Orbital Myositis: A Comprehensive Review and Reclassification

Orbital myositis occurs in typical and atypical forms. This review summarizes and updates the current state of knowledge of all forms of inflammation affecting extraocular muscle, excluding thyroid-associated orbitopathy. A comprehensive literature review of orbital myositis was performed. Orbital m...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Ophthalmic plastic and reconstructive surgery Vol. 36; no. 2; p. 109
Main Author: McNab, Alan A
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States 01.03.2020
Subjects:
Female
Graves Ophthalmopathy
Humans
Myositis - diagnosis
Oculomotor Muscles
Orbital Diseases
Orbital Myositis - diagnosis
Orbital Myositis - drug therapy
Young Adult
ISSN:1537-2677, 1537-2677
Online Access:Get more information
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Summary:Orbital myositis occurs in typical and atypical forms. This review summarizes and updates the current state of knowledge of all forms of inflammation affecting extraocular muscle, excluding thyroid-associated orbitopathy. A comprehensive literature review of orbital myositis was performed. Orbital myositis typically occurs in an idiopathic acute form, with painful diplopia due to inflammation in 1 or more extraocular muscles of young adult females, which usually responds to a course of oral corticosteroids. Atypical forms include idiopathic chronic or recurrent orbital myositis, and myositis related to systemic autoimmune, inflammatory, and infective conditions. The commonest associated autoimmune condition is inflammatory bowel disease. Immunoglobulin G4-related ophthalmic disease often affects extraocular muscle. Drug reactions and rarely paraneoplastic disease may also cause extraocular muscle inflammation. Orbital myositis occurs in a typical acute steroid responsive form, but atypical forms related to specific autoimmune and inflammatory conditions are increasingly recognized. Orbital myositis has many similarities to uveitis and would benefit from a systematic approach to nomenclature, diagnosis, and treatment.
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ISSN:1537-2677
1537-2677
DOI:10.1097/IOP.0000000000001429