 253 article-title: A Note on the interpretation of weighted kappa and its relations to other rater agreement statistics for metric scales publication-title: Educ Psychol Meas – year: 1981 – volume: 12 start-page: 1 year: 2016 end-page: 13 article-title: The diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune encephalitis publication-title: J Clin Neurol – volume: 19 start-page: 604 year: 1988 end-page: 607 article-title: Interobserver agreement for the assessment of handicap in stroke patients publication-title: Stroke – volume: 299 start-page: 107 year: 2016 end-page: 111 article-title: New feasible treatment for refractory autoimmune encephalitis: low‐dose interleukin‐2 publication-title: J Neuroimmunol – volume: 15 start-page: 391 year: 2016 end-page: 404 article-title: A clinical approach to diagnosis of autoimmune encephalitis publication-title: Lancet Neurol – volume: 33 start-page: 613 year: 1973 end-page: 619 article-title: The equivalence of weighted kappa and the intraclass correlation coefficient as measures of reliability publication-title: Educ Psychol Meas – volume: 47 start-page: 79 year: 2014 end-page: 86 article-title: Critical values for Lawshe's content validity ratio publication-title: Meas Eval Couns Dev – volume: 378 start-page: 840 year: 2018 end-page: 851 article-title: Antibody‐mediated encephalitis publication-title: N Engl J Med – volume: 86 start-page: 1683 year: 2016 end-page: 1691 article-title: Rituximab treatment for autoimmune limbic encephalitis in an institutional cohort publication-title: Neurology – volume: 60 start-page: 34 year: 2007 end-page: 42 article-title: Quality criteria were proposed for measurement properties of health status questionnaires publication-title: J Clin Epidemiol – volume: 33 start-page: 159 year: 1977 end-page: 174 article-title: The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data publication-title: Biometrics – volume: 15 start-page: 1391 year: 2015 end-page: 1419 article-title: Immune therapy in autoimmune encephalitis: a systematic review publication-title: Expert Rev Neurother – volume: 11 start-page: 1756285617722347 year: 2018 article-title: Treatment strategies for autoimmune encephalitis publication-title: Ther Adv Neurol Disord – volume: 12 start-page: 157 year: 2013 end-page: 165 article-title: Treatment and prognostic factors for long‐term outcome in patients with anti‐NMDA receptor encephalitis: an observational cohort study publication-title: Lancet Neurol – volume: 76 start-page: 378 year: 1971 end-page: 382 article-title: Measuring nominal scale agreement among many raters publication-title: Psychol Bull – volume: 19 start-page: 539 year: 2010 end-page: 549 article-title: The COSMIN checklist for assessing the methodological quality of studies on measurement properties of health status measurement instruments: an international Delphi study publication-title: Qual Life Res – ident: e_1_2_8_9_1 doi: 10.1007/s13311-016-0442-6 – volume-title: Statistical methods for rates and proportions year: 1981 ident: e_1_2_8_19_1 – ident: e_1_2_8_17_1 doi: 10.1007/s11136-010-9606-8 – ident: e_1_2_8_6_1 doi: 10.1177/1756285617722347 – ident: e_1_2_8_12_1 doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2006.03.012 – ident: e_1_2_8_4_1 doi: 10.3988/jcn.2016.12.1.1 – ident: e_1_2_8_3_1 doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(15)00401-9 – ident: e_1_2_8_11_1 doi: 10.1161/01.STR.19.5.604 – ident: e_1_2_8_15_1 doi: 10.1177/001316447303300309 – ident: e_1_2_8_7_1 doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(12)70310-1 – ident: e_1_2_8_8_1 doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000002635 – ident: e_1_2_8_5_1 doi: 10.1586/14737175.2015.1115720 – ident: e_1_2_8_10_1 doi: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2016.09.001 – ident: e_1_2_8_16_1 doi: 10.1177/0013164403260197 – ident: e_1_2_8_13_1 doi: 10.1177/0748175613513808 – ident: e_1_2_8_18_1 doi: 10.2307/2529310 – ident: e_1_2_8_14_1 doi: 10.1037/h0031619 – ident: e_1_2_8_2_1 doi: 10.1056/NEJMra1708712 – reference: 30877379 - J Neurol. 2019 May;266(5):1287-1289 – reference: 31050012 - Ann Neurol. 2019 Jul;86(1):150-151 – reference: 31049995 - Ann Neurol. 2019 Jul;86(1):150 |
| SSID | ssj0009610 |
| Score | 2.6297605 |
| Snippet | Objective
There is no scale for rating the severity of autoimmune encephalitis (AE). In this study, we aimed to develop a novel scale for rating severity in... There is no scale for rating the severity of autoimmune encephalitis (AE). In this study, we aimed to develop a novel scale for rating severity in patients... ObjectiveThere is no scale for rating the severity of autoimmune encephalitis (AE). In this study, we aimed to develop a novel scale for rating severity in... |
| SourceID | proquest pubmed crossref wiley |
| SourceType | Aggregation Database Index Database Enrichment Source Publisher |
| StartPage | 352 |
| SubjectTerms | Acceptability Adolescent Adult Aged Aggression - psychology Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis - complications Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis - physiopathology Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis - psychology Ataxia Ataxia - etiology Ataxia - physiopathology Autoimmune diseases Autoimmune Diseases - complications Autoimmune Diseases - physiopathology Autoimmune Diseases - psychology Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System - complications Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System - physiopathology Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System - psychology Brain stem Consistency Correlation analysis Correlation coefficient Correlation coefficients Delusions - psychology Dyskinesia Dyskinesias - etiology Dyskinesias - physiopathology Dystonia Dystonia - etiology Dystonia - physiopathology Encephalitis Encephalitis - complications Encephalitis - physiopathology Encephalitis - psychology Encephalomyelitis, Acute Disseminated - complications Encephalomyelitis, Acute Disseminated - physiopathology Encephalomyelitis, Acute Disseminated - psychology Female Gait Gait Disorders, Neurologic - etiology Gait Disorders, Neurologic - physiopathology Hallucinations - psychology Humans Language Disorders - etiology Language Disorders - physiopathology Limbic Encephalitis - complications Limbic Encephalitis - physiopathology Limbic Encephalitis - psychology Male Memory Disorders - etiology Memory Disorders - physiopathology Mental disorders Middle Aged Muscle Weakness - etiology Muscle Weakness - physiopathology Patients Reliability Reproducibility Reproducibility of Results Seizures - etiology Seizures - physiopathology Severity of Illness Index Signs and symptoms Stability Validity Young Adult |
| Title | Development of the clinical assessment scale in autoimmune encephalitis |
| URI | https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002%2Fana.25421 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30675918 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2186741761 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2179452148 |
| Volume | 85 |
| WOSCitedRecordID | wos000459920600006&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| journalDatabaseRights | – providerCode: PRVWIB databaseName: Wiley Online Library - Journals customDbUrl: eissn: 1531-8249 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0009610 issn: 0364-5134 databaseCode: DRFUL dateStart: 19990101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com providerName: Wiley-Blackwell |
| link | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV1LS8NAEB5qK-LF96NayyoeeonNY5Ns8FTU6kGLiIXewm52gwVJS9P6-53NqxYVBCGHhN082JnZ_Saz8w3ApSOUYMyVBmJxZdCAWQZ3KDN8XA5Mz7a8QPCs2IQ_GLDRKHiuwXWZC5PzQ1Q_3LRlZPO1NnAu0u6SNJQn_Aq9G51E3rBRb906NG5f-sPHJeeul5ER6Eib4VoOLYmFTLtb3by6HH3DmKuQNVtz-tv_-tod2CqgJunlurELNZXswcZTEUzfh_svG4bIJCYIBUmZKEl4xdhJUrxWZJwQvphPxjqfRBE9H0zfNIYfpwcw7N-93jwYRV0FI6LonqFYhE455ZHeWipdGVNLqtiWsWLcj6NYMmFG6EhZkTKpimydu4uHjC3B8AnSOYR6MknUMZDAUqgFLqdUh-tcX1Ah0McJpM6YRWzWhE45vGFUkI7r2hfvYU6XbIc4MGE2ME24qLpOc6aNnzq1ShmFhbGloS6rhcDI97D5vGpGM9GxD56oyUL3wYkHoQplTTjKZVu9JfOaAgtbOpkIf3992Bv0spOTv3c9hU0EWUG-b60F9flsoc5gPfpAAc3asOaPWLvQ3E9WAu2I |
| linkProvider | Wiley-Blackwell |
| linkToHtml | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV3dS8MwED9kivri98f8jOLDXurWLl1T8GWoc-IcIg72VpImxYG0wzn_fu_6NUUFQehDS65Nyd0lv0tyvwCcNZVRQrjaQixuLO4L25JNLiwPh4NGy7FbvpLpYRNevy-GQ_9hDi6KXJiMH6KccCPPSPtrcnCakK7PWENlLM8xvKEs8nmOZoT2PX_12Bn0ZqS7rZSNgJbaLNdu8oJZqOHUy5e_jkffQOZXzJoOOp3V__3uGqzkYJO1M-tYhzkTb8Difb6cvgk3n7YMsSRiCAZZkSrJZMnZySb4bNgoZnL6lowoo8Qw6hHGz4TiR5MtGHSuny67Vn6yghVyDNBQMYqSTmVIm0u1qyNuaxM5OjJCelEYaaEaIYZSdmga3IQOZe_ipSNbCfyCbm5DJU5iswvMtw3agSs5pwU711NcKYxyfE05s4jOqlAr2jcIc9pxOv3iJcgIk50AGyZIG6YKp6XoOOPa-EnooFBSkLvbJKCDtRAaeS0sPimL0VFo9UPGJpmSDHY9CFa4qMJOptyyljRu8m0sqaU6_L36oN1vpzd7fxc9hqXu030v6N327_ZhGSGXn-1iO4DK2-vUHMJC-I7Kej3KDfgD_GXwkA |
| linkToPdf | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV1ZS8NAEB6kFfHF-6jnKj70JbZJNs0GfCnWqqhFRMG3sJvdYEGS0sPf70wuFRUEIQ8JOznY2dn9JrPzDcCJq4wSwtMWYnFj8UDYlnS5sHxcDtodx-4ESmbFJvzBQDw_B_dzcFbmwuT8ENUPN7KMbL4mAzcjHbc-WENlIk_RvaEs8jqnIjI1qPce-k-3H6S7nYyNgEJtlme7vGQWajut6uav69E3kPkVs2aLTn_5f5-7AksF2GTdfHSswpxJ1mDhrginr8Plpy1DLI0ZgkFWpkoyWXF2sgleGzZMmJxN0yFllBhGM8LohVD8cLIBT_2Lx_Mrq6isYEUcHTRUjKKkUxnR5lLt6Zjb2sSOjo2QfhzFWqh2hK6UHZk2N5FD2bt46NhWAp-g3U2oJWlitoEFtsFx4EnOKWDn-YorhV5OoClnFtFZA5pl_4ZRQTtO1S9ew5ww2QmxY8KsYxpwXImOcq6Nn4T2SiWFhblNQiqshdDI72DzUdWMhkLRD5mYdEYyOPUgWOGiAVu5cqu3ZH5TYGNLM9Ph768Pu4NudrLzd9FDWLjv9cPb68HNLiwi4gryTWx7UJuOZ2Yf5qM31NX4oBi_751t8As |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Development+of+the+clinical+assessment+scale+in+autoimmune+encephalitis&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+neurology&rft.au=Lim%2C+Jung-Ah&rft.au=Lee%2C+Soon-Tae&rft.au=Moon%2C+Jangsup&rft.au=Jun%2C+Jin-Sun&rft.date=2019-03-01&rft.eissn=1531-8249&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=352&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fana.25421&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F30675918&rft.externalDocID=30675918 |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0364-5134&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0364-5134&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0364-5134&client=summon |