Beneficial and harmful explanatory machine learning

Given the recent successes of Deep Learning in AI there has been increased interest in the role and need for explanations in machine learned theories. A distinct notion in this context is that of Michie’s definition of ultra-strong machine learning (USML). USML is demonstrated by a measurable increa...

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Vydané v:Machine learning Ročník 110; číslo 4; s. 695 - 721
Hlavní autori: Ai, Lun, Muggleton, Stephen H., Hocquette, Céline, Gromowski, Mark, Schmid, Ute
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:English
Vydavateľské údaje: New York Springer US 01.04.2021
Springer Nature B.V
Predmet:
Artificial Intelligence
Computer Science
Context
Control
Human performance
Machine Learning
Mechatronics
Natural Language Processing (NLP)
Robotics
Simulation and Modeling
Special issue on Learning and Reasoning
Comprehensibility
Ultra-strong machine learning
Explainable AI
Inductive logic programming
ISSN:0885-6125, 1573-0565
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Shrnutí:Given the recent successes of Deep Learning in AI there has been increased interest in the role and need for explanations in machine learned theories. A distinct notion in this context is that of Michie’s definition of ultra-strong machine learning (USML). USML is demonstrated by a measurable increase in human performance of a task following provision to the human of a symbolic machine learned theory for task performance. A recent paper demonstrates the beneficial effect of a machine learned logic theory for a classification task, yet no existing work to our knowledge has examined the potential harmfulness of machine’s involvement for human comprehension during learning. This paper investigates the explanatory effects of a machine learned theory in the context of simple two person games and proposes a framework for identifying the harmfulness of machine explanations based on the Cognitive Science literature. The approach involves a cognitive window consisting of two quantifiable bounds and it is supported by empirical evidence collected from human trials. Our quantitative and qualitative results indicate that human learning aided by a symbolic machine learned theory which satisfies a cognitive window has achieved significantly higher performance than human self learning. Results also demonstrate that human learning aided by a symbolic machine learned theory that fails to satisfy this window leads to significantly worse performance than unaided human learning.
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ISSN:0885-6125
1573-0565
DOI:10.1007/s10994-020-05941-0