The effect of alcohol and red wine consumption on clinical and MRI outcomes in multiple sclerosis

Alcohol and in particular red wine have both immunomodulatory and neuroprotective properties, and may exert an effect on the disease course of multiple sclerosis (MS). To assess the association between alcohol and red wine consumption and MS course. MS patients enrolled in the Comprehensive Longitud...

Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:
Bibliographische Detailangaben
Veröffentlicht in:Multiple sclerosis and related disorders Jg. 17; S. 47 - 53
Hauptverfasser: Diaz-Cruz, Camilo, Chua, Alicia S., Malik, Muhammad Taimur, Kaplan, Tamara, Glanz, Bonnie I., Egorova, Svetlana, Guttmann, Charles R.G., Bakshi, Rohit, Weiner, Howard L., Healy, Brian C., Chitnis, Tanuja
Format: Journal Article
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01.10.2017
Schlagworte:
ISSN:2211-0348, 2211-0356, 2211-0356
Online-Zugang:Volltext
Tags: Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
Abstract Alcohol and in particular red wine have both immunomodulatory and neuroprotective properties, and may exert an effect on the disease course of multiple sclerosis (MS). To assess the association between alcohol and red wine consumption and MS course. MS patients enrolled in the Comprehensive Longitudinal Investigation of Multiple Sclerosis at the Brigham and Women's Hospital (CLIMB) who completed a self-administered questionnaire about their past year drinking habits at a single time point were included in the study. Alcohol and red wine consumption were measured as servings/week. The primary outcome was the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) at the time of the questionnaire. Secondary clinical outcomes were the Multiple Sclerosis Severity Score (MSSS) and number of relapses in the year before the questionnaire. Secondary MRI outcomes included brain parenchymal fraction and T2 hyperintense lesion volume (T2LV). Appropriate regression models were used to test the association of alcohol and red wine intake on clinical and MRI outcomes. All analyses were controlled for sex, age, body mass index, disease phenotype (relapsing vs. progressive), the proportion of time on disease modifying therapy during the previous year, smoking exposure, and disease duration. In the models for the MRI outcomes, analyses were also adjusted for acquisition protocol. 923 patients (74% females, mean age 47 ± 11 years, mean disease duration 14 ± 9 years) were included in the analysis. Compared to abstainers, patients drinking more than 4 drinks per week had a higher likelihood of a lower EDSS score (OR, 0.41; p = 0.0001) and lower MSSS (mean difference, − 1.753; p = 0.002) at the time of the questionnaire. Similarly, patients drinking more than 3 glasses of red wine per week had greater odds of a lower EDSS (OR, 0.49; p = 0.0005) and lower MSSS (mean difference, − 0.705; p = 0.0007) compared to nondrinkers. However, a faster increase in T2LV was observed in patients consuming 1–3 glasses of red wine per week compared to nondrinkers. Higher total alcohol and red wine intake were associated with a lower cross-sectional level of neurologic disability in MS patients but increased T2LV accumulation. Further studies should explore a potential cause-effect neuroprotective relationship, as well as the underlying biological mechanisms. •Moderate alcohol consumption was associated with lower EDSS score and MSSS.•Drinking > 3 glasses of red wine/week was associated with lower EDSS score and MSSS.•Subjects drinking 1–3 glasses of red wine/week had an increase in MRI lesion volume accumulation.
AbstractList Alcohol and in particular red wine have both immunomodulatory and neuroprotective properties, and may exert an effect on the disease course of multiple sclerosis (MS). To assess the association between alcohol and red wine consumption and MS course. MS patients enrolled in the Comprehensive Longitudinal Investigation of Multiple Sclerosis at the Brigham and Women's Hospital (CLIMB) who completed a self-administered questionnaire about their past year drinking habits at a single time point were included in the study. Alcohol and red wine consumption were measured as servings/week. The primary outcome was the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) at the time of the questionnaire. Secondary clinical outcomes were the Multiple Sclerosis Severity Score (MSSS) and number of relapses in the year before the questionnaire. Secondary MRI outcomes included brain parenchymal fraction and T2 hyperintense lesion volume (T2LV). Appropriate regression models were used to test the association of alcohol and red wine intake on clinical and MRI outcomes. All analyses were controlled for sex, age, body mass index, disease phenotype (relapsing vs. progressive), the proportion of time on disease modifying therapy during the previous year, smoking exposure, and disease duration. In the models for the MRI outcomes, analyses were also adjusted for acquisition protocol. 923 patients (74% females, mean age 47 ± 11 years, mean disease duration 14 ± 9 years) were included in the analysis. Compared to abstainers, patients drinking more than 4 drinks per week had a higher likelihood of a lower EDSS score (OR, 0.41; p = 0.0001) and lower MSSS (mean difference, - 1.753; p = 0.002) at the time of the questionnaire. Similarly, patients drinking more than 3 glasses of red wine per week had greater odds of a lower EDSS (OR, 0.49; p = 0.0005) and lower MSSS (mean difference, - 0.705; p = 0.0007) compared to nondrinkers. However, a faster increase in T2LV was observed in patients consuming 1-3 glasses of red wine per week compared to nondrinkers. Higher total alcohol and red wine intake were associated with a lower cross-sectional level of neurologic disability in MS patients but increased T2LV accumulation. Further studies should explore a potential cause-effect neuroprotective relationship, as well as the underlying biological mechanisms.
Alcohol and in particular red wine have both immunomodulatory and neuroprotective properties, and may exert an effect on the disease course of multiple sclerosis (MS). To assess the association between alcohol and red wine consumption and MS course. MS patients enrolled in the Comprehensive Longitudinal Investigation of Multiple Sclerosis at the Brigham and Women's Hospital (CLIMB) who completed a self-administered questionnaire about their past year drinking habits at a single time point were included in the study. Alcohol and red wine consumption were measured as servings/week. The primary outcome was the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) at the time of the questionnaire. Secondary clinical outcomes were the Multiple Sclerosis Severity Score (MSSS) and number of relapses in the year before the questionnaire. Secondary MRI outcomes included brain parenchymal fraction and T2 hyperintense lesion volume (T2LV). Appropriate regression models were used to test the association of alcohol and red wine intake on clinical and MRI outcomes. All analyses were controlled for sex, age, body mass index, disease phenotype (relapsing vs. progressive), the proportion of time on disease modifying therapy during the previous year, smoking exposure, and disease duration. In the models for the MRI outcomes, analyses were also adjusted for acquisition protocol. 923 patients (74% females, mean age 47 ± 11 years, mean disease duration 14 ± 9 years) were included in the analysis. Compared to abstainers, patients drinking more than 4 drinks per week had a higher likelihood of a lower EDSS score (OR, 0.41; p = 0.0001) and lower MSSS (mean difference, − 1.753; p = 0.002) at the time of the questionnaire. Similarly, patients drinking more than 3 glasses of red wine per week had greater odds of a lower EDSS (OR, 0.49; p = 0.0005) and lower MSSS (mean difference, − 0.705; p = 0.0007) compared to nondrinkers. However, a faster increase in T2LV was observed in patients consuming 1–3 glasses of red wine per week compared to nondrinkers. Higher total alcohol and red wine intake were associated with a lower cross-sectional level of neurologic disability in MS patients but increased T2LV accumulation. Further studies should explore a potential cause-effect neuroprotective relationship, as well as the underlying biological mechanisms. •Moderate alcohol consumption was associated with lower EDSS score and MSSS.•Drinking > 3 glasses of red wine/week was associated with lower EDSS score and MSSS.•Subjects drinking 1–3 glasses of red wine/week had an increase in MRI lesion volume accumulation.
Alcohol and in particular red wine have both immunomodulatory and neuroprotective properties, and may exert an effect on the disease course of multiple sclerosis (MS).BACKGROUNDAlcohol and in particular red wine have both immunomodulatory and neuroprotective properties, and may exert an effect on the disease course of multiple sclerosis (MS).To assess the association between alcohol and red wine consumption and MS course.OBJECTIVETo assess the association between alcohol and red wine consumption and MS course.MS patients enrolled in the Comprehensive Longitudinal Investigation of Multiple Sclerosis at the Brigham and Women's Hospital (CLIMB) who completed a self-administered questionnaire about their past year drinking habits at a single time point were included in the study. Alcohol and red wine consumption were measured as servings/week. The primary outcome was the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) at the time of the questionnaire. Secondary clinical outcomes were the Multiple Sclerosis Severity Score (MSSS) and number of relapses in the year before the questionnaire. Secondary MRI outcomes included brain parenchymal fraction and T2 hyperintense lesion volume (T2LV). Appropriate regression models were used to test the association of alcohol and red wine intake on clinical and MRI outcomes. All analyses were controlled for sex, age, body mass index, disease phenotype (relapsing vs. progressive), the proportion of time on disease modifying therapy during the previous year, smoking exposure, and disease duration. In the models for the MRI outcomes, analyses were also adjusted for acquisition protocol.METHODSMS patients enrolled in the Comprehensive Longitudinal Investigation of Multiple Sclerosis at the Brigham and Women's Hospital (CLIMB) who completed a self-administered questionnaire about their past year drinking habits at a single time point were included in the study. Alcohol and red wine consumption were measured as servings/week. The primary outcome was the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) at the time of the questionnaire. Secondary clinical outcomes were the Multiple Sclerosis Severity Score (MSSS) and number of relapses in the year before the questionnaire. Secondary MRI outcomes included brain parenchymal fraction and T2 hyperintense lesion volume (T2LV). Appropriate regression models were used to test the association of alcohol and red wine intake on clinical and MRI outcomes. All analyses were controlled for sex, age, body mass index, disease phenotype (relapsing vs. progressive), the proportion of time on disease modifying therapy during the previous year, smoking exposure, and disease duration. In the models for the MRI outcomes, analyses were also adjusted for acquisition protocol.923 patients (74% females, mean age 47 ± 11 years, mean disease duration 14 ± 9 years) were included in the analysis. Compared to abstainers, patients drinking more than 4 drinks per week had a higher likelihood of a lower EDSS score (OR, 0.41; p = 0.0001) and lower MSSS (mean difference, - 1.753; p = 0.002) at the time of the questionnaire. Similarly, patients drinking more than 3 glasses of red wine per week had greater odds of a lower EDSS (OR, 0.49; p = 0.0005) and lower MSSS (mean difference, - 0.705; p = 0.0007) compared to nondrinkers. However, a faster increase in T2LV was observed in patients consuming 1-3 glasses of red wine per week compared to nondrinkers.RESULTS923 patients (74% females, mean age 47 ± 11 years, mean disease duration 14 ± 9 years) were included in the analysis. Compared to abstainers, patients drinking more than 4 drinks per week had a higher likelihood of a lower EDSS score (OR, 0.41; p = 0.0001) and lower MSSS (mean difference, - 1.753; p = 0.002) at the time of the questionnaire. Similarly, patients drinking more than 3 glasses of red wine per week had greater odds of a lower EDSS (OR, 0.49; p = 0.0005) and lower MSSS (mean difference, - 0.705; p = 0.0007) compared to nondrinkers. However, a faster increase in T2LV was observed in patients consuming 1-3 glasses of red wine per week compared to nondrinkers.Higher total alcohol and red wine intake were associated with a lower cross-sectional level of neurologic disability in MS patients but increased T2LV accumulation. Further studies should explore a potential cause-effect neuroprotective relationship, as well as the underlying biological mechanisms.CONCLUSIONSHigher total alcohol and red wine intake were associated with a lower cross-sectional level of neurologic disability in MS patients but increased T2LV accumulation. Further studies should explore a potential cause-effect neuroprotective relationship, as well as the underlying biological mechanisms.
Author Glanz, Bonnie I.
Guttmann, Charles R.G.
Bakshi, Rohit
Egorova, Svetlana
Chitnis, Tanuja
Weiner, Howard L.
Healy, Brian C.
Malik, Muhammad Taimur
Diaz-Cruz, Camilo
Kaplan, Tamara
Chua, Alicia S.
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Camilo
  surname: Diaz-Cruz
  fullname: Diaz-Cruz, Camilo
  organization: Partners Multiple Sclerosis Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Alicia S.
  surname: Chua
  fullname: Chua, Alicia S.
  organization: Partners Multiple Sclerosis Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Muhammad Taimur
  surname: Malik
  fullname: Malik, Muhammad Taimur
  organization: Partners Multiple Sclerosis Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Tamara
  surname: Kaplan
  fullname: Kaplan, Tamara
  organization: Partners Multiple Sclerosis Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Bonnie I.
  surname: Glanz
  fullname: Glanz, Bonnie I.
  organization: Partners Multiple Sclerosis Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
– sequence: 6
  givenname: Svetlana
  surname: Egorova
  fullname: Egorova, Svetlana
  organization: Partners Multiple Sclerosis Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
– sequence: 7
  givenname: Charles R.G.
  surname: Guttmann
  fullname: Guttmann, Charles R.G.
  organization: Partners Multiple Sclerosis Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
– sequence: 8
  givenname: Rohit
  surname: Bakshi
  fullname: Bakshi, Rohit
  organization: Partners Multiple Sclerosis Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
– sequence: 9
  givenname: Howard L.
  surname: Weiner
  fullname: Weiner, Howard L.
  organization: Partners Multiple Sclerosis Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
– sequence: 10
  givenname: Brian C.
  surname: Healy
  fullname: Healy, Brian C.
  organization: Partners Multiple Sclerosis Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
– sequence: 11
  givenname: Tanuja
  surname: Chitnis
  fullname: Chitnis, Tanuja
  email: tchitnis@partners.org
  organization: Partners Multiple Sclerosis Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29055473$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
BookMark eNqFkU1rHCEYgKWkNB_NLygUj73sVEdHZyg9lKVJAymFkp7F0Vfi1tGtziTk39fNJjnksiLo4XkEn_cUHcUUAaEPlDSUUPF500xFZ9u0hMqGiIZQ-gadtC2lK8I6cfRy5_0xOi9lQ-oSHeWCvkPH7UC6jkt2gvTNLWBwDsyMk8M6mHSbAtbR4gwW3_sI2KRYlmk7-xRx3Sb46I3eQz9_X-G0zCZNULCPeFrC7LcBcDEBciq-vEdvnQ4Fzp_OM_Tn4vvN-sfq-tfl1frb9cpwSueVYL1jfQeCyd70xFnDec-ooYMUQ8s7YgeptWydtaLtR2G1kHywbpC9GEc5sjP0af_uNqd_C5RZTb4YCEFHSEtRdOg4q48xUtGPT-gyTmDVNvtJ5wf1nKUCbA-Y-oWSwb0glKhdf7VRj_3Vrr8iQtX-1RpeWcbPepdtztqHA-7XvQs10Z2HrIrxEA1Yn-tslE3-gP_llf88pr_wcND-DwQktPc
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1007_s11136_020_02505_6
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_msard_2024_105636
crossref_primary_10_3390_ijms26020845
crossref_primary_10_1001_jamanetworkopen_2022_0902
crossref_primary_10_3389_fnut_2024_1410745
crossref_primary_10_1177_2055217319881769
crossref_primary_10_1007_s00115_018_0497_1
crossref_primary_10_1523_JNEUROSCI_0280_24_2025
crossref_primary_10_3390_biom11101510
crossref_primary_10_1039_c9tx00227h
crossref_primary_10_1080_19490976_2021_1916278
crossref_primary_10_7717_peerj_8357
crossref_primary_10_3390_nu11020352
crossref_primary_10_1177_17562864241284166
crossref_primary_10_1212_NXI_0000000000200289
crossref_primary_10_3389_fneur_2019_00866
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_alcohol_2025_07_001
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_021_00578_y
crossref_primary_10_2217_nmt_2018_0046
crossref_primary_10_1212_NXI_0000000000000728
crossref_primary_10_1111_adb_70012
Cites_doi 10.1016/j.nicl.2015.06.009
10.1111/j.1530-0277.2006.00012.x
10.1055/s-0033-1343796
10.1177/1352458512448108
10.1191/1352458504ms1061oa
10.1002/eji.200425778
10.1007/s10067-008-1004-z
10.1001/jamaneurol.2014.1795
10.1530/EJE-12-0356
10.1016/j.autrev.2006.02.012
10.1097/BOR.0b013e32832a2e16
10.1017/S0029665112000171
10.1007/s13311-013-0214-5
10.1001/jama.296.23.2832
10.1136/jnnp-2011-301876
10.1002/jmri.1880020603
10.1001/jamaneurol.2013.5993
10.1177/1352458514527864
10.1016/j.annepidem.2007.01.005
10.1002/jmri.10053
10.1016/j.jneuroim.2011.12.007
10.1001/jamaneurol.2013.5858
10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.03.043
10.1038/nrd2060
10.1017/S0007114507838049
10.1016/B978-0-444-62619-6.00017-3
10.1111/j.1468-1331.2011.03596.x
10.1212/01.CON.0000450970.99322.84
10.1212/WNL.33.11.1444
10.1002/ana.22366
10.1017/S0029665110000121
10.1001/jamaneurol.2015.2742
10.1212/01.WNL.0000156155.19270.F8
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright 2017 Elsevier B.V.
Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Copyright_xml – notice: 2017 Elsevier B.V.
– notice: Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
DBID AAYXX
CITATION
CGR
CUY
CVF
ECM
EIF
NPM
7X8
DOI 10.1016/j.msard.2017.06.011
DatabaseName CrossRef
Medline
MEDLINE
MEDLINE (Ovid)
MEDLINE
MEDLINE
PubMed
MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
MEDLINE
Medline Complete
MEDLINE with Full Text
PubMed
MEDLINE (Ovid)
MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitleList MEDLINE


MEDLINE - Academic
Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: NPM
  name: PubMed
  url: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed
  sourceTypes: Index Database
– sequence: 2
  dbid: 7X8
  name: MEDLINE - Academic
  url: https://search.proquest.com/medline
  sourceTypes: Aggregation Database
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Medicine
EISSN 2211-0356
EndPage 53
ExternalDocumentID 29055473
10_1016_j_msard_2017_06_011
S221103481730144X
Genre Journal Article
GroupedDBID ---
--K
--M
.1-
.FO
.~1
0R~
1P~
1~.
1~5
4.4
457
4G.
53G
5VS
7-5
8P~
AAEDT
AAEDW
AAIKJ
AAKOC
AALRI
AAOAW
AAQFI
AATTM
AAXKI
AAXLA
AAXUO
AAYWO
ABBQC
ABCQJ
ABGSF
ABJNI
ABMAC
ABMZM
ABTEW
ABUDA
ABWVN
ABXDB
ACDAQ
ACGFS
ACIEU
ACLOT
ACRLP
ACRPL
ACVFH
ADBBV
ADCNI
ADEZE
ADMUD
ADNMO
ADUVX
AEBSH
AEHWI
AEIPS
AEKER
AENEX
AEUPX
AEVXI
AFJKZ
AFPUW
AFRHN
AFTJW
AFXIZ
AGHFR
AGUBO
AGWIK
AGYEJ
AIEXJ
AIGII
AIIUN
AIKHN
AITUG
AJRQY
AJUYK
AKBMS
AKRWK
AKYEP
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
AMRAJ
ANKPU
ANZVX
APXCP
AXJTR
BKOJK
BLXMC
BNPGV
EBS
EFJIC
EFKBS
EFLBG
EJD
FDB
FEDTE
FIRID
FNPLU
FYGXN
GBLVA
HVGLF
HZ~
KOM
M41
MO0
MOBAO
O-L
O9-
OAUVE
OP~
P-8
P-9
PC.
Q38
ROL
SDF
SEL
SPCBC
SSH
SSN
SSU
SSZ
T5K
Z5R
~G-
~HD
AACTN
AADPK
AAIAV
ABLVK
ABYKQ
AFKWA
AJBFU
AJOXV
AMFUW
DOVZS
LCYCR
RIG
AAYXX
CITATION
CGR
CUY
CVF
ECM
EIF
NPM
7X8
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c411t-638f385e6378c80fdc44831c197692450d97aa72fdd628b6da6749df9786bb7b3
ISICitedReferencesCount 22
ISICitedReferencesURI http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=000414816700010&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
ISSN 2211-0348
2211-0356
IngestDate Sun Sep 28 01:13:35 EDT 2025
Wed Feb 19 02:43:44 EST 2025
Wed Nov 05 20:43:58 EST 2025
Tue Nov 18 22:23:55 EST 2025
Fri Feb 23 02:11:24 EST 2024
Tue Oct 14 19:31:08 EDT 2025
IsPeerReviewed false
IsScholarly true
Keywords Alcohol
Multiple sclerosis
MSSS
MRI
EDSS
Language English
License Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
LinkModel OpenURL
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c411t-638f385e6378c80fdc44831c197692450d97aa72fdd628b6da6749df9786bb7b3
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 23
PMID 29055473
PQID 1954397630
PQPubID 23479
PageCount 7
ParticipantIDs proquest_miscellaneous_1954397630
pubmed_primary_29055473
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_msard_2017_06_011
crossref_citationtrail_10_1016_j_msard_2017_06_011
elsevier_sciencedirect_doi_10_1016_j_msard_2017_06_011
elsevier_clinicalkey_doi_10_1016_j_msard_2017_06_011
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate October 2017
2017-10-00
2017-Oct
20171001
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2017-10-01
PublicationDate_xml – month: 10
  year: 2017
  text: October 2017
PublicationDecade 2010
PublicationPlace Netherlands
PublicationPlace_xml – name: Netherlands
PublicationTitle Multiple sclerosis and related disorders
PublicationTitleAlternate Mult Scler Relat Disord
PublicationYear 2017
Publisher Elsevier B.V
Publisher_xml – name: Elsevier B.V
References Nova, E., Baccan, G.C., Veses, A., Zapatera, B., Marcos, A., 2012. Potential health benefits of moderate alcohol consumption: current perspectives in research. In: Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, England, pp. 307–315.
Massa, O'Reilly, Munger, Ascherio (bib19) 2013; 19
Wei, Warfield, Zou, Wu, Li, Guimond, Mugler, Benson, Wolfson, Weiner, Guttmann (bib33) 2002; 15
Liao, Alfredsson, Karlson (bib16) 2009; 21
Mandrekar, Catalano, White, Szabo (bib18) 2006; 30
Wei, Guttmann, Warfield, Eliasziw, Mitchell (bib32) 2004; 10
NIAAA, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. What is a standard drink?
Phillips, Fox (bib26) 2013; 33
Langley, Sauve (bib15) 2013; 10
Comalada, Camuesco, Sierra, Ballester, Xaus, Galvez, Zarzuelo (bib6) 2005; 35
Kurtzke (bib14) 1983; 33
Magrone, Jirillo (bib17) 2010; 69
Wang, Pan, Ye, Su, Li (bib31) 2008; 27
Bove, Musallam, Healy, Raghavan, Glanz, Bakshi, Weiner, De Jager, Miller, Chitnis (bib3) 2014
Noble, J.M., Weimer, L.H., 2014. Neurologic complications of alcoholism. Continuum (Minneapolis, Minn.) 20(3 Neurology of Systemic Disease), pp. 624–641.
Fillmore, Stockwell, Chikritzhs, Bostrom, Kerr (bib8) 2007
Zahr, N.M., 2014. Structural and microstructral imaging of the brain in alcohol use disorders. In: Handbook of Clinical Neurology, vol. 125, pp. 275–290.
(Accessed 8 January 2016).
Soilu-Hanninen, Aivo, Lindstrom, Elovaara, Sumelahti, Farkkila, Tienari, Atula, Sarasoja, Herrala, Keskinarkaus, Kruger, Kallio, Rocca, Filippi (bib30) 2012; 83
Ascherio, Munger, White, Kochert, Simon, Polman, Freedman, Hartung, Miller, Montalban, Edan, Barkhof, Pleimes, Radu, Sandbrink, Kappos, Pohl (bib1) 2014; 71
Baur, Sinclair (bib2) 2006; 5
Gauthier, Glanz, Mandel, Weiner (bib11) 2006; 5
NIAAA, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. Recommended Alcohol Questions.
Pakpoor, Goldacre, Disanto, Giovannoni, Goldacre (bib25) 2014; 71
Romeo, Warnberg, Nova, Diaz, Gomez-Martinez, Marcos (bib28) 2007; 98
Fitzgerald, Munger, Kochert, Arnason, Comi, Cook, Goodin, Filippi, Hartung, Jeffery, O'Connor, Suarez, Sandbrink, Kappos, Pohl, Ascherio (bib9) 2015; 72
D'Hooghe M, Haentjens, Nagels, De Keyser (bib7) 2012; 19
Carle, Pedersen, Knudsen, Perrild, Ovesen, Rasmussen, Jorgensen, Laurberg (bib4) 2012; 167
Hedstrom, Hillert, Olsson, Alfredsson (bib12) 2014; 71
Zhang, Liu, Shi (bib35) 2010; 636
Kikinis, Shenton, Gerig, Martin, Anderson, Metcalf, Guttmann, McCarley, Lorensen, Cline (bib13) 1992; 2
Foster, Zivadinov, Weinstock-Guttman, Tamano-Blanco, Badgett, Carl, Ramanathan (bib10) 2012; 243
Munger, Levin, Hollis, Howard, Ascherio (bib20) 2006; 296
Roxburgh, Seaman, Masterman, Hensiek, Sawcer, Vukusic, Achiti, Confavreux, Coustans, le Page, Edan, McDonnell, Hawkins, Trojano, Liguori, Cocco, Marrosu, Tesser, Leone, Weber, Zipp, Miterski, Epplen, Oturai, Sorensen, Celius, Lara, Montalban, Villoslada, Silva, Marta, Leite, Dubois, Rubio, Butzkueven, Kilpatrick, Mycko, Selmaj, Rio, Sa, Salemi, Savettieri, Hillert, Compston (bib29) 2005; 64
Chua, Egorova, Anderson, Polgar-Turcsanyi, Chitnis, Weiner, Guttmann, Bakshi, Healy (bib5) 2015; 8
Polman, Reingold, Banwell, Clanet, Cohen, Filippi, Fujihara, Havrdova, Hutchinson, Kappos, Lublin, Montalban, O'Connor, Sandberg-Wollheim, Thompson, Waubant, Weinshenker, Wolinsky (bib27) 2011; 69
Hedstrom (10.1016/j.msard.2017.06.011_bib12) 2014; 71
Wei (10.1016/j.msard.2017.06.011_bib33) 2002; 15
Magrone (10.1016/j.msard.2017.06.011_bib17) 2010; 69
Wei (10.1016/j.msard.2017.06.011_bib32) 2004; 10
Ascherio (10.1016/j.msard.2017.06.011_bib1) 2014; 71
Munger (10.1016/j.msard.2017.06.011_bib20) 2006; 296
D'Hooghe M (10.1016/j.msard.2017.06.011_bib7) 2012; 19
Comalada (10.1016/j.msard.2017.06.011_bib6) 2005; 35
10.1016/j.msard.2017.06.011_bib34
Mandrekar (10.1016/j.msard.2017.06.011_bib18) 2006; 30
Liao (10.1016/j.msard.2017.06.011_bib16) 2009; 21
Bove (10.1016/j.msard.2017.06.011_bib3) 2014
Polman (10.1016/j.msard.2017.06.011_bib27) 2011; 69
Baur (10.1016/j.msard.2017.06.011_bib2) 2006; 5
Kikinis (10.1016/j.msard.2017.06.011_bib13) 1992; 2
Langley (10.1016/j.msard.2017.06.011_bib15) 2013; 10
Romeo (10.1016/j.msard.2017.06.011_bib28) 2007; 98
Kurtzke (10.1016/j.msard.2017.06.011_bib14) 1983; 33
Wang (10.1016/j.msard.2017.06.011_bib31) 2008; 27
Massa (10.1016/j.msard.2017.06.011_bib19) 2013; 19
Zhang (10.1016/j.msard.2017.06.011_bib35) 2010; 636
10.1016/j.msard.2017.06.011_bib22
Pakpoor (10.1016/j.msard.2017.06.011_bib25) 2014; 71
10.1016/j.msard.2017.06.011_bib21
10.1016/j.msard.2017.06.011_bib24
10.1016/j.msard.2017.06.011_bib23
Carle (10.1016/j.msard.2017.06.011_bib4) 2012; 167
Phillips (10.1016/j.msard.2017.06.011_bib26) 2013; 33
Soilu-Hanninen (10.1016/j.msard.2017.06.011_bib30) 2012; 83
Foster (10.1016/j.msard.2017.06.011_bib10) 2012; 243
Fillmore (10.1016/j.msard.2017.06.011_bib8) 2007
Chua (10.1016/j.msard.2017.06.011_bib5) 2015; 8
Fitzgerald (10.1016/j.msard.2017.06.011_bib9) 2015; 72
Roxburgh (10.1016/j.msard.2017.06.011_bib29) 2005; 64
Gauthier (10.1016/j.msard.2017.06.011_bib11) 2006; 5
References_xml – volume: 33
  start-page: 56
  year: 2013
  end-page: 65
  ident: bib26
  article-title: BG-12 in multiple sclerosis
  publication-title: Semin. Neurol.
– volume: 2
  start-page: 619
  year: 1992
  end-page: 629
  ident: bib13
  article-title: Routine quantitative analysis of brain and cerebrospinal fluid spaces with MR imaging
  publication-title: J. Magn. Reson. Imaging: JMRI
– volume: 8
  start-page: 606
  year: 2015
  end-page: 610
  ident: bib5
  article-title: Handling changes in MRI acquisition parameters in modeling whole brain lesion volume and atrophy data in multiple sclerosis subjects: Comparison of linear mixed-effect models
  publication-title: NeuroImage Clin.
– volume: 167
  start-page: 483
  year: 2012
  end-page: 490
  ident: bib4
  article-title: Moderate alcohol consumption may protect against overt autoimmune hypothyroidism: a population-based case-control study
  publication-title: Eur. J. Endocrinol./Eur. Fed. Endocr. Soc.
– volume: 98
  start-page: S111
  year: 2007
  end-page: S115
  ident: bib28
  article-title: Moderate alcohol consumption and the immune system: a review
  publication-title: Br. J. Nutr.
– reference: (Accessed 8 January 2016).
– volume: 71
  start-page: 1188
  year: 2014
  end-page: 1189
  ident: bib25
  article-title: Alcohol misuse disorders and multiple sclerosis risk
  publication-title: JAMA Neurol.
– year: 2014
  ident: bib3
  article-title: Low testosterone is associated with disability in men with multiple sclerosis
  publication-title: Mult. Scler.
– volume: 636
  start-page: 1
  year: 2010
  end-page: 7
  ident: bib35
  article-title: Anti-inflammatory activities of resveratrol in the brain: role of resveratrol in microglial activation
  publication-title: Eur. J. Pharmacol.
– volume: 35
  start-page: 584
  year: 2005
  end-page: 592
  ident: bib6
  article-title: In vivo quercitrin anti-inflammatory effect involves release of quercetin, which inhibits inflammation through down-regulation of the NF-kappaB pathway
  publication-title: Eur. J. Immunol.
– volume: 19
  start-page: 53
  year: 2013
  end-page: 58
  ident: bib19
  article-title: Caffeine and alcohol intakes have no association with risk of multiple sclerosis
  publication-title: Mult. Scler.
– volume: 10
  start-page: 605
  year: 2013
  end-page: 620
  ident: bib15
  article-title: Sirtuin deacetylases as therapeutic targets in the nervous system
  publication-title: Neurother.: J. Am. Soc. Exp. NeuroTher.
– volume: 5
  start-page: 532
  year: 2006
  end-page: 536
  ident: bib11
  article-title: A model for the comprehensive investigation of a chronic autoimmune disease: the multiple sclerosis climb study
  publication-title: Autoimmun. Rev.
– volume: 5
  start-page: 493
  year: 2006
  end-page: 506
  ident: bib2
  article-title: Therapeutic potential of resveratrol: the in vivo evidence
  publication-title: Nat. Rev. Drug Discov.
– volume: 21
  start-page: 279
  year: 2009
  end-page: 283
  ident: bib16
  article-title: Environmental influences on risk for rheumatoid arthritis
  publication-title: Curr. Opin. Rheumatol.
– volume: 64
  start-page: 1144
  year: 2005
  end-page: 1151
  ident: bib29
  article-title: Multiple sclerosis severity score: using disability and disease duration to rate disease severity
  publication-title: Neurology
– reference: Zahr, N.M., 2014. Structural and microstructral imaging of the brain in alcohol use disorders. In: Handbook of Clinical Neurology, vol. 125, pp. 275–290.
– volume: 71
  start-page: 306
  year: 2014
  end-page: 314
  ident: bib1
  article-title: Vitamin D as an early predictor of multiple sclerosis activity and progression
  publication-title: JAMA Neurol.
– start-page: S16
  year: 2007
  end-page: S23
  ident: bib8
  article-title: Moderate alcohol use and reduced mortality risk: systematic error in prospective studies and new hypotheses
  publication-title: Ann. epidemiol.
– volume: 15
  start-page: 203
  year: 2002
  end-page: 209
  ident: bib33
  article-title: Quantitative analysis of MRI signal abnormalities of brain white matter with high reproducibility and accuracy
  publication-title: J. Magn. Reson. Imaging: JMRI
– volume: 296
  start-page: 2832
  year: 2006
  end-page: 2838
  ident: bib20
  article-title: Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and risk of multiple sclerosis
  publication-title: JAMA: J. Am. Med. Assoc.
– volume: 69
  start-page: 292
  year: 2011
  end-page: 302
  ident: bib27
  article-title: Diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: 2010 Revisions to the McDonald criteria
  publication-title: Ann. Neurol.
– volume: 27
  start-page: 1557
  year: 2008
  end-page: 1563
  ident: bib31
  article-title: Moderate alcohol drinking might be protective for systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic review and meta-analysis
  publication-title: Clin. Rheumatol.
– volume: 33
  start-page: 1444
  year: 1983
  end-page: 1452
  ident: bib14
  article-title: Rating neurologic impairment in multiple sclerosis: an expanded disability status scale (EDSS)
  publication-title: Neurology
– reference: NIAAA, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. Recommended Alcohol Questions.
– volume: 69
  start-page: 279
  year: 2010
  end-page: 285
  ident: bib17
  article-title: Polyphenols from red wine are potent modulators of innate and adaptive immune responsiveness
  publication-title: Proc. Nutr. Soc.
– reference: Noble, J.M., Weimer, L.H., 2014. Neurologic complications of alcoholism. Continuum (Minneapolis, Minn.) 20(3 Neurology of Systemic Disease), pp. 624–641.
– volume: 83
  start-page: 565
  year: 2012
  end-page: 571
  ident: bib30
  article-title: A randomised, double blind, placebo controlled trial with vitamin D3 as an add on treatment to interferon beta-1b in patients with multiple sclerosis
  publication-title: J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry
– volume: 10
  start-page: 402
  year: 2004
  end-page: 406
  ident: bib32
  article-title: Has your patient's multiple sclerosis lesion burden or brain atrophy actually changed?
  publication-title: Mult. Scler.
– volume: 72
  start-page: 1458
  year: 2015
  end-page: 1465
  ident: bib9
  article-title: Association of Vitamin D levels with multiple sclerosis activity and progression in patients receiving interferon Beta-1b
  publication-title: JAMA Neurol.
– volume: 71
  start-page: 300
  year: 2014
  end-page: 305
  ident: bib12
  article-title: Alcohol as a modifiable lifestyle factor affecting multiple sclerosis risk
  publication-title: JAMA Neurol.
– reference: Nova, E., Baccan, G.C., Veses, A., Zapatera, B., Marcos, A., 2012. Potential health benefits of moderate alcohol consumption: current perspectives in research. In: Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, England, pp. 307–315.
– volume: 243
  start-page: 61
  year: 2012
  end-page: 68
  ident: bib10
  article-title: Associations of moderate alcohol consumption with clinical and MRI measures in multiple sclerosis
  publication-title: J. Neuroimmunol.
– reference: NIAAA, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. What is a standard drink?
– volume: 30
  start-page: 135
  year: 2006
  end-page: 139
  ident: bib18
  article-title: Moderate alcohol intake in humans attenuates monocyte inflammatory responses: inhibition of nuclear regulatory factor kappa B and induction of interleukin 10
  publication-title: Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res.
– volume: 19
  start-page: 616
  year: 2012
  end-page: 624
  ident: bib7
  article-title: Alcohol, coffee, fish, smoking and disease progression in multiple sclerosis
  publication-title: Eur. J. Neurol.
– volume: 8
  start-page: 606
  year: 2015
  ident: 10.1016/j.msard.2017.06.011_bib5
  article-title: Handling changes in MRI acquisition parameters in modeling whole brain lesion volume and atrophy data in multiple sclerosis subjects: Comparison of linear mixed-effect models
  publication-title: NeuroImage Clin.
  doi: 10.1016/j.nicl.2015.06.009
– volume: 30
  start-page: 135
  issue: 1
  year: 2006
  ident: 10.1016/j.msard.2017.06.011_bib18
  article-title: Moderate alcohol intake in humans attenuates monocyte inflammatory responses: inhibition of nuclear regulatory factor kappa B and induction of interleukin 10
  publication-title: Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res.
  doi: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2006.00012.x
– volume: 33
  start-page: 56
  issue: 1
  year: 2013
  ident: 10.1016/j.msard.2017.06.011_bib26
  article-title: BG-12 in multiple sclerosis
  publication-title: Semin. Neurol.
  doi: 10.1055/s-0033-1343796
– volume: 19
  start-page: 53
  issue: 1
  year: 2013
  ident: 10.1016/j.msard.2017.06.011_bib19
  article-title: Caffeine and alcohol intakes have no association with risk of multiple sclerosis
  publication-title: Mult. Scler.
  doi: 10.1177/1352458512448108
– volume: 10
  start-page: 402
  issue: 4
  year: 2004
  ident: 10.1016/j.msard.2017.06.011_bib32
  article-title: Has your patient's multiple sclerosis lesion burden or brain atrophy actually changed?
  publication-title: Mult. Scler.
  doi: 10.1191/1352458504ms1061oa
– volume: 35
  start-page: 584
  issue: 2
  year: 2005
  ident: 10.1016/j.msard.2017.06.011_bib6
  article-title: In vivo quercitrin anti-inflammatory effect involves release of quercetin, which inhibits inflammation through down-regulation of the NF-kappaB pathway
  publication-title: Eur. J. Immunol.
  doi: 10.1002/eji.200425778
– volume: 27
  start-page: 1557
  issue: 12
  year: 2008
  ident: 10.1016/j.msard.2017.06.011_bib31
  article-title: Moderate alcohol drinking might be protective for systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic review and meta-analysis
  publication-title: Clin. Rheumatol.
  doi: 10.1007/s10067-008-1004-z
– volume: 71
  start-page: 1188
  issue: 9
  year: 2014
  ident: 10.1016/j.msard.2017.06.011_bib25
  article-title: Alcohol misuse disorders and multiple sclerosis risk
  publication-title: JAMA Neurol.
  doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2014.1795
– volume: 167
  start-page: 483
  issue: 4
  year: 2012
  ident: 10.1016/j.msard.2017.06.011_bib4
  article-title: Moderate alcohol consumption may protect against overt autoimmune hypothyroidism: a population-based case-control study
  publication-title: Eur. J. Endocrinol./Eur. Fed. Endocr. Soc.
  doi: 10.1530/EJE-12-0356
– volume: 5
  start-page: 532
  issue: 8
  year: 2006
  ident: 10.1016/j.msard.2017.06.011_bib11
  article-title: A model for the comprehensive investigation of a chronic autoimmune disease: the multiple sclerosis climb study
  publication-title: Autoimmun. Rev.
  doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2006.02.012
– volume: 21
  start-page: 279
  issue: 3
  year: 2009
  ident: 10.1016/j.msard.2017.06.011_bib16
  article-title: Environmental influences on risk for rheumatoid arthritis
  publication-title: Curr. Opin. Rheumatol.
  doi: 10.1097/BOR.0b013e32832a2e16
– ident: 10.1016/j.msard.2017.06.011_bib24
  doi: 10.1017/S0029665112000171
– ident: 10.1016/j.msard.2017.06.011_bib21
– volume: 10
  start-page: 605
  issue: 4
  year: 2013
  ident: 10.1016/j.msard.2017.06.011_bib15
  article-title: Sirtuin deacetylases as therapeutic targets in the nervous system
  publication-title: Neurother.: J. Am. Soc. Exp. NeuroTher.
  doi: 10.1007/s13311-013-0214-5
– volume: 296
  start-page: 2832
  issue: 23
  year: 2006
  ident: 10.1016/j.msard.2017.06.011_bib20
  article-title: Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and risk of multiple sclerosis
  publication-title: JAMA: J. Am. Med. Assoc.
  doi: 10.1001/jama.296.23.2832
– volume: 83
  start-page: 565
  issue: 5
  year: 2012
  ident: 10.1016/j.msard.2017.06.011_bib30
  article-title: A randomised, double blind, placebo controlled trial with vitamin D3 as an add on treatment to interferon beta-1b in patients with multiple sclerosis
  publication-title: J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry
  doi: 10.1136/jnnp-2011-301876
– volume: 2
  start-page: 619
  issue: 6
  year: 1992
  ident: 10.1016/j.msard.2017.06.011_bib13
  article-title: Routine quantitative analysis of brain and cerebrospinal fluid spaces with MR imaging
  publication-title: J. Magn. Reson. Imaging: JMRI
  doi: 10.1002/jmri.1880020603
– volume: 71
  start-page: 306
  issue: 3
  year: 2014
  ident: 10.1016/j.msard.2017.06.011_bib1
  article-title: Vitamin D as an early predictor of multiple sclerosis activity and progression
  publication-title: JAMA Neurol.
  doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2013.5993
– year: 2014
  ident: 10.1016/j.msard.2017.06.011_bib3
  article-title: Low testosterone is associated with disability in men with multiple sclerosis
  publication-title: Mult. Scler.
  doi: 10.1177/1352458514527864
– start-page: S16
  year: 2007
  ident: 10.1016/j.msard.2017.06.011_bib8
  article-title: Moderate alcohol use and reduced mortality risk: systematic error in prospective studies and new hypotheses
  publication-title: Ann. epidemiol.
  doi: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2007.01.005
– volume: 15
  start-page: 203
  issue: 2
  year: 2002
  ident: 10.1016/j.msard.2017.06.011_bib33
  article-title: Quantitative analysis of MRI signal abnormalities of brain white matter with high reproducibility and accuracy
  publication-title: J. Magn. Reson. Imaging: JMRI
  doi: 10.1002/jmri.10053
– volume: 243
  start-page: 61
  issue: 1–2
  year: 2012
  ident: 10.1016/j.msard.2017.06.011_bib10
  article-title: Associations of moderate alcohol consumption with clinical and MRI measures in multiple sclerosis
  publication-title: J. Neuroimmunol.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2011.12.007
– volume: 71
  start-page: 300
  issue: 3
  year: 2014
  ident: 10.1016/j.msard.2017.06.011_bib12
  article-title: Alcohol as a modifiable lifestyle factor affecting multiple sclerosis risk
  publication-title: JAMA Neurol.
  doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2013.5858
– volume: 636
  start-page: 1
  issue: 1–3
  year: 2010
  ident: 10.1016/j.msard.2017.06.011_bib35
  article-title: Anti-inflammatory activities of resveratrol in the brain: role of resveratrol in microglial activation
  publication-title: Eur. J. Pharmacol.
  doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.03.043
– volume: 5
  start-page: 493
  issue: 6
  year: 2006
  ident: 10.1016/j.msard.2017.06.011_bib2
  article-title: Therapeutic potential of resveratrol: the in vivo evidence
  publication-title: Nat. Rev. Drug Discov.
  doi: 10.1038/nrd2060
– volume: 98
  start-page: S111
  issue: Suppl 1
  year: 2007
  ident: 10.1016/j.msard.2017.06.011_bib28
  article-title: Moderate alcohol consumption and the immune system: a review
  publication-title: Br. J. Nutr.
  doi: 10.1017/S0007114507838049
– ident: 10.1016/j.msard.2017.06.011_bib34
  doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-62619-6.00017-3
– ident: 10.1016/j.msard.2017.06.011_bib22
– volume: 19
  start-page: 616
  issue: 4
  year: 2012
  ident: 10.1016/j.msard.2017.06.011_bib7
  article-title: Alcohol, coffee, fish, smoking and disease progression in multiple sclerosis
  publication-title: Eur. J. Neurol.
  doi: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2011.03596.x
– ident: 10.1016/j.msard.2017.06.011_bib23
  doi: 10.1212/01.CON.0000450970.99322.84
– volume: 33
  start-page: 1444
  issue: 11
  year: 1983
  ident: 10.1016/j.msard.2017.06.011_bib14
  article-title: Rating neurologic impairment in multiple sclerosis: an expanded disability status scale (EDSS)
  publication-title: Neurology
  doi: 10.1212/WNL.33.11.1444
– volume: 69
  start-page: 292
  issue: 2
  year: 2011
  ident: 10.1016/j.msard.2017.06.011_bib27
  article-title: Diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: 2010 Revisions to the McDonald criteria
  publication-title: Ann. Neurol.
  doi: 10.1002/ana.22366
– volume: 69
  start-page: 279
  issue: 3
  year: 2010
  ident: 10.1016/j.msard.2017.06.011_bib17
  article-title: Polyphenols from red wine are potent modulators of innate and adaptive immune responsiveness
  publication-title: Proc. Nutr. Soc.
  doi: 10.1017/S0029665110000121
– volume: 72
  start-page: 1458
  issue: 12
  year: 2015
  ident: 10.1016/j.msard.2017.06.011_bib9
  article-title: Association of Vitamin D levels with multiple sclerosis activity and progression in patients receiving interferon Beta-1b
  publication-title: JAMA Neurol.
  doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2015.2742
– volume: 64
  start-page: 1144
  issue: 7
  year: 2005
  ident: 10.1016/j.msard.2017.06.011_bib29
  article-title: Multiple sclerosis severity score: using disability and disease duration to rate disease severity
  publication-title: Neurology
  doi: 10.1212/01.WNL.0000156155.19270.F8
SSID ssj0000651461
Score 2.1785796
Snippet Alcohol and in particular red wine have both immunomodulatory and neuroprotective properties, and may exert an effect on the disease course of multiple...
SourceID proquest
pubmed
crossref
elsevier
SourceType Aggregation Database
Index Database
Enrichment Source
Publisher
StartPage 47
SubjectTerms Adult
Alcohol
Alcohol Drinking
Brain - diagnostic imaging
Brain - pathology
EDSS
Female
Humans
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Male
Middle Aged
MRI
MSSS
Multiple sclerosis
Multiple Sclerosis - diagnostic imaging
Multiple Sclerosis - epidemiology
Multiple Sclerosis - pathology
Wine
Title The effect of alcohol and red wine consumption on clinical and MRI outcomes in multiple sclerosis
URI https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/1-s2.0-S221103481730144X
https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msard.2017.06.011
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29055473
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1954397630
Volume 17
WOSCitedRecordID wos000414816700010&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
journalDatabaseRights – providerCode: PRVESC
  databaseName: Elsevier SD Freedom Collection Journals 2021
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 2211-0356
  dateEnd: 20210531
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0000651461
  issn: 2211-0348
  databaseCode: AIEXJ
  dateStart: 20120101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://www.sciencedirect.com
  providerName: Elsevier
link http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV1ba9swFBZpO8Zexu7LLkWDvWUOvkt6LKVj3UgZawZ5M7JlUxfbCXFcSv_U_uKObnZGaHeBgTHBsSJF5_PROcefzkHoPWNFTmMROkWQc3BQiOtwUYQOcYss5SLwCc9UsQlydkYXC_Z1NPph98JcVaRp6PU1W_1XUcM1ELbcOvsX4u5_FC7AZxA6nEHscP5jwWuWhnrHr0vgahq5opo3ip8OI9LKAo5-d6QiXXw7nSy7DYxMUbUGxmEL_cCSWrbb9uxs51vTU8WlKStMbs-hen3Jb5zjdXejySZ1WS0HgkGnY7yVjLRMzqdDsLwqlc6edRe8rrmYzHlZdz2r-AtfVabIMq_5mm8HMmBxtJQ4E13b2WEjlaDvyxBuoLNxTvPtazohea_FyZYa1kk8zYKukxHvLBU6anE5rVt4FCXHj6hErkb1_5qD-1x2KUfhEeWCLvbQgU8iBmr04Oj0ZPG5D-uBRScrpcuShnbkNteVYhXu9HabPXSbv6Psnvkj9NA4LPhIA-0xGuXNE3R_ZigZTxEHvGGNN7wssMEbBhRgwBuWeMNbeMNwWLypmwBv2OINlw22eMM9op6h7x9P5sefHFO3w8lCz9s4oNKLgEZ5HBCaUbcQWRjSwMs8MH3B3Y9cwQjnxC-EiH2axoLHJGSiYITGaUrS4Dnab5ZN_hJhsEY9xiMGbr0f5mmaRtxPY-5GnArKWD5Gvp29JDNJ7WVtlSqx7MXLRE15Iqc8kRxOzxujD32jlc7pcvftoRVLYicIFtgEgHR3s7hvZqxZbaX-vuE7K_sEdL18gcebfNm1iczOKP2HwB2jFxoU_R_wmRvJOuKv_rXb1-jB8FS-QfubdZe_Rfeyq03Zrg_RHlnQQ4P2nxrM20o
linkProvider Elsevier
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+effect+of+alcohol+and+red+wine+consumption+on+clinical+and+MRI+outcomes+in+multiple+sclerosis&rft.jtitle=Multiple+sclerosis+and+related+disorders&rft.au=Diaz-Cruz%2C+Camilo&rft.au=Chua%2C+Alicia+S.&rft.au=Malik%2C+Muhammad+Taimur&rft.au=Kaplan%2C+Tamara&rft.date=2017-10-01&rft.pub=Elsevier+B.V&rft.issn=2211-0348&rft.eissn=2211-0356&rft.volume=17&rft.spage=47&rft.epage=53&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.msard.2017.06.011&rft.externalDocID=S221103481730144X
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=2211-0348&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=2211-0348&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=2211-0348&client=summon