Towards a Situated Spatial Epidemiology of Violence: A Placially-Informed Geospatial Analysis of Homicide in Alagoas, Brazil

This paper presents an empirically grounded call for a more nuanced engagement and situatedness with placial characteristics within a spatial epidemiology frame. By using qualitative data collected through interviews and observation to parameterise standard and spatial regression models, and through...

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Vydané v:International journal of environmental research and public health Ročník 17; číslo 24; s. 9283
Hlavní autori: Walker, Blake Byron, Moura de Souza, Cléssio, Pedroso, Enrique, Lai, Ryan S., Hunter, Paige, Tam, Jessy, Cave, Isaac, Swanlund, David, Barbosa, Kevan Guilherme Nóbrega
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:English
Vydavateľské údaje: Switzerland MDPI AG 11.12.2020
MDPI
Predmet:
Adolescent
Brazil - epidemiology
Epidemiology
Female
Geography
Homicide
Humans
Income
Male
Mixed methods research
Poverty
Socioeconomic Factors
Violence
Brazil
GIS
social determinants
infrastructure
Brazil
crime
spatial epidemiology
homicide
violence
ISSN:1660-4601, 1661-7827, 1660-4601
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Shrnutí:This paper presents an empirically grounded call for a more nuanced engagement and situatedness with placial characteristics within a spatial epidemiology frame. By using qualitative data collected through interviews and observation to parameterise standard and spatial regression models, and through a critical interpretation of their results, we present initial inroads for a situated spatial epidemiology and an analytical framework for health/medical geographers to iteratively engage with data, modelling, and the context of both the subject and process of analysis. In this study, we explore the socioeconomic factors that influence homicide rates in the Brazilian state of Alagoas from a critical public health perspective. Informed by field observation and interviews with 24 youths in low-income neighbourhoods and prisons in Alagoas, we derive and critically reflect on three regression models to predict municipal homicide rates from 2016–2020. The model results indicate significant effects for the male population, persons without elementary school completion, households with reported income, divorced persons, households without piped water, and persons working outside their home municipality. These results are situated in the broader socioeconomic context, trajectories, and cycles of inequality in the study area and underscore the need for integrative and contextually engaged mixed method study design in spatial epidemiology.
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ISSN:1660-4601
1661-7827
1660-4601
DOI:10.3390/ijerph17249283