The Safety and Tolerability of Linezolid in Novel Short-Course Regimens Containing Bedaquiline, Pretomanid, and Linezolid to Treat Rifampicin-Resistant Tuberculosis: An Individual Patient Data Meta-analysis
Abstract Background Effectiveness, safety, tolerability, and adherence are critical considerations in shifting to shorter tuberculosis (TB) regimens. Novel 6-month oral regimens that include bedaquiline (B), pretomanid (Pa), and linezolid (L), with or without a fourth drug, have been shown to be as...
Saved in:
| Published in: | Clinical infectious diseases Vol. 78; no. 3; pp. 730 - 741 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
US
Oxford University Press
20.03.2024
|
| Subjects: | |
| ISSN: | 1058-4838, 1537-6591, 1537-6591 |
| Online Access: | Get full text |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| Abstract | Abstract
Background
Effectiveness, safety, tolerability, and adherence are critical considerations in shifting to shorter tuberculosis (TB) regimens. Novel 6-month oral regimens that include bedaquiline (B), pretomanid (Pa), and linezolid (L), with or without a fourth drug, have been shown to be as or more effective than the established longer regimens for the treatment of multidrug-resistant/rifampicin-resistant TB (MDR/RR-TB). We aimed to evaluate the safety and tolerability of linezolid in BPaL-containing regimens for the treatment of MDR/RR-TB among recently completed clinical trials.
Methods
A review and meta-analysis was undertaken including published and unpublished data from clinical trials, conducted between 2010 and 2021, that evaluated regimens containing BPaL for the treatment of MDR/RR-TB. Individual patient data were obtained. For each BPaL-containing regimen, we evaluated the frequency and severity of treatment-related adverse events. The risk difference of adverse events for each regimen was calculated, in comparison to patients assigned to receiving the lowest cumulative exposure of linezolid.
Results
Data from 3 clinical trials investigating 8 unique BPaL-containing regimens were included, comprising a total of 591 participants. Adverse events were more frequent in groups randomized to a higher cumulative linezolid dose. Among patients who were randomized to a daily dose of 1200 mg linezolid, 68 of 195 (35%) experienced a grade 3–4 adverse event versus 89 of 396 (22%) patients receiving BPaL-containing regimens containing 600 mg linezolid.
Conclusions
Regimens containing BPaL were relatively well tolerated when they included a daily linezolid dose of 600 mg. These novel regimens promise to improve the tolerability of treatment for MDR/RR-TB.
Different bedaquiline, pretomanid, and linezolid–containing regimens from recently published clinical trials for the treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis are compared. Different linezolid doses and durations were used in these regimens, allowing for an assessment of the safety of linezolid. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Effectiveness, safety, tolerability, and adherence are critical considerations in shifting to shorter tuberculosis (TB) regimens. Novel 6-month oral regimens that include bedaquiline (B), pretomanid (Pa), and linezolid (L), with or without a fourth drug, have been shown to be as or more effective than the established longer regimens for the treatment of multidrug-resistant/rifampicin-resistant TB (MDR/RR-TB). We aimed to evaluate the safety and tolerability of linezolid in BPaL-containing regimens for the treatment of MDR/RR-TB among recently completed clinical trials.BACKGROUNDEffectiveness, safety, tolerability, and adherence are critical considerations in shifting to shorter tuberculosis (TB) regimens. Novel 6-month oral regimens that include bedaquiline (B), pretomanid (Pa), and linezolid (L), with or without a fourth drug, have been shown to be as or more effective than the established longer regimens for the treatment of multidrug-resistant/rifampicin-resistant TB (MDR/RR-TB). We aimed to evaluate the safety and tolerability of linezolid in BPaL-containing regimens for the treatment of MDR/RR-TB among recently completed clinical trials.A review and meta-analysis was undertaken including published and unpublished data from clinical trials, conducted between 2010 and 2021, that evaluated regimens containing BPaL for the treatment of MDR/RR-TB. Individual patient data were obtained. For each BPaL-containing regimen, we evaluated the frequency and severity of treatment-related adverse events. The risk difference of adverse events for each regimen was calculated, in comparison to patients assigned to receiving the lowest cumulative exposure of linezolid.METHODSA review and meta-analysis was undertaken including published and unpublished data from clinical trials, conducted between 2010 and 2021, that evaluated regimens containing BPaL for the treatment of MDR/RR-TB. Individual patient data were obtained. For each BPaL-containing regimen, we evaluated the frequency and severity of treatment-related adverse events. The risk difference of adverse events for each regimen was calculated, in comparison to patients assigned to receiving the lowest cumulative exposure of linezolid.Data from 3 clinical trials investigating 8 unique BPaL-containing regimens were included, comprising a total of 591 participants. Adverse events were more frequent in groups randomized to a higher cumulative linezolid dose. Among patients who were randomized to a daily dose of 1200 mg linezolid, 68 of 195 (35%) experienced a grade 3-4 adverse event versus 89 of 396 (22%) patients receiving BPaL-containing regimens containing 600 mg linezolid.RESULTSData from 3 clinical trials investigating 8 unique BPaL-containing regimens were included, comprising a total of 591 participants. Adverse events were more frequent in groups randomized to a higher cumulative linezolid dose. Among patients who were randomized to a daily dose of 1200 mg linezolid, 68 of 195 (35%) experienced a grade 3-4 adverse event versus 89 of 396 (22%) patients receiving BPaL-containing regimens containing 600 mg linezolid.Regimens containing BPaL were relatively well tolerated when they included a daily linezolid dose of 600 mg. These novel regimens promise to improve the tolerability of treatment for MDR/RR-TB.CONCLUSIONSRegimens containing BPaL were relatively well tolerated when they included a daily linezolid dose of 600 mg. These novel regimens promise to improve the tolerability of treatment for MDR/RR-TB. Abstract Background Effectiveness, safety, tolerability, and adherence are critical considerations in shifting to shorter tuberculosis (TB) regimens. Novel 6-month oral regimens that include bedaquiline (B), pretomanid (Pa), and linezolid (L), with or without a fourth drug, have been shown to be as or more effective than the established longer regimens for the treatment of multidrug-resistant/rifampicin-resistant TB (MDR/RR-TB). We aimed to evaluate the safety and tolerability of linezolid in BPaL-containing regimens for the treatment of MDR/RR-TB among recently completed clinical trials. Methods A review and meta-analysis was undertaken including published and unpublished data from clinical trials, conducted between 2010 and 2021, that evaluated regimens containing BPaL for the treatment of MDR/RR-TB. Individual patient data were obtained. For each BPaL-containing regimen, we evaluated the frequency and severity of treatment-related adverse events. The risk difference of adverse events for each regimen was calculated, in comparison to patients assigned to receiving the lowest cumulative exposure of linezolid. Results Data from 3 clinical trials investigating 8 unique BPaL-containing regimens were included, comprising a total of 591 participants. Adverse events were more frequent in groups randomized to a higher cumulative linezolid dose. Among patients who were randomized to a daily dose of 1200 mg linezolid, 68 of 195 (35%) experienced a grade 3–4 adverse event versus 89 of 396 (22%) patients receiving BPaL-containing regimens containing 600 mg linezolid. Conclusions Regimens containing BPaL were relatively well tolerated when they included a daily linezolid dose of 600 mg. These novel regimens promise to improve the tolerability of treatment for MDR/RR-TB. Different bedaquiline, pretomanid, and linezolid–containing regimens from recently published clinical trials for the treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis are compared. Different linezolid doses and durations were used in these regimens, allowing for an assessment of the safety of linezolid. Effectiveness, safety, tolerability, and adherence are critical considerations in shifting to shorter tuberculosis (TB) regimens. Novel 6-month oral regimens that include bedaquiline (B), pretomanid (Pa), and linezolid (L), with or without a fourth drug, have been shown to be as or more effective than the established longer regimens for the treatment of multidrug-resistant/rifampicin-resistant TB (MDR/RR-TB). We aimed to evaluate the safety and tolerability of linezolid in BPaL-containing regimens for the treatment of MDR/RR-TB among recently completed clinical trials. A review and meta-analysis was undertaken including published and unpublished data from clinical trials, conducted between 2010 and 2021, that evaluated regimens containing BPaL for the treatment of MDR/RR-TB. Individual patient data were obtained. For each BPaL-containing regimen, we evaluated the frequency and severity of treatment-related adverse events. The risk difference of adverse events for each regimen was calculated, in comparison to patients assigned to receiving the lowest cumulative exposure of linezolid. Data from 3 clinical trials investigating 8 unique BPaL-containing regimens were included, comprising a total of 591 participants. Adverse events were more frequent in groups randomized to a higher cumulative linezolid dose. Among patients who were randomized to a daily dose of 1200 mg linezolid, 68 of 195 (35%) experienced a grade 3-4 adverse event versus 89 of 396 (22%) patients receiving BPaL-containing regimens containing 600 mg linezolid. Regimens containing BPaL were relatively well tolerated when they included a daily linezolid dose of 600 mg. These novel regimens promise to improve the tolerability of treatment for MDR/RR-TB. |
| Author | Schumacher, Samuel Dodd, Matthew Hasan, Tasnim Schlub, Tim Nyang'wa, Bern-Thomas Motta, Ilaria Fox, Greg Berry, Catherine Foraida, Salah Li, Mengchun Medcalf, Ellie Gegia, Medea Mirzayev, Fuad Morgan, Hannah Egizi, Erica Nguyen, Linh |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Tasnim orcidid: 0000-0001-6407-8155 surname: Hasan fullname: Hasan, Tasnim – sequence: 2 givenname: Ellie surname: Medcalf fullname: Medcalf, Ellie – sequence: 3 givenname: Bern-Thomas surname: Nyang'wa fullname: Nyang'wa, Bern-Thomas – sequence: 4 givenname: Erica surname: Egizi fullname: Egizi, Erica – sequence: 5 givenname: Catherine surname: Berry fullname: Berry, Catherine – sequence: 6 givenname: Matthew surname: Dodd fullname: Dodd, Matthew – sequence: 7 givenname: Salah surname: Foraida fullname: Foraida, Salah – sequence: 8 givenname: Medea surname: Gegia fullname: Gegia, Medea – sequence: 9 givenname: Mengchun surname: Li fullname: Li, Mengchun – sequence: 10 givenname: Fuad surname: Mirzayev fullname: Mirzayev, Fuad – sequence: 11 givenname: Hannah surname: Morgan fullname: Morgan, Hannah – sequence: 12 givenname: Ilaria surname: Motta fullname: Motta, Ilaria – sequence: 13 givenname: Linh surname: Nguyen fullname: Nguyen, Linh – sequence: 14 givenname: Samuel surname: Schumacher fullname: Schumacher, Samuel – sequence: 15 givenname: Tim surname: Schlub fullname: Schlub, Tim – sequence: 16 givenname: Greg surname: Fox fullname: Fox, Greg email: greg.fox@sydney.edu.au |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37874021$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
| BookMark | eNpFkU1v1DAQhi1URD_gxB35hDg0YMf5cLi1Cy2VFqi24RxN4kk7yLG3sVNp-ZH8Jgxd4DCa0TuP3pHmPWYHzjtk7KUUb6Vo1LuBTCowVamesCNZqjqrykYepFmUOiu00ofsOITvQkipRfmMHapa14XI5RH72d4hv4ER446DM7z1FmfoyVIS_MjX5PCHt2Q4Of7FP6DlN3d-jtnKL3NAvsFbmtAFvvIuAjlyt_wcDdwvycLhKb-eMfoJHJnTPwf-G0bP2xkh8g2NMG1pIJdtMFCI4CJvlx7nYbE-Ce_5meNXztADmQUsv4ZImJgPEIF_xggZOLC7RD5nT0ewAV_s-wn7dvGxXX3K1l8vr1Zn62wopIpZPdR9VY4CcmmE6rEaEEArUcjGoBwKMP3YS9OoQRuo08_qomzMqGuolFG1VCfszaPvdvb3C4bYTRQGtBYc-iV0udYyL6q8yBP6ao8u_YSm2840wbzr_maQgNePgF-2_7ZSdL_D7VK43T5c9Qv_8Jwh |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1016_S1473_3099_25_00362_7 crossref_primary_10_1093_cid_ciae388 crossref_primary_10_1093_cid_ciaf214 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_bmcl_2024_129846 crossref_primary_10_3390_pharmaceutics16060818 crossref_primary_10_1111_tmi_14091 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijantimicag_2024_107302 crossref_primary_10_2147_IDR_S499816 crossref_primary_10_3390_antibiotics14010007 crossref_primary_10_1093_infdis_jiaf005 crossref_primary_10_4103_apjtm_apjtm_244_24 crossref_primary_10_36416_1806_3756_e20240391 crossref_primary_10_1183_13993003_00315_2025 crossref_primary_10_5588_ijtldopen_25_0151 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Infectious Diseases Society of America. 2023 The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Infectious Diseases Society of America. |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Infectious Diseases Society of America. 2023 – notice: The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Infectious Diseases Society of America. |
| DBID | TOX CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM 7X8 |
| DOI | 10.1093/cid/ciad653 |
| DatabaseName | Oxford Journals Open Access Collection Medline MEDLINE MEDLINE (Ovid) MEDLINE MEDLINE PubMed MEDLINE - Academic |
| DatabaseTitle | MEDLINE Medline Complete MEDLINE with Full Text PubMed MEDLINE (Ovid) MEDLINE - Academic |
| DatabaseTitleList | MEDLINE - Academic MEDLINE |
| Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: NPM name: PubMed url: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed sourceTypes: Index Database – sequence: 2 dbid: TOX name: Oxford Journals Open Access Collection url: https://academic.oup.com/journals/ sourceTypes: Publisher – sequence: 3 dbid: 7X8 name: MEDLINE - Academic url: https://search.proquest.com/medline sourceTypes: Aggregation Database |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Medicine |
| EISSN | 1537-6591 |
| EndPage | 741 |
| ExternalDocumentID | 37874021 10.1093/cid/ciad653 |
| Genre | Meta-Analysis Review Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Journal Article |
| GrantInformation_xml | – fundername: World Health Organization grantid: 001 |
| GroupedDBID | --- ..I .2P .GJ .I3 .ZR 08P 0R~ 1KJ 1TH 29B 2AX 2WC 36B 3O- 4.4 48X 53G 5GY 5RE 5VS 5WD 6J9 70D AABZA AACGO AACZT AAJKP AAJQQ AAMVS AANCE AAOGV AAPGJ AAPNW AAPQZ AAPXW AAQQT AARHZ AAUAY AAUQX AAVAP AAWDT AAYOK ABBHK ABDFA ABEJV ABEUO ABGNP ABIXL ABJNI ABKDP ABLJU ABNGD ABNHQ ABNKS ABOCM ABPLY ABPQP ABPTD ABQLI ABQNK ABSMQ ABTLG ABVGC ABWST ABXSQ ABXVV ABZBJ ACFRR ACGFO ACGFS ACHIC ACPQN ACPRK ACUFI ACUKT ACUTJ ACUTO ACVCV ACYHN ACZBC ADBBV ADEYI ADGZP ADHKW ADHZD ADIPN ADMTO ADNBA ADOCK ADQBN ADQXQ ADRTK ADULT ADVEK ADYVW ADZXQ AEGPL AEGXH AEJOX AEKPW AEKSI AEMDU AEMQT AENEX AENZO AEPUE AETBJ AEUPB AEWNT AEXZC AFFNX AFFQV AFFZL AFIYH AFOFC AFRAH AFSHK AFXAL AFYAG AGINJ AGKEF AGKRT AGMDO AGQXC AGSYK AGUTN AHMBA AHMMS AHXPO AI. AIAGR AIJHB AJDVS AJEEA AJNCP ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS ALUQC ALXQX APIBT APJGH APWMN AQDSO AQKUS AQVQM ASPBG ATGXG AVNTJ AVWKF AXUDD AZFZN BAWUL BAYMD BCRHZ BEYMZ BHONS BTRTY BVRKM BZKNY C1A C45 CDBKE CS3 CZ4 DAKXR DCCCD DIK DILTD DU5 D~K E3Z EBS EE~ EIHJH EJD EMOBN ENERS F5P F9B FECEO FEDTE FLUFQ FOEOM FOTVD FQBLK GAUVT GJXCC H13 H5~ HAR HQ3 HTVGU HVGLF HW0 HZ~ IOX IPSME J21 J5H JAAYA JBMMH JENOY JHFFW JKQEH JLS JLXEF JPM JSG JST JXSIZ KAQDR KBUDW KOP KSI KSN L7B M49 MBLQV MHKGH MJL ML0 N4W N9A NGC NOMLY NOYVH NU- NVLIB O0~ O9- OAUYM OAWHX OBFPC OCZFY ODMLO ODZKP OJQWA OJZSN OK1 OPAEJ OVD OWPYF O~Y P2P P6G PAFKI PB- PEELM PQQKQ Q1. Q5Y QBD RD5 ROX ROZ RUSNO RW1 RXO SA0 SJN TCURE TEORI TJX TMA TOX TR2 VH1 W8F X7H Y6R YAYTL YKOAZ YXANX ZGI ~91 ~S- AGORE AHGBF AJBYB CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM 7X8 |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c413t-7c7b65f0a21d03be6ceaa830419de1c4adbfb1d93c8da78057459df87a63d3713 |
| IEDL.DBID | TOX |
| ISICitedReferencesCount | 16 |
| ISICitedReferencesURI | http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=001102678900001&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| ISSN | 1058-4838 1537-6591 |
| IngestDate | Thu Oct 02 10:26:02 EDT 2025 Sat May 31 02:13:37 EDT 2025 Wed Apr 02 07:06:43 EDT 2025 |
| IsDoiOpenAccess | true |
| IsOpenAccess | true |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 3 |
| Keywords | severe adverse events linezolid multidrug-resistant tuberculosis BPaL |
| Language | English |
| License | This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Infectious Diseases Society of America. |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c413t-7c7b65f0a21d03be6ceaa830419de1c4adbfb1d93c8da78057459df87a63d3713 |
| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 ObjectType-Review-3 content type line 23 |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-6407-8155 |
| OpenAccessLink | https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciad653 |
| PMID | 37874021 |
| PQID | 2881246242 |
| PQPubID | 23479 |
| PageCount | 12 |
| ParticipantIDs | proquest_miscellaneous_2881246242 pubmed_primary_37874021 oup_primary_10_1093_cid_ciad653 |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 2024-03-20 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2024-03-20 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 03 year: 2024 text: 2024-03-20 day: 20 |
| PublicationDecade | 2020 |
| PublicationPlace | US |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: US – name: United States |
| PublicationTitle | Clinical infectious diseases |
| PublicationTitleAlternate | Clin Infect Dis |
| PublicationYear | 2024 |
| Publisher | Oxford University Press |
| Publisher_xml | – name: Oxford University Press |
| SSID | ssj0011805 |
| Score | 2.5229943 |
| SecondaryResourceType | review_article |
| Snippet | Abstract
Background
Effectiveness, safety, tolerability, and adherence are critical considerations in shifting to shorter tuberculosis (TB) regimens. Novel... Effectiveness, safety, tolerability, and adherence are critical considerations in shifting to shorter tuberculosis (TB) regimens. Novel 6-month oral regimens... |
| SourceID | proquest pubmed oup |
| SourceType | Aggregation Database Index Database Publisher |
| StartPage | 730 |
| SubjectTerms | Antitubercular Agents - adverse effects Diarylquinolines - therapeutic use Humans Linezolid - adverse effects Nitroimidazoles Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic Rifampin - pharmacology Tuberculosis - drug therapy Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant - drug therapy |
| Title | The Safety and Tolerability of Linezolid in Novel Short-Course Regimens Containing Bedaquiline, Pretomanid, and Linezolid to Treat Rifampicin-Resistant Tuberculosis: An Individual Patient Data Meta-analysis |
| URI | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37874021 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2881246242 |
| Volume | 78 |
| WOSCitedRecordID | wos001102678900001&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| link | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwjV1di9QwFA26iPii69c6uq5X8HGL_UwT31bXRcEZh9kq81bS5EYLY7O26cL6I_c3mbR1hFXQl1AKSQMnbU567z2HkBcYK5lUsgpElIkg1f4KtWsoFWGqGeNDMubnD_liwdZrvpwSZLu_hPB58lI6VNw8Fc28qGeUMW9UUHxcb4MFERsyFR1TGP6NsakM70rfKxVsfxDJYUM5ufO_U9kltyfKCEcjxnfJNWzukZvzKSh-n1w6qOFUaLQXIBoFhdlgO8pvX4DR4I6b-MNsagV1Awtzjhs4_epYd-D96jqEFX7xEv8deKWq0TACXqMS3_vac9BDWLZojdfJUIfDA34PaA0UnnXCqtbi25mfULDCznPSxkLRV9jKfmPcjVdw1MD7bfUXLEc9VzgWVsAcrQjEJI_ygHw6eVu8eRdMNg2BdDugDXKZVzTToYgjFSYVUolCsCRMI64wkqlQla4ixRPJlPAWCnmacaVZLmiiEndIfkh2GtPgIwIcWSapzKl2CyVEzjHmKQ8rKjP3eajojDxzGJZnoxBHOQbQk9K7D0-wzMjzX_iW7kXx0Q_RoOm7Mmaey_hymBnZG4HfDpTk3pkwjh7_c_wn5FbsaI3PQovDfbJj2x6fkhvy3NZde0Cu52vm2sVyfjCs0Z9laOaR |
| linkProvider | Oxford University Press |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Safety+and+Tolerability+of+Linezolid+in+Novel+Short-Course+Regimens+Containing+Bedaquiline%2C+Pretomanid%2C+and+Linezolid+to+Treat+Rifampicin-Resistant+Tuberculosis%3A+An+Individual+Patient+Data+Meta-analysis&rft.jtitle=Clinical+infectious+diseases&rft.au=Hasan%2C+Tasnim&rft.au=Medcalf%2C+Ellie&rft.au=Nyang%27wa%2C+Bern-Thomas&rft.au=Egizi%2C+Erica&rft.date=2024-03-20&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.issn=1058-4838&rft.eissn=1537-6591&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=730&rft.epage=741&rft_id=info:doi/10.1093%2Fcid%2Fciad653&rft.externalDocID=10.1093%2Fcid%2Fciad653 |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1058-4838&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1058-4838&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1058-4838&client=summon |