Sexual violence stigma experiences among refugee adolescents and youth in Bidi Bidi refugee settlement, Uganda: Qualitative insights informed by the stigma power process framework
There are over 100 million forcibly displaced persons who experience elevated risks for sexual violence. Sexual violence stigma can have immediate and long-lasting effects on social and health outcomes among survivors. There is a dearth of information on the experiences of sexual violence stigma amo...
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| Published in: | SSM - mental health Vol. 4; p. 100242 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier Ltd
15.12.2023
Elsevier |
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| ISSN: | 2666-5603, 2666-5603 |
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| Abstract | There are over 100 million forcibly displaced persons who experience elevated risks for sexual violence. Sexual violence stigma can have immediate and long-lasting effects on social and health outcomes among survivors. There is a dearth of information on the experiences of sexual violence stigma among refugee adolescents and youth, particularly in low and middle-income contexts where most forcibly displaced persons are hosted. Our study focuses on understanding the lived experiences of sexual violence stigma among refugee adolescents and youth in Bidi Bidi Refugee Settlement, Uganda. This qualitative study involved twelve individual in-depth interviews and six focus groups in Bidi Bidi with refugee youth aged 16–24, refugee elder interviews (n = 8), and service provider interviews (n = 10). We explored experiences and impacts of sexual violence stigma, including accessing supportive resources. We conducted thematic analysis informed by the Stigma Power Process framework. This framework examines how social processes of stigma serve to keep people ‘in’, ‘down’, and ‘away’. Participant narratives highlighted negative cultural conceptions of sexual violence survivors and of women and girls, as well as daily indignities targeting survivors that reinforced their lower status. Shaming sexual violence survivors as ‘immoral’ operated to keep people ‘in’ the social order where it was expected that ‘moral’ persons would not experience sexual violence. Fear of such judgment, and wanting to stay ‘in’, produced barriers for survivors to access healthcare and legal support. Participants reported community-level blame and punishment kept them ‘down’, and community isolation and rejection kept them ‘away’. At the individual level, survivors were kept ‘down’ through internalizing shame, low self-esteem, self-isolation, and hiding. Findings signal the need to address the far-ranging impacts of sexual violence stigma on refugee youth health, wellbeing, and rights. Meaningfully engaging refugee youth and communities in reducing sexual violence stigma must concomitantly transform inequitable gender norms and power relations. |
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| AbstractList | There are over 100 million forcibly displaced persons who experience elevated risks for sexual violence. Sexual violence stigma can have immediate and long-lasting effects on social and health outcomes among survivors. There is a dearth of information on the experiences of sexual violence stigma among refugee adolescents and youth, particularly in low and middle-income contexts where most forcibly displaced persons are hosted. Our study focuses on understanding the lived experiences of sexual violence stigma among refugee adolescents and youth in Bidi Bidi Refugee Settlement, Uganda. This qualitative study involved twelve individual in-depth interviews and six focus groups in Bidi Bidi with refugee youth aged 16–24, refugee elder interviews (n = 8), and service provider interviews (n = 10). We explored experiences and impacts of sexual violence stigma, including accessing supportive resources. We conducted thematic analysis informed by the Stigma Power Process framework. This framework examines how social processes of stigma serve to keep people ‘in’, ‘down’, and ‘away’. Participant narratives highlighted negative cultural conceptions of sexual violence survivors and of women and girls, as well as daily indignities targeting survivors that reinforced their lower status. Shaming sexual violence survivors as ‘immoral’ operated to keep people ‘in’ the social order where it was expected that ‘moral’ persons would not experience sexual violence. Fear of such judgment, and wanting to stay ‘in’, produced barriers for survivors to access healthcare and legal support. Participants reported community-level blame and punishment kept them ‘down’, and community isolation and rejection kept them ‘away’. At the individual level, survivors were kept ‘down’ through internalizing shame, low self-esteem, self-isolation, and hiding. Findings signal the need to address the far-ranging impacts of sexual violence stigma on refugee youth health, wellbeing, and rights. Meaningfully engaging refugee youth and communities in reducing sexual violence stigma must concomitantly transform inequitable gender norms and power relations. |
| ArticleNumber | 100242 |
| Author | Logie, Carmen H. Berry, Isha Loutet, Miranda G. Musoke, Daniel Kibuuka Kisubi, Nelson Coelho, Madelaine Okumu, Moses Lukone, Simon Odong Kyambadde, Peter |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Carmen H. orcidid: 0000-0002-8035-433X surname: Logie fullname: Logie, Carmen H. email: carmen.logie@utoronto.ca organization: Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1V4, Canada – sequence: 2 givenname: Moses surname: Okumu fullname: Okumu, Moses organization: School of Social Work, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA – sequence: 3 givenname: Madelaine surname: Coelho fullname: Coelho, Madelaine organization: Department of Sociology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 2J4, Canada – sequence: 4 givenname: Miranda G. surname: Loutet fullname: Loutet, Miranda G. organization: Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5T 3M7, Canada – sequence: 5 givenname: Isha surname: Berry fullname: Berry, Isha organization: Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5T 3M7, Canada – sequence: 6 givenname: Simon Odong surname: Lukone fullname: Lukone, Simon Odong organization: Uganda Refugee and Disaster Management Council, Yumbe, Uganda – sequence: 7 givenname: Nelson surname: Kisubi fullname: Kisubi, Nelson organization: Uganda Refugee and Disaster Management Council, Yumbe, Uganda – sequence: 8 givenname: Daniel Kibuuka surname: Musoke fullname: Musoke, Daniel Kibuuka organization: Uganda Refugee and Disaster Management Council, Yumbe, Uganda – sequence: 9 givenname: Peter surname: Kyambadde fullname: Kyambadde, Peter organization: National AIDS Coordinating Program, Ugandan Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda |
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| Keywords | Uganda Youth Refugees Sexual violence Adolescents Stigma |
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