Tobacco Smoke Exposure, Urban and Environmental Factors as Respiratory Disease Predictors in Italian Adolescents

Risk monitoring in childhood is useful to estimate harmful health effects at later stages of life. Thus, here we have assessed the effects of tobacco smoke exposure and environmental pollution on the respiratory health of Italian children and adolescents using spirometry and the forced oscillation t...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of environmental research and public health Vol. 16; no. 20; p. 4048
Main Authors: Bellisario, Valeria, Piccioni, Pavilio, Bugiani, Massimiliano, Squillacioti, Giulia, Levra, Stefano, Gulotta, Carlo, Mengozzi, Giulio, Perboni, Alberto, Grignani, Elena, Bono, Roberto
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 22.10.2019
MDPI
Subjects:
Adolescent
Adult
Age
Air pollution
Airway management
Asthma
Child
Cotinine - urine
Elementary schools
Environmental Exposure
Female
Gender
Humans
Italy - epidemiology
Lifestyles
Male
Measurement techniques
Oxidative stress
Questionnaires
Regression analysis
Respiratory Tract Diseases - epidemiology
Respiratory Tract Diseases - physiopathology
Respiratory Tract Diseases - urine
Risk Factors
Spirometry
Surveys and Questionnaires
Teenagers
Tobacco smoke
Tobacco Smoke Pollution
Urbanization
Urine
Variables
Vehicle Emissions
Young Adult
Italy
United States > US
forced oscillation technique
tobacco smoke exposure
spirometry
childhood
environmental pollution
ISSN:1660-4601, 1661-7827, 1660-4601
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Risk monitoring in childhood is useful to estimate harmful health effects at later stages of life. Thus, here we have assessed the effects of tobacco smoke exposure and environmental pollution on the respiratory health of Italian children and adolescents using spirometry and the forced oscillation technique (FOT). For this purpose, we recruited 188 students aged 6–19 years living in Chivasso, Italy, and collected from them the following data: (1) one filled out questionnaire; (2) two respiratory measurements (i.e., spirometry and FOT); and (3) two urine tests for Cotinine (Cot) and 15-F2t-Isoprostane (15-F2t-IsoP) levels. We found a V-shape distribution for both Cotinine and 15-F2t-IsoP values, according to age groups, as well as a direct correlation (p = 0.000) between Cotinine and tobacco smoke exposure. These models demonstrate that tobacco smoke exposure, traffic, and the living environment play a fundamental role in the modulation of asthma-like symptoms (p = 0.020) and respiratory function (p = 0.007). Furthermore, the results from the 11–15-year group indicate that the growth process is a protective factor against the risk of respiratory disease later in life. Lastly, the FOT findings highlight the detrimental effects of tobacco smoke exposure and urbanization and traffic on respiratory health and asthma-like symptoms, respectively. Overall, monitoring environmental and behavioral factors in childhood can provide valuable information for preventing respiratory diseases in adulthood.
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ISSN:1660-4601
1661-7827
1660-4601
DOI:10.3390/ijerph16204048