ER as master regulator of membrane trafficking and organelle function

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which occupies a large portion of the cytoplasm, is the cell's main site for the biosynthesis of lipids and carbohydrate conjugates, and it is essential for folding, assembly, and biosynthetic transport of secreted proteins and integral membrane proteins. The dis...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The Journal of cell biology Vol. 221; no. 10
Main Authors: Wenzel, Eva Maria, Elfmark, Liv Anker, Stenmark, Harald, Raiborg, Camilla
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States 03.10.2022
Subjects:
Calcium - metabolism
Carbohydrates - biosynthesis
Cell Membrane - metabolism
Endoplasmic Reticulum - metabolism
Lipids - biosynthesis
Membrane Proteins - metabolism
Organelles
ISSN:1540-8140, 1540-8140
Online Access:Get more information
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Summary:The endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which occupies a large portion of the cytoplasm, is the cell's main site for the biosynthesis of lipids and carbohydrate conjugates, and it is essential for folding, assembly, and biosynthetic transport of secreted proteins and integral membrane proteins. The discovery of abundant membrane contact sites (MCSs) between the ER and other membrane compartments has revealed that, in addition to its biosynthetic and secretory functions, the ER plays key roles in the regulation of organelle dynamics and functions. In this review, we will discuss how the ER regulates endosomes, lysosomes, autophagosomes, mitochondria, peroxisomes, and the Golgi apparatus via MCSs. Such regulation occurs via lipid and Ca2+ transfer and also via control of in trans dephosphorylation reactions and organelle motility, positioning, fusion, and fission. The diverse controls of other organelles via MCSs manifest the ER as master regulator of organelle biology.
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ISSN:1540-8140
1540-8140
DOI:10.1083/jcb.202205135