Organic synthesis in a modular robotic system driven by a chemical programming language
The synthesis of complex organic compounds is largely a manual process that is often incompletely documented. To address these shortcomings, we developed an abstraction that maps commonly reported methodological instructions into discrete steps amenable to automation. These unit operations were impl...
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| Published in: | Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science) Vol. 363; no. 6423 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
United States
11.01.2019
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| ISSN: | 1095-9203, 1095-9203 |
| Online Access: | Get more information |
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| Abstract | The synthesis of complex organic compounds is largely a manual process that is often incompletely documented. To address these shortcomings, we developed an abstraction that maps commonly reported methodological instructions into discrete steps amenable to automation. These unit operations were implemented in a modular robotic platform by using a chemical programming language that formalizes and controls the assembly of the molecules. We validated the concept by directing the automated system to synthesize three pharmaceutical compounds, diphenhydramine hydrochloride, rufinamide, and sildenafil, without any human intervention. Yields and purities of products and intermediates were comparable to or better than those achieved manually. The syntheses are captured as digital code that can be published, versioned, and transferred flexibly between platforms with no modification, thereby greatly enhancing reproducibility and reliable access to complex molecules. |
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| AbstractList | The synthesis of complex organic compounds is largely a manual process that is often incompletely documented. To address these shortcomings, we developed an abstraction that maps commonly reported methodological instructions into discrete steps amenable to automation. These unit operations were implemented in a modular robotic platform by using a chemical programming language that formalizes and controls the assembly of the molecules. We validated the concept by directing the automated system to synthesize three pharmaceutical compounds, diphenhydramine hydrochloride, rufinamide, and sildenafil, without any human intervention. Yields and purities of products and intermediates were comparable to or better than those achieved manually. The syntheses are captured as digital code that can be published, versioned, and transferred flexibly between platforms with no modification, thereby greatly enhancing reproducibility and reliable access to complex molecules.The synthesis of complex organic compounds is largely a manual process that is often incompletely documented. To address these shortcomings, we developed an abstraction that maps commonly reported methodological instructions into discrete steps amenable to automation. These unit operations were implemented in a modular robotic platform by using a chemical programming language that formalizes and controls the assembly of the molecules. We validated the concept by directing the automated system to synthesize three pharmaceutical compounds, diphenhydramine hydrochloride, rufinamide, and sildenafil, without any human intervention. Yields and purities of products and intermediates were comparable to or better than those achieved manually. The syntheses are captured as digital code that can be published, versioned, and transferred flexibly between platforms with no modification, thereby greatly enhancing reproducibility and reliable access to complex molecules. The synthesis of complex organic compounds is largely a manual process that is often incompletely documented. To address these shortcomings, we developed an abstraction that maps commonly reported methodological instructions into discrete steps amenable to automation. These unit operations were implemented in a modular robotic platform by using a chemical programming language that formalizes and controls the assembly of the molecules. We validated the concept by directing the automated system to synthesize three pharmaceutical compounds, diphenhydramine hydrochloride, rufinamide, and sildenafil, without any human intervention. Yields and purities of products and intermediates were comparable to or better than those achieved manually. The syntheses are captured as digital code that can be published, versioned, and transferred flexibly between platforms with no modification, thereby greatly enhancing reproducibility and reliable access to complex molecules. |
| Author | Angelone, Davide Cronin, Leroy Andreou, Anna Wolf, Jakob Aragon-Camarasa, Gerardo Hinkley, Trevor Kitson, Philip J Glatzel, Stefan Granda, Jarosław M Steiner, Sebastian Keenan, Graham |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Sebastian orcidid: 0000-0001-9582-427X surname: Steiner fullname: Steiner, Sebastian organization: School of Chemistry, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK – sequence: 2 givenname: Jakob orcidid: 0000-0003-0201-2745 surname: Wolf fullname: Wolf, Jakob organization: School of Chemistry, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK – sequence: 3 givenname: Stefan orcidid: 0000-0002-0744-0135 surname: Glatzel fullname: Glatzel, Stefan organization: School of Chemistry, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK – sequence: 4 givenname: Anna surname: Andreou fullname: Andreou, Anna organization: School of Chemistry, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK – sequence: 5 givenname: Jarosław M orcidid: 0000-0002-5058-7669 surname: Granda fullname: Granda, Jarosław M organization: School of Chemistry, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK – sequence: 6 givenname: Graham orcidid: 0000-0002-6237-2681 surname: Keenan fullname: Keenan, Graham organization: School of Chemistry, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK – sequence: 7 givenname: Trevor orcidid: 0000-0002-4834-7631 surname: Hinkley fullname: Hinkley, Trevor organization: School of Chemistry, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK – sequence: 8 givenname: Gerardo surname: Aragon-Camarasa fullname: Aragon-Camarasa, Gerardo organization: School of Computer Science, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK – sequence: 9 givenname: Philip J orcidid: 0000-0003-1826-1869 surname: Kitson fullname: Kitson, Philip J organization: School of Chemistry, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK – sequence: 10 givenname: Davide orcidid: 0000-0001-8879-907X surname: Angelone fullname: Angelone, Davide organization: School of Chemistry, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK – sequence: 11 givenname: Leroy orcidid: 0000-0001-8035-5757 surname: Cronin fullname: Cronin, Leroy email: lee.cronin@glasgow.ac.uk organization: School of Chemistry, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK. lee.cronin@glasgow.ac.uk |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30498165$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | Copyright © 2019 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. |
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| DOI | 10.1126/science.aav2211 |
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| Discipline | Sciences (General) Biology |
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| Snippet | The synthesis of complex organic compounds is largely a manual process that is often incompletely documented. To address these shortcomings, we developed an... |
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| Title | Organic synthesis in a modular robotic system driven by a chemical programming language |
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