Thermal Cycling, Mechanical Degradation, and the Effective Figure of Merit of a Thermoelectric Module

Thermoelectric modules experience performance reduction and mechanical failure due to thermomechanical stresses induced by thermal cycling. The present study subjects a thermoelectric module to thermal cycling and evaluates the evolution of its thermoelectric performance through measurements of the...

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Published in:Journal of electronic materials Vol. 42; no. 3; pp. 372 - 381
Main Authors: Barako, M. T., Park, W., Marconnet, A. M., Asheghi, M., Goodson, K. E.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Boston Springer US 01.03.2013
Springer
Springer Nature B.V
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ISSN:0361-5235, 1543-186X
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Abstract Thermoelectric modules experience performance reduction and mechanical failure due to thermomechanical stresses induced by thermal cycling. The present study subjects a thermoelectric module to thermal cycling and evaluates the evolution of its thermoelectric performance through measurements of the thermoelectric figure of merit, ZT , and its individual components. The Seebeck coefficient and thermal conductivity are measured using steady-state infrared microscopy, and the electrical conductivity and ZT are evaluated using the Harman technique. These properties are tracked over many cycles until device failure after 45,000 thermal cycles. The mechanical failure of the TE module is analyzed using high-resolution infrared microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. A reduction in electrical conductivity is the primary mechanism of performance reduction and is likely associated with defects observed during cycling. The effective figure of merit is reduced by 20% through 40,000 cycles and drops by 97% at 45,000 cycles. These results quantify the effect of thermal cycling on a commercial TE module and provide insight into the packaging of a complete TE module for reliable operation.
AbstractList Thermoelectric modules experience performance reduction and mechanical failure due to thermomechanical stresses induced by thermal cycling. The present study subjects a thermoelectric module to thermal cycling and evaluates the evolution of its thermoelectric performance through measurements of the thermoelectric figure of merit, ZT , and its individual components. The Seebeck coefficient and thermal conductivity are measured using steady-state infrared microscopy, and the electrical conductivity and ZT are evaluated using the Harman technique. These properties are tracked over many cycles until device failure after 45,000 thermal cycles. The mechanical failure of the TE module is analyzed using high-resolution infrared microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. A reduction in electrical conductivity is the primary mechanism of performance reduction and is likely associated with defects observed during cycling. The effective figure of merit is reduced by 20% through 40,000 cycles and drops by 97% at 45,000 cycles. These results quantify the effect of thermal cycling on a commercial TE module and provide insight into the packaging of a complete TE module for reliable operation.
Thermoelectric modules experience performance reduction and mechanical failure due to thermomechanical stresses induced by thermal cycling. The present study subjects a thermoelectric module to thermal cycling and evaluates the evolution of its thermoelectric performance through measurements of the thermoelectric figure of merit, ZT, and its individual components. The Seebeck coefficient and thermal conductivity are measured using steady-state infrared microscopy, and the electrical conductivity and ZT are evaluated using the Harman technique. These properties are tracked over many cycles until device failure after 45,000 thermal cycles. The mechanical failure of the TE module is analyzed using high-resolution infrared microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. A reduction in electrical conductivity is the primary mechanism of performance reduction and is likely associated with defects observed during cycling. The effective figure of merit is reduced by 20% through 40,000 cycles and drops by 97% at 45,000 cycles. These results quantify the effect of thermal cycling on a commercial TE module and provide insight into the packaging of a complete TE module for reliable operation.[PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]
Author Goodson, K. E.
Barako, M. T.
Marconnet, A. M.
Asheghi, M.
Park, W.
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  surname: Barako
  fullname: Barako, M. T.
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  surname: Park
  fullname: Park, W.
  organization: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University
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  surname: Marconnet
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  organization: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University
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  surname: Asheghi
  fullname: Asheghi, M.
  organization: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University
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  givenname: K. E.
  surname: Goodson
  fullname: Goodson, K. E.
  organization: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University
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Issue 3
Keywords Harman method
Thermoelectric module
figure of merit
infrared microscopy
thermal cycling
Scanning electron microscopy
Electrical conductivity
Thermal cycle
Seebeck effect
Steady state
Thermoelectric properties
Thermoelectric device
Thermoelectric power
Thermal conductivity
Defect
Figure of merit
Thermomechanical stress
Thermal degradation
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SubjectTerms Applied sciences
Characterization and Evaluation of Materials
Chemistry and Materials Science
Condensed matter: electronic structure, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties
Conductivity phenomena in semiconductors and insulators
Electronic transport in condensed matter
Electronics
Electronics and Microelectronics
Exact sciences and technology
Heat conductivity
Instrumentation
Materials
Materials Science
Mechanical properties
Optical and Electronic Materials
Physics
Scanning electron microscopy
Semiconductor electronics. Microelectronics. Optoelectronics. Solid state devices
Solid State Physics
Thermal cycling
Thermoelectric and thermomagnetic effects
Thermoelectric, pyroelectric devices, etc
Thermography
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