The Chemistry of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Revisited: Outlining Their Role in Biological Macromolecules (DNA, Lipids and Proteins) and Induced Pathologies

Living species are continuously subjected to all extrinsic forms of reactive oxidants and others that are produced endogenously. There is extensive literature on the generation and effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in biological processes, both in terms of alteration and their role in cellula...

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Published in:	International journal of molecular sciences Vol. 22; no. 9; p. 4642
Main Authors:	Juan, Celia Andrés, Pérez de la Lastra, José Manuel, Plou, Francisco J., Pérez-Lebeña, Eduardo
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Switzerland MDPI AG 28.04.2021 MDPI
Subjects:	Animals Disease - etiology DNA - metabolism DNA Damage Endoplasmic reticulum Enzymes Humans Hydrogen Lipid Peroxidation Lipids Metabolism Mitochondria Mitochondria - metabolism Mitochondrial DNA Mutation Neutrophils - metabolism Oxidation Oxidative Phosphorylation Oxidative Stress Physiology Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins - metabolism Proteins Proteins - metabolism Radiation Reactive oxygen species Reactive Oxygen Species - metabolism Respiration Review macromolecules oxidative stress ROS
ISSN:	1422-0067, 1661-6596, 1422-0067
Online Access:	Get full text
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Abstract	Living species are continuously subjected to all extrinsic forms of reactive oxidants and others that are produced endogenously. There is extensive literature on the generation and effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in biological processes, both in terms of alteration and their role in cellular signaling and regulatory pathways. Cells produce ROS as a controlled physiological process, but increasing ROS becomes pathological and leads to oxidative stress and disease. The induction of oxidative stress is an imbalance between the production of radical species and the antioxidant defense systems, which can cause damage to cellular biomolecules, including lipids, proteins and DNA. Cellular and biochemical experiments have been complemented in various ways to explain the biological chemistry of ROS oxidants. However, it is often unclear how this translates into chemical reactions involving redox changes. This review addresses this question and includes a robust mechanistic explanation of the chemical reactions of ROS and oxidative stress.
AbstractList	Living species are continuously subjected to all extrinsic forms of reactive oxidants and others that are produced endogenously. There is extensive literature on the generation and effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in biological processes, both in terms of alteration and their role in cellular signaling and regulatory pathways. Cells produce ROS as a controlled physiological process, but increasing ROS becomes pathological and leads to oxidative stress and disease. The induction of oxidative stress is an imbalance between the production of radical species and the antioxidant defense systems, which can cause damage to cellular biomolecules, including lipids, proteins and DNA. Cellular and biochemical experiments have been complemented in various ways to explain the biological chemistry of ROS oxidants. However, it is often unclear how this translates into chemical reactions involving redox changes. This review addresses this question and includes a robust mechanistic explanation of the chemical reactions of ROS and oxidative stress. Living species are continuously subjected to all extrinsic forms of reactive oxidants and others that are produced endogenously. There is extensive literature on the generation and effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in biological processes, both in terms of alteration and their role in cellular signaling and regulatory pathways. Cells produce ROS as a controlled physiological process, but increasing ROS becomes pathological and leads to oxidative stress and disease. The induction of oxidative stress is an imbalance between the production of radical species and the antioxidant defense systems, which can cause damage to cellular biomolecules, including lipids, proteins and DNA. Cellular and biochemical experiments have been complemented in various ways to explain the biological chemistry of ROS oxidants. However, it is often unclear how this translates into chemical reactions involving redox changes. This review addresses this question and includes a robust mechanistic explanation of the chemical reactions of ROS and oxidative stress.Living species are continuously subjected to all extrinsic forms of reactive oxidants and others that are produced endogenously. There is extensive literature on the generation and effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in biological processes, both in terms of alteration and their role in cellular signaling and regulatory pathways. Cells produce ROS as a controlled physiological process, but increasing ROS becomes pathological and leads to oxidative stress and disease. The induction of oxidative stress is an imbalance between the production of radical species and the antioxidant defense systems, which can cause damage to cellular biomolecules, including lipids, proteins and DNA. Cellular and biochemical experiments have been complemented in various ways to explain the biological chemistry of ROS oxidants. However, it is often unclear how this translates into chemical reactions involving redox changes. This review addresses this question and includes a robust mechanistic explanation of the chemical reactions of ROS and oxidative stress.
Author	Plou, Francisco J. Pérez-Lebeña, Eduardo Juan, Celia Andrés Pérez de la Lastra, José Manuel
AuthorAffiliation	3 Institute of Catalysis and Petrochemistry, CSIC-Spanish Research Council, 28049 Madrid, Spain; fplou@icp.csic.es 4 Sistemas de Biotecnología y Recursos Naturales, 47625 Valladolid, Spain; info@glize.eu 1 Cinquima Institute and Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Valladolid University, Paseo de Belén, 7, 47011 Valladolid, Spain; celia.andres.juan@uva.es 2 Institute of Natural Products and Agrobiology, CSIC-Spanish Research Council, Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, 38206 La Laguna, Spain
AuthorAffiliation_xml	– name: 4 Sistemas de Biotecnología y Recursos Naturales, 47625 Valladolid, Spain; info@glize.eu – name: 1 Cinquima Institute and Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Valladolid University, Paseo de Belén, 7, 47011 Valladolid, Spain; celia.andres.juan@uva.es – name: 3 Institute of Catalysis and Petrochemistry, CSIC-Spanish Research Council, 28049 Madrid, Spain; fplou@icp.csic.es – name: 2 Institute of Natural Products and Agrobiology, CSIC-Spanish Research Council, Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, 38206 La Laguna, Spain
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Celia Andrés surname: Juan fullname: Juan, Celia Andrés – sequence: 2 givenname: José Manuel orcidid: 0000-0003-4663-5565 surname: Pérez de la Lastra fullname: Pérez de la Lastra, José Manuel – sequence: 3 givenname: Francisco J. orcidid: 0000-0003-0831-893X surname: Plou fullname: Plou, Francisco J. – sequence: 4 givenname: Eduardo surname: Pérez-Lebeña fullname: Pérez-Lebeña, Eduardo
BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33924958$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Snippet	Living species are continuously subjected to all extrinsic forms of reactive oxidants and others that are produced endogenously. There is extensive literature...
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SubjectTerms	Animals Disease - etiology DNA - metabolism DNA Damage Endoplasmic reticulum Enzymes Humans Hydrogen Lipid Peroxidation Lipids Metabolism Mitochondria Mitochondria - metabolism Mitochondrial DNA Mutation Neutrophils - metabolism Oxidation Oxidative Phosphorylation Oxidative Stress Physiology Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins - metabolism Proteins Proteins - metabolism Radiation Reactive oxygen species Reactive Oxygen Species - metabolism Respiration Review
Title	The Chemistry of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Revisited: Outlining Their Role in Biological Macromolecules (DNA, Lipids and Proteins) and Induced Pathologies
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