Cell Death in the Kidney

Apoptotic cell death is usually a response to the cell’s microenvironment. In the kidney, apoptosis contributes to parenchymal cell loss in the course of acute and chronic renal injury, but does not trigger an inflammatory response. What distinguishes necrosis from apoptosis is the rupture of the pl...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	International journal of molecular sciences Vol. 20; no. 14; p. 3598
Main Authors:	Priante, Giovanna, Gianesello, Lisa, Ceol, Monica, Del Prete, Dorella, Anglani, Franca
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Switzerland MDPI AG 23.07.2019 MDPI
Subjects:	Acute Kidney Injury - drug therapy Acute Kidney Injury - genetics Acute Kidney Injury - metabolism Acute Kidney Injury - pathology Animals Apoptosis Apoptosis - drug effects Apoptosis - genetics Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins - classification Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins - genetics Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins - metabolism Autophagy Calcinosis - genetics Calcinosis - metabolism Calcinosis - pathology Calcinosis - prevention & control Cell death Cell division Cell growth Epithelial Cells - drug effects Epithelial Cells - metabolism Epithelial Cells - pathology Ferroptosis - drug effects Ferroptosis - genetics Gene Expression Regulation Humans Immunogenic Cell Death - drug effects Immunogenic Cell Death - genetics Inflammation Ischemia Kidney - drug effects Kidney - metabolism Kidney - pathology Kidney diseases Kinases Mitochondrial Transmembrane Permeability-Driven Necrosis - drug effects Mitochondrial Transmembrane Permeability-Driven Necrosis - genetics Morphology Necroptosis - drug effects Necroptosis - genetics Necrosis - genetics Necrosis - metabolism Necrosis - pathology Necrosis - prevention & control Physiology Protective Agents - pharmacology Pyroptosis - drug effects Pyroptosis - genetics Reperfusion Injury - drug therapy Reperfusion Injury - genetics Reperfusion Injury - metabolism Reperfusion Injury - pathology Review apoptosis tubular injury kidney injury glomerular injury necrosis regulated necrosis
ISSN:	1422-0067, 1661-6596, 1422-0067
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Summary:	Apoptotic cell death is usually a response to the cell’s microenvironment. In the kidney, apoptosis contributes to parenchymal cell loss in the course of acute and chronic renal injury, but does not trigger an inflammatory response. What distinguishes necrosis from apoptosis is the rupture of the plasma membrane, so necrotic cell death is accompanied by the release of unprocessed intracellular content, including cellular organelles, which are highly immunogenic proteins. The relative contribution of apoptosis and necrosis to injury varies, depending on the severity of the insult. Regulated cell death may result from immunologically silent apoptosis or from immunogenic necrosis. Recent advances have enhanced the most revolutionary concept of regulated necrosis. Several modalities of regulated necrosis have been described, such as necroptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, and mitochondrial permeability transition-dependent regulated necrosis. We review the different modalities of apoptosis, necrosis, and regulated necrosis in kidney injury, focusing particularly on evidence implicating cell death in ectopic renal calcification. We also review the evidence for the role of cell death in kidney injury, which may pave the way for new therapeutic opportunities.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 ObjectType-Review-3 content type line 23
ISSN:	1422-0067 1661-6596 1422-0067
DOI:	10.3390/ijms20143598