Cannabis and driving: A repeat cross-sectional analysis of driving after cannabis use pre- vs. post-legalization of recreational cannabis in Canada
•Approximately 1 in 5 cannabis consumers report driving after consumer cannabis consumption.•More than 1 in 10 Canadians report being a passenger of a driver who recently consumed cannabis.•Following cannabis legalization, driving after cannabis use increased among all participants.•Among past 12-mo...
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| Vydáno v: | Addictive behaviors Ročník 170; s. 108419 |
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01.11.2025
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| Abstract | •Approximately 1 in 5 cannabis consumers report driving after consumer cannabis consumption.•More than 1 in 10 Canadians report being a passenger of a driver who recently consumed cannabis.•Following cannabis legalization, driving after cannabis use increased among all participants.•Among past 12-month cannabis consumers, driving after cannabis use decreased post legalization.•Prevalence of passenger behaviour did not change significantly after recreational legalization.
The potential impact of cannabis legalization on driving after cannabis use is an important public health consideration. The current paper examined the prevalence of driving after cannabis use and being a passenger of a driver who recently consumed cannabis pre- and five years post- legalization of recreational cannabis.
National population-based surveys were conducted annually between 2018 and 2023 as part of the International Cannabis Policy Study (ICPS). A total of 93,933 participants aged 16–65 years from Canada were included in the analysis. Logistic regression models assessed trends in driving after cannabis use by age, sex-at-birth, income adequacy, ethnicity, and educational attainment.
In 2018, 5.7 % of all respondents and 19.9 % of past 12-month consumers reported driving within 2 h of cannabis consumption in the past year. Driving after consumption increased moderately in the five years post legalization among all participants, with a significantly higher prevalence reported in 2022 (8.8 % vs. 5.7 %, OR = 1.43, 95 % CI = 1.22, 1.66, p < 0.001) and 2023 (7.6 % vs. 5.7 %, OR = 1.20, 95 % CI = 1.03, 1.40, p = 0.018) than in 2018. However, driving after consumption remained stable among past 12-month consumers, with a moderately lower prevalence in 2023 than in 2018 (18.3 % vs. 19.9 %, OR = 0.81, 95 % CI = 0.68, 0.97, p = 0.024).
The increase in the overall rate of driving after use likely reflects the increase in consumption among all Canadians following recreational cannabis legalization. There was no evidence to support changes in the overall prevalence of passenger behaviour following legalization. Differences across sociodemographic variables are discussed. |
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| AbstractList | The potential impact of cannabis legalization on driving after cannabis use is an important public health consideration. The current paper examined the prevalence of driving after cannabis use and being a passenger of a driver who recently consumed cannabis pre- and five years post- legalization of recreational cannabis.
National population-based surveys were conducted annually between 2018 and 2023 as part of the International Cannabis Policy Study (ICPS). A total of 93,933 participants aged 16-65 years from Canada were included in the analysis. Logistic regression models assessed trends in driving after cannabis use by age, sex-at-birth, income adequacy, ethnicity, and educational attainment.
In 2018, 5.7 % of all respondents and 19.9 % of past 12-month consumers reported driving within 2 h of cannabis consumption in the past year. Driving after consumption increased moderately in the five years post legalization among all participants, with a significantly higher prevalence reported in 2022 (8.8 % vs. 5.7 %, OR = 1.43, 95 % CI = 1.22, 1.66, p < 0.001) and 2023 (7.6 % vs. 5.7 %, OR = 1.20, 95 % CI = 1.03, 1.40, p = 0.018) than in 2018. However, driving after consumption remained stable among past 12-month consumers, with a moderately lower prevalence in 2023 than in 2018 (18.3 % vs. 19.9 %, OR = 0.81, 95 % CI = 0.68, 0.97, p = 0.024).
The increase in the overall rate of driving after use likely reflects the increase in consumption among all Canadians following recreational cannabis legalization. There was no evidence to support changes in the overall prevalence of passenger behaviour following legalization. Differences across sociodemographic variables are discussed. •Approximately 1 in 5 cannabis consumers report driving after consumer cannabis consumption.•More than 1 in 10 Canadians report being a passenger of a driver who recently consumed cannabis.•Following cannabis legalization, driving after cannabis use increased among all participants.•Among past 12-month cannabis consumers, driving after cannabis use decreased post legalization.•Prevalence of passenger behaviour did not change significantly after recreational legalization. The potential impact of cannabis legalization on driving after cannabis use is an important public health consideration. The current paper examined the prevalence of driving after cannabis use and being a passenger of a driver who recently consumed cannabis pre- and five years post- legalization of recreational cannabis. National population-based surveys were conducted annually between 2018 and 2023 as part of the International Cannabis Policy Study (ICPS). A total of 93,933 participants aged 16–65 years from Canada were included in the analysis. Logistic regression models assessed trends in driving after cannabis use by age, sex-at-birth, income adequacy, ethnicity, and educational attainment. In 2018, 5.7 % of all respondents and 19.9 % of past 12-month consumers reported driving within 2 h of cannabis consumption in the past year. Driving after consumption increased moderately in the five years post legalization among all participants, with a significantly higher prevalence reported in 2022 (8.8 % vs. 5.7 %, OR = 1.43, 95 % CI = 1.22, 1.66, p < 0.001) and 2023 (7.6 % vs. 5.7 %, OR = 1.20, 95 % CI = 1.03, 1.40, p = 0.018) than in 2018. However, driving after consumption remained stable among past 12-month consumers, with a moderately lower prevalence in 2023 than in 2018 (18.3 % vs. 19.9 %, OR = 0.81, 95 % CI = 0.68, 0.97, p = 0.024). The increase in the overall rate of driving after use likely reflects the increase in consumption among all Canadians following recreational cannabis legalization. There was no evidence to support changes in the overall prevalence of passenger behaviour following legalization. Differences across sociodemographic variables are discussed. The potential impact of cannabis legalization on driving after cannabis use is an important public health consideration. The current paper examined the prevalence of driving after cannabis use and being a passenger of a driver who recently consumed cannabis pre- and five years post- legalization of recreational cannabis.OBJECTIVEThe potential impact of cannabis legalization on driving after cannabis use is an important public health consideration. The current paper examined the prevalence of driving after cannabis use and being a passenger of a driver who recently consumed cannabis pre- and five years post- legalization of recreational cannabis.National population-based surveys were conducted annually between 2018 and 2023 as part of the International Cannabis Policy Study (ICPS). A total of 93,933 participants aged 16-65 years from Canada were included in the analysis. Logistic regression models assessed trends in driving after cannabis use by age, sex-at-birth, income adequacy, ethnicity, and educational attainment.METHODNational population-based surveys were conducted annually between 2018 and 2023 as part of the International Cannabis Policy Study (ICPS). A total of 93,933 participants aged 16-65 years from Canada were included in the analysis. Logistic regression models assessed trends in driving after cannabis use by age, sex-at-birth, income adequacy, ethnicity, and educational attainment.In 2018, 5.7 % of all respondents and 19.9 % of past 12-month consumers reported driving within 2 h of cannabis consumption in the past year. Driving after consumption increased moderately in the five years post legalization among all participants, with a significantly higher prevalence reported in 2022 (8.8 % vs. 5.7 %, OR = 1.43, 95 % CI = 1.22, 1.66, p < 0.001) and 2023 (7.6 % vs. 5.7 %, OR = 1.20, 95 % CI = 1.03, 1.40, p = 0.018) than in 2018. However, driving after consumption remained stable among past 12-month consumers, with a moderately lower prevalence in 2023 than in 2018 (18.3 % vs. 19.9 %, OR = 0.81, 95 % CI = 0.68, 0.97, p = 0.024).RESULTSIn 2018, 5.7 % of all respondents and 19.9 % of past 12-month consumers reported driving within 2 h of cannabis consumption in the past year. Driving after consumption increased moderately in the five years post legalization among all participants, with a significantly higher prevalence reported in 2022 (8.8 % vs. 5.7 %, OR = 1.43, 95 % CI = 1.22, 1.66, p < 0.001) and 2023 (7.6 % vs. 5.7 %, OR = 1.20, 95 % CI = 1.03, 1.40, p = 0.018) than in 2018. However, driving after consumption remained stable among past 12-month consumers, with a moderately lower prevalence in 2023 than in 2018 (18.3 % vs. 19.9 %, OR = 0.81, 95 % CI = 0.68, 0.97, p = 0.024).The increase in the overall rate of driving after use likely reflects the increase in consumption among all Canadians following recreational cannabis legalization. There was no evidence to support changes in the overall prevalence of passenger behaviour following legalization. Differences across sociodemographic variables are discussed.CONCLUSIONSThe increase in the overall rate of driving after use likely reflects the increase in consumption among all Canadians following recreational cannabis legalization. There was no evidence to support changes in the overall prevalence of passenger behaviour following legalization. Differences across sociodemographic variables are discussed. |
| ArticleNumber | 108419 |
| Author | Hammond, David Kucera, Ava |
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| Cites_doi | 10.3390/ijerph20054655 10.1080/15389588.2023.2220853 10.1186/s13011-021-00405-7 10.1080/01973533.2016.1277529 10.1007/s00038-013-0512-z 10.1136/bmj.e536 10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106320 10.1016/j.aap.2019.105284 10.1177/0269881108092393 10.1111/add.16274 10.1111/dar.12842 10.1186/s42238-024-00234-y 10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.07.008 10.1186/s42238-024-00240-0 10.9778/cmajo.20200081 10.1080/02791072.2022.2110023 10.1111/add.13523 10.1016/j.amepre.2021.01.021 10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.09.007 10.1056/NEJMsa2109371 10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.1757 10.1038/sj.npp.1301068 10.1111/add.14536 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.109262 10.1016/j.trf.2023.11.011 10.1111/dar.13351 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.07.014 |
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| Snippet | •Approximately 1 in 5 cannabis consumers report driving after consumer cannabis consumption.•More than 1 in 10 Canadians report being a passenger of a driver... The potential impact of cannabis legalization on driving after cannabis use is an important public health consideration. The current paper examined the... |
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| SubjectTerms | Adolescent Adult Aged Automobile Driving - statistics & numerical data Canada - epidemiology Cannabis Cross-Sectional Studies Driving Driving Under the Influence - statistics & numerical data Female Humans Legalization Male Marijuana Smoking - epidemiology Marijuana Smoking - legislation & jurisprudence Marijuana Use - epidemiology Marijuana Use - legislation & jurisprudence Middle Aged Passenger Prevalence Risk Young Adult |
| Title | Cannabis and driving: A repeat cross-sectional analysis of driving after cannabis use pre- vs. post-legalization of recreational cannabis in Canada |
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