Tuberculosis Meningitis

Purpose of Review As the most severe form of tuberculosis (TB), TB meningitis disproportionately affects developing countries and results in significant morbidity and mortality. In this report, we review recent updates in the epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of TB meningitis. Recent Findings...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Current infectious disease reports Vol. 19; no. 11; p. 39
Main Authors: Bourgi, Kassem, Fiske, Christina, Sterling, Timothy R.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: New York Springer US 01.11.2017
Springer Nature B.V
Subjects:
Antiretroviral agents
Central Nervous System Infections (K Bloch
Developing countries
Disease detection
Disease management
Epidemiology
Infectious Diseases
LDCs
Medical diagnosis
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Meningitis
Nucleic acids
Section Editor
Topical Collection on Central Nervous System Infections
Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis (TB)
Central nervous system (CNS)
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
ISSN:1523-3847, 1534-3146
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Purpose of Review As the most severe form of tuberculosis (TB), TB meningitis disproportionately affects developing countries and results in significant morbidity and mortality. In this report, we review recent updates in the epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of TB meningitis. Recent Findings Young children and people living with HIV continue to be at highest risk for TB meningitis. Early diagnosis remains challenging, especially since conventional diagnostic tests have sub-optimal sensitivity and specificity. Recently, nucleic acid amplification testing emerged as the preferred diagnostic modality due to its rapid turnaround time and high specificity. Summary Several recent studies have assessed the optimal treatment for TB meningitis. While the benefit of treatment intensification, by increasing rifampin dosing or adding a fluoroquinolone, is unclear, a growing body of evidence suggests that steroids confer a survival advantage, particularly in patients with mild disease. Additionally, TB meningitis management is further complicated by high rates of HIV co-infection. Recent data suggest that unlike other forms of TB, early initiation of antiretroviral therapy in patients with TB meningitis is associated with higher rates of adverse reactions, without improved survival. TB meningitis continues to be a significant problem worldwide. Despite recent advances, more studies are warranted to improve early disease detection and optimize therapy.
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ISSN:1523-3847
1534-3146
DOI:10.1007/s11908-017-0595-4