The contribution of wildfire to PM2.5 trends in the USA

Steady improvements in ambient air quality in the USA over the past several decades, in part a result of public policy 1 , 2 , have led to public health benefits 1 – 4 . However, recent trends in ambient concentrations of particulate matter with diameters less than 2.5 μm (PM 2.5 ), a pollutant regu...

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Vydané v:	Nature (London) Ročník 622; číslo 7984; s. 761 - 766
Hlavní autori:	Burke, Marshall, Childs, Marissa L., de la Cuesta, Brandon, Qiu, Minghao, Li, Jessica, Gould, Carlos F., Heft-Neal, Sam, Wara, Michael
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	English
Vydavateľské údaje:	London Nature Publishing Group UK 26.10.2023 Nature Publishing Group
Predmet:	704/172 704/844/4081 Agricultural production Air cleanliness Air pollution Air quality Environmental law Environmental regulations Humanities and Social Sciences multidisciplinary Outdoor air quality Particulate emissions Particulate matter Pollutants Public health Science Science (multidisciplinary) Smoke Trends Wildfires United States > US
ISSN:	0028-0836, 1476-4687, 1476-4687
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Abstract	Steady improvements in ambient air quality in the USA over the past several decades, in part a result of public policy 1 , 2 , have led to public health benefits 1 – 4 . However, recent trends in ambient concentrations of particulate matter with diameters less than 2.5 μm (PM 2.5 ), a pollutant regulated under the Clean Air Act 1 , have stagnated or begun to reverse throughout much of the USA 5 . Here we use a combination of ground- and satellite-based air pollution data from 2000 to 2022 to quantify the contribution of wildfire smoke to these PM 2.5 trends. We find that since at least 2016, wildfire smoke has influenced trends in average annual PM 2.5 concentrations in nearly three-quarters of states in the contiguous USA, eroding about 25% of previous multi-decadal progress in reducing PM 2.5 concentrations on average in those states, equivalent to 4 years of air quality progress, and more than 50% in many western states. Smoke influence on trends in the number of days with extreme PM 2.5 concentrations is detectable by 2011, but the influence can be detected primarily in western and mid-western states. Wildfire-driven increases in ambient PM 2.5 concentrations are unregulated under current air pollution law 6 and, in the absence of further interventions, we show that the contribution of wildfire to regional and national air quality trends is likely to grow as the climate continues to warm. Ground- and satellite-based air pollution data from 2000 to 2022 quantify the contribution of wildfire smoke to stagnation or reversal in PM 2.5 concentration trends, showing that this contribution will grow as the climate continues to warm.
AbstractList	Steady improvements in ambient air quality in the USA over the past several decades, in part a result of public policy12, have led to public health benefits14. However, recent trends in ambient concentrations of particulate matter with diameters less than 2.5 µm (PM2.5), a pollutant regulated underthe Clean Air Act1, have stagnated or begun to reverse throughout much of the USA5. Here we use a combination of ground- and satellite-based air pollution data from 2000 to 2022 to quantify the contribution of wildfire smoke to these PM2.5 trends. We find that since at least 2016, wildfire smoke has influenced trends in average annual PM2.5 concentrations in nearly three-quarters of states in the contiguous USA, eroding about 25% of previous multi-decadal progress in reducing PM2.5 concentrations on average in those states, equivalent to 4 years of air quality progress, and more than 50% in many western states. Smoke influence on trends in the number of days with extreme PM2.5 concentrations is detectable by 2011, but the influence can be detected primarily in western and mid-western states. Wildfire-driven increases in ambient PM2.5 concentrations are unregulated under current air pollution law6 and, in the absence of further interventions, we showthat the contribution of wildfire to regional and national air quality trends is likely to grow as the climate continues to warm. Steady improvements in ambient air quality in the USA over the past several decades, in part a result of public policy 1 , 2 , have led to public health benefits 1 – 4 . However, recent trends in ambient concentrations of particulate matter with diameters less than 2.5 μm (PM 2.5 ), a pollutant regulated under the Clean Air Act 1 , have stagnated or begun to reverse throughout much of the USA 5 . Here we use a combination of ground- and satellite-based air pollution data from 2000 to 2022 to quantify the contribution of wildfire smoke to these PM 2.5 trends. We find that since at least 2016, wildfire smoke has influenced trends in average annual PM 2.5 concentrations in nearly three-quarters of states in the contiguous USA, eroding about 25% of previous multi-decadal progress in reducing PM 2.5 concentrations on average in those states, equivalent to 4 years of air quality progress, and more than 50% in many western states. Smoke influence on trends in the number of days with extreme PM 2.5 concentrations is detectable by 2011, but the influence can be detected primarily in western and mid-western states. Wildfire-driven increases in ambient PM 2.5 concentrations are unregulated under current air pollution law 6 and, in the absence of further interventions, we show that the contribution of wildfire to regional and national air quality trends is likely to grow as the climate continues to warm. Ground- and satellite-based air pollution data from 2000 to 2022 quantify the contribution of wildfire smoke to stagnation or reversal in PM 2.5 concentration trends, showing that this contribution will grow as the climate continues to warm. Steady improvements in ambient air quality in the USA over the past several decades, in part a result of public policy1,2, have led to public health benefits1-4. However, recent trends in ambient concentrations of particulate matter with diameters less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5), a pollutant regulated under the Clean Air Act1, have stagnated or begun to reverse throughout much of the USA5. Here we use a combination of ground- and satellite-based air pollution data from 2000 to 2022 to quantify the contribution of wildfire smoke to these PM2.5 trends. We find that since at least 2016, wildfire smoke has influenced trends in average annual PM2.5 concentrations in nearly three-quarters of states in the contiguous USA, eroding about 25% of previous multi-decadal progress in reducing PM2.5 concentrations on average in those states, equivalent to 4 years of air quality progress, and more than 50% in many western states. Smoke influence on trends in the number of days with extreme PM2.5 concentrations is detectable by 2011, but the influence can be detected primarily in western and mid-western states. Wildfire-driven increases in ambient PM2.5 concentrations are unregulated under current air pollution law6 and, in the absence of further interventions, we show that the contribution of wildfire to regional and national air quality trends is likely to grow as the climate continues to warm.Steady improvements in ambient air quality in the USA over the past several decades, in part a result of public policy1,2, have led to public health benefits1-4. However, recent trends in ambient concentrations of particulate matter with diameters less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5), a pollutant regulated under the Clean Air Act1, have stagnated or begun to reverse throughout much of the USA5. Here we use a combination of ground- and satellite-based air pollution data from 2000 to 2022 to quantify the contribution of wildfire smoke to these PM2.5 trends. We find that since at least 2016, wildfire smoke has influenced trends in average annual PM2.5 concentrations in nearly three-quarters of states in the contiguous USA, eroding about 25% of previous multi-decadal progress in reducing PM2.5 concentrations on average in those states, equivalent to 4 years of air quality progress, and more than 50% in many western states. Smoke influence on trends in the number of days with extreme PM2.5 concentrations is detectable by 2011, but the influence can be detected primarily in western and mid-western states. Wildfire-driven increases in ambient PM2.5 concentrations are unregulated under current air pollution law6 and, in the absence of further interventions, we show that the contribution of wildfire to regional and national air quality trends is likely to grow as the climate continues to warm.
Author	Wara, Michael Li, Jessica de la Cuesta, Brandon Qiu, Minghao Gould, Carlos F. Childs, Marissa L. Burke, Marshall Heft-Neal, Sam
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Marshall orcidid: 0000-0003-4288-5858 surname: Burke fullname: Burke, Marshall email: mburke@stanford.edu organization: Doerr School of Sustainability, Stanford University, Center on Food Security and the Environment, Stanford University, National Bureau of Economic Research – sequence: 2 givenname: Marissa L. surname: Childs fullname: Childs, Marissa L. organization: Center for the Environment, Harvard University – sequence: 3 givenname: Brandon surname: de la Cuesta fullname: de la Cuesta, Brandon organization: Center on Food Security and the Environment, Stanford University – sequence: 4 givenname: Minghao orcidid: 0000-0002-5224-570X surname: Qiu fullname: Qiu, Minghao organization: Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University – sequence: 5 givenname: Jessica orcidid: 0000-0003-4542-853X surname: Li fullname: Li, Jessica organization: Center on Food Security and the Environment, Stanford University – sequence: 6 givenname: Carlos F. orcidid: 0000-0002-7736-3905 surname: Gould fullname: Gould, Carlos F. organization: Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University – sequence: 7 givenname: Sam orcidid: 0000-0002-9129-2365 surname: Heft-Neal fullname: Heft-Neal, Sam organization: Center on Food Security and the Environment, Stanford University – sequence: 8 givenname: Michael surname: Wara fullname: Wara, Michael organization: Doerr School of Sustainability, Stanford University, Woods Institute of the Environment, Stanford University
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Copyright	The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. Copyright Nature Publishing Group Oct 26, 2023 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.
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Snippet	Steady improvements in ambient air quality in the USA over the past several decades, in part a result of public policy 1 , 2 , have led to public health... Steady improvements in ambient air quality in the USA over the past several decades, in part a result of public policy12, have led to public health benefits14.... Steady improvements in ambient air quality in the USA over the past several decades, in part a result of public policy1,2, have led to public health...
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SubjectTerms	704/172 704/844/4081 Agricultural production Air cleanliness Air pollution Air quality Environmental law Environmental regulations Humanities and Social Sciences multidisciplinary Outdoor air quality Particulate emissions Particulate matter Pollutants Public health Science Science (multidisciplinary) Smoke Trends Wildfires
Title	The contribution of wildfire to PM2.5 trends in the USA
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