On the impact of words: interpretation, empathy and affect regulation
This paper offers a contribution towards furthering our understanding of a theme more usually associated with the Freudian tradition, namely the role and function of words as action, particularly in relation to the representational process and its somatic roots. Some reference to neuroscience resear...
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| Published in: | Journal of analytical psychology Vol. 58; no. 5; pp. 615 - 635 |
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| Main Author: | |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
England
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
01.11.2013
Wiley Subscription Services, Inc |
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| ISSN: | 0021-8774, 1468-5922, 1468-5922 |
| Online Access: | Get full text |
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| Abstract | This paper offers a contribution towards furthering our understanding of a theme more usually associated with the Freudian tradition, namely the role and function of words as action, particularly in relation to the representational process and its somatic roots. Some reference to neuroscience research will be offered in this respect. It also considers the value of differentiating Empathy from Empathism, as defined by the Italian psychoanalyst Stefano Bolognini who distinguishes informing complementary countertransference from states of over‐concordance. Two analytic sessions taken from the intensive analysis of a deeply deprived late‐latency child showing violent behaviour are provided with the aim of illustrating the application of these concepts. It is argued that, given the same elaboration of the countertransference and the adequate empathic position on the part of the analyst, the difference in the outcome of the interpretation was made by the specific use of words—in this case the use or not of the personal pronoun―in the two sessions. As the case material is taken from the clinical work of a supervisee, some elements regarding the supervisory situation are also discussed in the paper.
Translations of
L'article propose une contribution pour aider à mieux comprendre un thème davantage associé, habituellement, à la tradition freudienne, à savoir le rôle et la fonction des mots opérants, en particulier en relation avec le processus de représentation et ses origines somatiques. A cet égard, nous proposerons des références aux recherches neuroscientifiques. Nous considèrerons aussi la valeur de la différentiation entre empathie et empathisme, telle que définie par le psychanalyste italien Stefano Bolognini, qui distingue un contretransfert complémentaire informatif par rapport aux états de concordance trop grande. Afin d'illustrer l'application de ces concepts, nous proposerons deux séances d'analyse tirées de l'analyse intensive d'un enfant préadolescent profondément carencé, qui avait un comportement violent. Il est avancé que, en fonction d'une même élaboration du contretransfert et d'une attitude empathique adéquate de la part de l'analyste, la différence d'impact de l'interprétation est due à la spécificité des mots utilisés: dans le cas de ces deux séances, l'utilisation ou non du pronom personnel. Dans cet article, comme le cas clinique a été tiré du travail clinique d'un analyste en supervision, quelques aspects de la situation de supervision seront aussi débattus.
Der Artikel möchte einen Beitrag leisten zur Vertiefung unseres Verständnisses eines Themas, daß gewöhnlich stärker mit der Freudianischen Tradition assoziiert wird, nämlich dem der Rolle und Funktion von Worten als Handlungen, besonders in Beziehung zum Repräsentationsprozeß und dessen somatischer Wurzeln. Hierzu werden einige Bezüge zur neurowissenschaftlichen Forschung hergestellt. Auch wird die Wichtigkeit einer Unterscheidung zwischen Empathie und Empathismus berücksichtigt, wie sie von dem italienischen Psychoanalytiker Stefano Bolognini definiert worden ist, der eine aufschlußgebende komplementäre Gegenübertragung von Zuständen der Überidentifikation trennt. Zwei der intensiven Analyse eines zutiefst deprivierten spätadoleszenten Kindes mit Gewaltverhalten entnommene Stundenprotokolle werden mit dem Ziel vorgestellt, die Anwendung dieses Konzeptes zu illustrieren. Es wird dahingehend argumentiert, daß, bei gleicher Elaboration der Gegenübertragung und der adäquaten empathischen Haltung auf Seiten des Analytikers, der Unterschied im Resultat der Deutung auf die Spezifität der benutzten Worte zurückzuführen ist: im Falle dieser beiden Stunden der Gebrauch oder Nichtgebrauch des Personalpronomens. Da das Fallmaterial der klinischen Arbeit eines Supervisanden entnommen ist, werden zusätzlich einige die Supervisionssituation betreffende Elemente diskutiert.
Lo scritto presenta un contributo di approfondimento e di riflessione su un tema che è più comunemente associato alla tradizione freudiana, segnatamente il ruolo della parola come azione, in particolare rapporto col processo rappresentativo e le sue radici somatiche. In questa luce verrà anche brevemente delineato il contributo della ricerca neuro‐scientifica. L'articolo prende inoltre in esame l'importanza di differenziare l'Empatia dall'Empatismo, secondo quella che è la definizione proposta dallo psicoanalista italiano Stefano Bolognini, che distingue un controtransfert complementare funzionale dagli stati iper‐concordanti. Allo scopo di illustrare questi concetti, vengono riportate due sedute prese dall'analisi intensiva di un paziente gravemente deprivato in tarda età di latenza, che mostra un comportamento violento. Si discute l'evidenza secondo cui, data un'analoga e adeguata elaborazione del controtransfert ed una corretta posizione empatica da parte dell'analista in entrambe le sedute, la differenza nell'efficacia dell'interpretazione è data dall'uso specifico delle parole – nel caso particolare l'uso o meno del pronome personale – in ciascuna seduta. Dal momento che il materiale clinico è tratto dal lavoro di un allievo, vengono anche discussi alcuni elementi particolari riguardanti la situazione di supervisione.
Статья являет собой еще один вклад в дальнейшее углубление понимания темы, обычно ассоциируемой с фрейдистской традицией, а именно: роли и функции слов как действия, в особенности по отношению к репрезентативному процессу и его соматическим корням. В этой связи будут делаться некоторые ссылки на неврологические исследования. Кроме того, в статье рассматривается значимость различения «эмпатии» от «эмпатизма» (такие определения дал итальянский психоаналитик Стефано Болоньини, проводивший различие между информативным дополняющим контрпереносом и состояниями сверх‐согласованности). Приводится материал двух аналитических сессий из интенсивного анализа глубоко депривированного заторможенного ребенка, демонстрирующего агрессивное поведение; этот материал иллюстрирует применение таких концепций на практике. Доказывается, что при такой же разработанности контрпереноса и адекватной эмпатической установки аналитика разница, получившаяся в результате разных интерпретаций, зависела от специфики применяемых слов: в данном случае это было использование или не использование личного местоимения. Поскольку материал случая взят из клинической работы супервизанта, некоторые элементы ситуации супервизии также обсуждаются в статье.
El trabajo brinda una contribución para avanzar en nuestra comprensión de un tema generalmente asociado más con la tradición Freudiana, a saber, el papel y la función de las palabras, como acción, en particular en relación con el proceso de representación y sus raíces somáticas. En este sentido se hace referencia a investigaciones en neurociencias. Se considera, asimismo, el valor de distigiuir empatía de Empathismo, de acuerdo con lo definido por el psicoanalista italiano Stefano Bolognini que diferencia un estado informativo de contratransferencia complementaria de los estados de sobre‐concordancia. Se presentan dos sesiones tomadas del análisis exhaustivo de un niño en situación desventajosa de deprivación durante la latencia tardía que presenta comportamientos violentos, con el objetivo de ilustrar la aplicación de estos conceptos. Se argumenta que, dada la elaboración de la contratransferencia y la adecuada posición empática del analista, la diferencia en el resultado de la interpretación es debido a la especificidad de las palabras que se utilizan: en el caso de estas dos sesiones el uso o no del pronombre personal. Como el material es tomado del trabajo clínico de una persona en supervisión, en el trabajo se discuten algunos elementos relativos a la situación de supervisión. |
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| AbstractList | This paper offers a contribution towards furthering our understanding of a theme more usually associated with the Freudian tradition, namely the role and function of words as action, particularly in relation to the representational process and its somatic roots. Some reference to neuroscience research will be offered in this respect. It also considers the value of differentiating Empathy from Empathism, as defined by the Italian psychoanalyst Stefano Bolognini who distinguishes informing complementary countertransference from states of over‐concordance. Two analytic sessions taken from the intensive analysis of a deeply deprived late‐latency child showing violent behaviour are provided with the aim of illustrating the application of these concepts. It is argued that, given the same elaboration of the countertransference and the adequate empathic position on the part of the analyst, the difference in the outcome of the interpretation was made by the specific use of words—in this case the use or not of the personal pronoun―in the two sessions. As the case material is taken from the clinical work of a supervisee, some elements regarding the supervisory situation are also discussed in the paper.
Translations of
L'article propose une contribution pour aider à mieux comprendre un thème davantage associé, habituellement, à la tradition freudienne, à savoir le rôle et la fonction des mots opérants, en particulier en relation avec le processus de représentation et ses origines somatiques. A cet égard, nous proposerons des références aux recherches neuroscientifiques. Nous considèrerons aussi la valeur de la différentiation entre empathie et empathisme, telle que définie par le psychanalyste italien Stefano Bolognini, qui distingue un contretransfert complémentaire informatif par rapport aux états de concordance trop grande. Afin d'illustrer l'application de ces concepts, nous proposerons deux séances d'analyse tirées de l'analyse intensive d'un enfant préadolescent profondément carencé, qui avait un comportement violent. Il est avancé que, en fonction d'une même élaboration du contretransfert et d'une attitude empathique adéquate de la part de l'analyste, la différence d'impact de l'interprétation est due à la spécificité des mots utilisés: dans le cas de ces deux séances, l'utilisation ou non du pronom personnel. Dans cet article, comme le cas clinique a été tiré du travail clinique d'un analyste en supervision, quelques aspects de la situation de supervision seront aussi débattus.
Der Artikel möchte einen Beitrag leisten zur Vertiefung unseres Verständnisses eines Themas, daß gewöhnlich stärker mit der Freudianischen Tradition assoziiert wird, nämlich dem der Rolle und Funktion von Worten als Handlungen, besonders in Beziehung zum Repräsentationsprozeß und dessen somatischer Wurzeln. Hierzu werden einige Bezüge zur neurowissenschaftlichen Forschung hergestellt. Auch wird die Wichtigkeit einer Unterscheidung zwischen Empathie und Empathismus berücksichtigt, wie sie von dem italienischen Psychoanalytiker Stefano Bolognini definiert worden ist, der eine aufschlußgebende komplementäre Gegenübertragung von Zuständen der Überidentifikation trennt. Zwei der intensiven Analyse eines zutiefst deprivierten spätadoleszenten Kindes mit Gewaltverhalten entnommene Stundenprotokolle werden mit dem Ziel vorgestellt, die Anwendung dieses Konzeptes zu illustrieren. Es wird dahingehend argumentiert, daß, bei gleicher Elaboration der Gegenübertragung und der adäquaten empathischen Haltung auf Seiten des Analytikers, der Unterschied im Resultat der Deutung auf die Spezifität der benutzten Worte zurückzuführen ist: im Falle dieser beiden Stunden der Gebrauch oder Nichtgebrauch des Personalpronomens. Da das Fallmaterial der klinischen Arbeit eines Supervisanden entnommen ist, werden zusätzlich einige die Supervisionssituation betreffende Elemente diskutiert.
Lo scritto presenta un contributo di approfondimento e di riflessione su un tema che è più comunemente associato alla tradizione freudiana, segnatamente il ruolo della parola come azione, in particolare rapporto col processo rappresentativo e le sue radici somatiche. In questa luce verrà anche brevemente delineato il contributo della ricerca neuro‐scientifica. L'articolo prende inoltre in esame l'importanza di differenziare l'Empatia dall'Empatismo, secondo quella che è la definizione proposta dallo psicoanalista italiano Stefano Bolognini, che distingue un controtransfert complementare funzionale dagli stati iper‐concordanti. Allo scopo di illustrare questi concetti, vengono riportate due sedute prese dall'analisi intensiva di un paziente gravemente deprivato in tarda età di latenza, che mostra un comportamento violento. Si discute l'evidenza secondo cui, data un'analoga e adeguata elaborazione del controtransfert ed una corretta posizione empatica da parte dell'analista in entrambe le sedute, la differenza nell'efficacia dell'interpretazione è data dall'uso specifico delle parole – nel caso particolare l'uso o meno del pronome personale – in ciascuna seduta. Dal momento che il materiale clinico è tratto dal lavoro di un allievo, vengono anche discussi alcuni elementi particolari riguardanti la situazione di supervisione.
Статья являет собой еще один вклад в дальнейшее углубление понимания темы, обычно ассоциируемой с фрейдистской традицией, а именно: роли и функции слов как действия, в особенности по отношению к репрезентативному процессу и его соматическим корням. В этой связи будут делаться некоторые ссылки на неврологические исследования. Кроме того, в статье рассматривается значимость различения «эмпатии» от «эмпатизма» (такие определения дал итальянский психоаналитик Стефано Болоньини, проводивший различие между информативным дополняющим контрпереносом и состояниями сверх‐согласованности). Приводится материал двух аналитических сессий из интенсивного анализа глубоко депривированного заторможенного ребенка, демонстрирующего агрессивное поведение; этот материал иллюстрирует применение таких концепций на практике. Доказывается, что при такой же разработанности контрпереноса и адекватной эмпатической установки аналитика разница, получившаяся в результате разных интерпретаций, зависела от специфики применяемых слов: в данном случае это было использование или не использование личного местоимения. Поскольку материал случая взят из клинической работы супервизанта, некоторые элементы ситуации супервизии также обсуждаются в статье.
El trabajo brinda una contribución para avanzar en nuestra comprensión de un tema generalmente asociado más con la tradición Freudiana, a saber, el papel y la función de las palabras, como acción, en particular en relación con el proceso de representación y sus raíces somáticas. En este sentido se hace referencia a investigaciones en neurociencias. Se considera, asimismo, el valor de distigiuir empatía de Empathismo, de acuerdo con lo definido por el psicoanalista italiano Stefano Bolognini que diferencia un estado informativo de contratransferencia complementaria de los estados de sobre‐concordancia. Se presentan dos sesiones tomadas del análisis exhaustivo de un niño en situación desventajosa de deprivación durante la latencia tardía que presenta comportamientos violentos, con el objetivo de ilustrar la aplicación de estos conceptos. Se argumenta que, dada la elaboración de la contratransferencia y la adecuada posición empática del analista, la diferencia en el resultado de la interpretación es debido a la especificidad de las palabras que se utilizan: en el caso de estas dos sesiones el uso o no del pronombre personal. Como el material es tomado del trabajo clínico de una persona en supervisión, en el trabajo se discuten algunos elementos relativos a la situación de supervisión. This paper offers a contribution towards furthering our understanding of a theme more usually associated with the Freudian tradition, namely the role and function of words as action, particularly in relation to the representational process and its somatic roots. Some reference to neuroscience research will be offered in this respect. It also considers the value of differentiating Empathy from Empathism, as defined by the Italian psychoanalyst Stefano Bolognini who distinguishes informing complementary countertransference from states of over-concordance. Two analytic sessions taken from the intensive analysis of a deeply deprived late-latency child showing violent behaviour are provided with the aim of illustrating the application of these concepts. It is argued that, given the same elaboration of the countertransference and the adequate empathic position on the part of the analyst, the difference in the outcome of the interpretation was made by the specific use of words-in this case the use or not of the personal pronoun-in the two sessions. As the case material is taken from the clinical work of a supervisee, some elements regarding the supervisory situation are also discussed in the paper. This paper offers a contribution towards furthering our understanding of a theme more usually associated with the Freudian tradition, namely the role and function of words as action, particularly in relation to the representational process and its somatic roots. Some reference to neuroscience research will be offered in this respect. It also considers the value of differentiating Empathy from Empathism, as defined by the Italian psychoanalyst Stefano Bolognini who distinguishes informing complementary countertransference from states of over-concordance. Two analytic sessions taken from the intensive analysis of a deeply deprived late-latency child showing violent behaviour are provided with the aim of illustrating the application of these concepts. It is argued that, given the same elaboration of the countertransference and the adequate empathic position on the part of the analyst, the difference in the outcome of the interpretation was made by the specific use of words-in this case the use or not of the personal pronoun-in the two sessions. As the case material is taken from the clinical work of a supervisee, some elements regarding the supervisory situation are also discussed in the paper.This paper offers a contribution towards furthering our understanding of a theme more usually associated with the Freudian tradition, namely the role and function of words as action, particularly in relation to the representational process and its somatic roots. Some reference to neuroscience research will be offered in this respect. It also considers the value of differentiating Empathy from Empathism, as defined by the Italian psychoanalyst Stefano Bolognini who distinguishes informing complementary countertransference from states of over-concordance. Two analytic sessions taken from the intensive analysis of a deeply deprived late-latency child showing violent behaviour are provided with the aim of illustrating the application of these concepts. It is argued that, given the same elaboration of the countertransference and the adequate empathic position on the part of the analyst, the difference in the outcome of the interpretation was made by the specific use of words-in this case the use or not of the personal pronoun-in the two sessions. As the case material is taken from the clinical work of a supervisee, some elements regarding the supervisory situation are also discussed in the paper. This paper offers a contribution towards furthering our understanding of a theme more usually associated with the Freudian tradition, namely the role and function of words as action , particularly in relation to the representational process and its somatic roots. Some reference to neuroscience research will be offered in this respect. It also considers the value of differentiating Empathy from Empathism, as defined by the Italian psychoanalyst Stefano Bolognini who distinguishes informing complementary countertransference from states of over‐concordance. Two analytic sessions taken from the intensive analysis of a deeply deprived late‐latency child showing violent behaviour are provided with the aim of illustrating the application of these concepts. It is argued that, given the same elaboration of the countertransference and the adequate empathic position on the part of the analyst, the difference in the outcome of the interpretation was made by the specific use of words—in this case the use or not of the personal pronoun―in the two sessions. As the case material is taken from the clinical work of a supervisee, some elements regarding the supervisory situation are also discussed in the paper. L'article propose une contribution pour aider à mieux comprendre un thème davantage associé, habituellement, à la tradition freudienne, à savoir le rôle et la fonction des mots opérants , en particulier en relation avec le processus de représentation et ses origines somatiques. A cet égard, nous proposerons des références aux recherches neuroscientifiques. Nous considèrerons aussi la valeur de la différentiation entre empathie et empathisme, telle que définie par le psychanalyste italien Stefano Bolognini, qui distingue un contretransfert complémentaire informatif par rapport aux états de concordance trop grande. Afin d'illustrer l'application de ces concepts, nous proposerons deux séances d'analyse tirées de l'analyse intensive d'un enfant préadolescent profondément carencé, qui avait un comportement violent. Il est avancé que, en fonction d'une même élaboration du contretransfert et d'une attitude empathique adéquate de la part de l'analyste, la différence d'impact de l'interprétation est due à la spécificité des mots utilisés: dans le cas de ces deux séances, l'utilisation ou non du pronom personnel. Dans cet article, comme le cas clinique a été tiré du travail clinique d'un analyste en supervision, quelques aspects de la situation de supervision seront aussi débattus. Der Artikel möchte einen Beitrag leisten zur Vertiefung unseres Verständnisses eines Themas, daß gewöhnlich stärker mit der Freudianischen Tradition assoziiert wird, nämlich dem der Rolle und Funktion von Worten als Handlungen , besonders in Beziehung zum Repräsentationsprozeß und dessen somatischer Wurzeln. Hierzu werden einige Bezüge zur neurowissenschaftlichen Forschung hergestellt. Auch wird die Wichtigkeit einer Unterscheidung zwischen Empathie und Empathismus berücksichtigt, wie sie von dem italienischen Psychoanalytiker Stefano Bolognini definiert worden ist, der eine aufschlußgebende komplementäre Gegenübertragung von Zuständen der Überidentifikation trennt. Zwei der intensiven Analyse eines zutiefst deprivierten spätadoleszenten Kindes mit Gewaltverhalten entnommene Stundenprotokolle werden mit dem Ziel vorgestellt, die Anwendung dieses Konzeptes zu illustrieren. Es wird dahingehend argumentiert, daß, bei gleicher Elaboration der Gegenübertragung und der adäquaten empathischen Haltung auf Seiten des Analytikers, der Unterschied im Resultat der Deutung auf die Spezifität der benutzten Worte zurückzuführen ist: im Falle dieser beiden Stunden der Gebrauch oder Nichtgebrauch des Personalpronomens. Da das Fallmaterial der klinischen Arbeit eines Supervisanden entnommen ist, werden zusätzlich einige die Supervisionssituation betreffende Elemente diskutiert. Lo scritto presenta un contributo di approfondimento e di riflessione su un tema che è più comunemente associato alla tradizione freudiana, segnatamente il ruolo della parola come azione , in particolare rapporto col processo rappresentativo e le sue radici somatiche. In questa luce verrà anche brevemente delineato il contributo della ricerca neuro‐scientifica. L'articolo prende inoltre in esame l'importanza di differenziare l'Empatia dall'Empatismo, secondo quella che è la definizione proposta dallo psicoanalista italiano Stefano Bolognini, che distingue un controtransfert complementare funzionale dagli stati iper‐concordanti. Allo scopo di illustrare questi concetti, vengono riportate due sedute prese dall'analisi intensiva di un paziente gravemente deprivato in tarda età di latenza, che mostra un comportamento violento. Si discute l'evidenza secondo cui, data un'analoga e adeguata elaborazione del controtransfert ed una corretta posizione empatica da parte dell'analista in entrambe le sedute, la differenza nell'efficacia dell'interpretazione è data dall'uso specifico delle parole – nel caso particolare l'uso o meno del pronome personale – in ciascuna seduta. Dal momento che il materiale clinico è tratto dal lavoro di un allievo, vengono anche discussi alcuni elementi particolari riguardanti la situazione di supervisione. Статья являет собой еще один вклад в дальнейшее углубление понимания темы, обычно ассоциируемой с фрейдистской традицией, а именно: роли и функции слов как действия , в особенности по отношению к репрезентативному процессу и его соматическим корням. В этой связи будут делаться некоторые ссылки на неврологические исследования. Кроме того, в статье рассматривается значимость различения «эмпатии» от «эмпатизма» (такие определения дал итальянский психоаналитик Стефано Болоньини, проводивший различие между информативным дополняющим контрпереносом и состояниями сверх‐согласованности). Приводится материал двух аналитических сессий из интенсивного анализа глубоко депривированного заторможенного ребенка, демонстрирующего агрессивное поведение; этот материал иллюстрирует применение таких концепций на практике. Доказывается, что при такой же разработанности контрпереноса и адекватной эмпатической установки аналитика разница, получившаяся в результате разных интерпретаций, зависела от специфики применяемых слов: в данном случае это было использование или не использование личного местоимения. Поскольку материал случая взят из клинической работы супервизанта, некоторые элементы ситуации супервизии также обсуждаются в статье. El trabajo brinda una contribución para avanzar en nuestra comprensión de un tema generalmente asociado más con la tradición Freudiana, a saber, el papel y la función de las palabras, como acción, en particular en relación con el proceso de representación y sus raíces somáticas. En este sentido se hace referencia a investigaciones en neurociencias. Se considera, asimismo, el valor de distigiuir empatía de Empathismo, de acuerdo con lo definido por el psicoanalista italiano Stefano Bolognini que diferencia un estado informativo de contratransferencia complementaria de los estados de sobre‐concordancia. Se presentan dos sesiones tomadas del análisis exhaustivo de un niño en situación desventajosa de deprivación durante la latencia tardía que presenta comportamientos violentos, con el objetivo de ilustrar la aplicación de estos conceptos. Se argumenta que, dada la elaboración de la contratransferencia y la adecuada posición empática del analista, la diferencia en el resultado de la interpretación es debido a la especificidad de las palabras que se utilizan: en el caso de estas dos sesiones el uso o no del pronombre personal. Como el material es tomado del trabajo clínico de una persona en supervisión, en el trabajo se discuten algunos elementos relativos a la situación de supervisión. This paper offers a contribution towards furthering our understanding of a theme more usually associated with the Freudian tradition, namely the role and function of words as action, particularly in relation to the representational process and its somatic roots. Some reference to neuroscience research will be offered in this respect. It also considers the value of differentiating Empathy from Empathism, as defined by the Italian psychoanalyst Stefano Bolognini who distinguishes informing complementary countertransference from states of over-concordance. Two analytic sessions taken from the intensive analysis of a deeply deprived late-latency child showing violent behaviour are provided with the aim of illustrating the application of these concepts. It is argued that, given the same elaboration of the countertransference and the adequate empathic position on the part of the analyst, the difference in the outcome of the interpretation was made by the specific use of words--in this case the use or not of the personal pronoun--in the two sessions. As the case material is taken from the clinical work of a supervisee, some elements regarding the supervisory situation are also discussed in the paper. Translations of Abstract L'article propose une contribution pour aider à mieux comprendre un thème davantage associé, habituellement, à la tradition freudienne, à savoir le rôle et la fonction des mots opérants, en particulier en relation avec le processus de représentation et ses origines somatiques. A cet égard, nous proposerons des références aux recherches neuroscientifiques. Nous considèrerons aussi la valeur de la différentiation entre empathie et empathisme, telle que définie par le psychanalyste italien Stefano Bolognini, qui distingue un contretransfert complémentaire informatif par rapport aux états de concordance trop grande. Afin d'illustrer l'application de ces concepts, nous proposerons deux séances d'analyse tirées de l'analyse intensive d'un enfant préadolescent profondément carencé, qui avait un comportement violent. Il est avancé que, en fonction d'une même élaboration du contretransfert et d'une attitude empathique adéquate de la part de l'analyste, la différence d'impact de l'interprétation est due à la spécificité des mots utilisés: dans le cas de ces deux séances, l'utilisation ou non du pronom personnel. Dans cet article, comme le cas clinique a été tiré du travail clinique d'un analyste en supervision, quelques aspects de la situation de supervision seront aussi débattus. Der Artikel möchte einen Beitrag leisten zur Vertiefung unseres Verständnisses eines Themas, daß gewöhnlich stärker mit der Freudianischen Tradition assoziiert wird, nämlich dem der Rolle und Funktion von Worten als Handlungen, besonders in Beziehung zum Repräsentationsprozeß und dessen somatischer Wurzeln. Hierzu werden einige Bezuge zur neurowissenschaftlichen Forschung hergestellt. Auch wird die Wichtigkeit einer Unterscheidung zwischen Empathie und Empathismus berucksichtigt, wie sie von dem italienischen Psychoanalytiker Stefano Bolognini definiert worden ist, der eine aufschlußgebende komplementäre Gegenubertragung von Zuständen der Überidentifikation trennt. Zwei der intensiven Analyse eines zutiefst deprivierten spätadoleszenten Kindes mit Gewaltverhalten entnommene Stundenprotokolle werden mit dem Ziel vorgestellt, die Anwendung dieses Konzeptes zu illustrieren. Es wird dahingehend argumentiert, daß, bei gleicher Elaboration der Gegenubertragung und der adäquaten empathischen Haltung auf Seiten des Analytikers, der Unterschied im Resultat der Deutung auf die Spezifität der benutzten Worte zuruckzufuhren ist: im Falle dieser beiden Stunden der Gebrauch oder Nichtgebrauch des Personalpronomens. Da das Fallmaterial der klinischen Arbeit eines Supervisanden entnommen ist, werden zusätzlich einige die Supervisionssituation betreffende Elemente diskutiert. Lo scritto presenta un contributo di approfondimento e di riflessione su un tema che è più comunemente associato alla tradizione freudiana, segnatamente il ruolo della parola come azione, in particolare rapporto col processo rappresentativo e le sue radici somatiche. In questa luce verrà anche brevemente delineato il contributo della ricerca neuro-scientifica. L'articolo prende inoltre in esame l'importanza di differenziare l'Empatia dall'Empatismo, secondo quella che è la definizione proposta dallo psicoanalista italiano Stefano Bolognini, che distingue un controtransfert complementare funzionale dagli stati iper-concordanti. Allo scopo di illustrare questi concetti, vengono riportate due sedute prese dall'analisi intensiva di un paziente gravemente deprivato in tarda età di latenza, che mostra un comportamento violento. Si discute l'evidenza secondo cui, data un'analoga e adeguata elaborazione del controtransfert ed una corretta posizione empatica da parte dell'analista in entrambe le sedute, la differenza nell'efficacia dell'interpretazione è data dall'uso specifico delle parole - nel caso particolare l'uso o meno del pronome personale - in ciascuna seduta. Dal momento che il materiale clinico è tratto dal lavoro di un allievo, vengono anche discussi alcuni elementi particolari riguardanti la situazione di supervisione. СÑ,аÑ,ÑOEÑ ÑвлÑеÑ, Ñобой еÑ[per thousand]е один вклад в далÑOEнейÑ^ее ÑглÑбление Ð¿Ð¾Ð½Ð¸Ð¼Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ñ,емÑ<, обÑ<Ñ[double dagger]но аÑÑоÑ[dagger]ииÑ[euro]Ñемой Ñ Ñ,,Ñ[euro]ейдиÑÑ,Ñкой Ñ,Ñ[euro]адиÑ[dagger]ией, а именно: Ñ[euro]оли и Ñ,,ÑнкÑ[dagger]ии Ñлов как дейÑÑ,виÑ, в оÑобенноÑÑ,и по оÑ,ноÑ^ениÑZ к Ñ[euro]епÑ[euro]езенÑ,аÑ,Ð¸Ð²Ð½Ð¾Ð¼Ñ Ð¿Ñ[euro]оÑ[dagger]еÑÑÑ Ð¸ его ÑомаÑ,иÑ[double dagger]еÑким коÑ[euro]нÑм. Ð' ÑÑ,ой ÑвÑзи бÑдÑÑ, делаÑ,ÑOEÑÑ Ð½ÐµÐºÐ¾Ñ,оÑ[euro]Ñ<е ÑÑÑ<лки на невÑ[euro]ологиÑ[double dagger]еÑкие иÑÑледованиÑ. ÐsÑ[euro]оме Ñ,ого, в ÑÑ,аÑ,ÑOEе Ñ[euro]аÑÑмаÑ,Ñ[euro]иваеÑ,ÑÑ Ð·Ð½Ð°Ñ[double dagger]имоÑÑ,ÑOE Ñ[euro]азлиÑ[double dagger]ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ «ÑмпаÑ,ии» оÑ, «ÑмпаÑ,изма» (Ñ,акие опÑ[euro]ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð´Ð°Ð» иÑ,алÑOEÑнÑкий пÑиÑ...оаналиÑ,ик СÑ,еÑ,,ано Ð'олонÑOEини, пÑ[euro]оводивÑ^ий Ñ[euro]азлиÑ[double dagger]ие Ð¼ÐµÐ¶Ð´Ñ Ð¸Ð½Ñ,,оÑ[euro]маÑ,ивнÑ<м дополнÑÑZÑ[per thousand]им конÑ,Ñ[euro]пеÑ[euro]еноÑом и ÑоÑÑ,оÑниÑми ÑвеÑ[euro]Ñ...-ÑоглаÑованноÑÑ,и). ÐYÑ[euro]иводиÑ,ÑÑ Ð¼Ð°Ñ,еÑ[euro]иал двÑÑ... аналиÑ,иÑ[double dagger]еÑкиÑ... ÑеÑÑий из инÑ,енÑивного анализа глÑбоко депÑ[euro]ивиÑ[euro]ованного заÑ,оÑ[euro]моженного Ñ[euro]ебенка, демонÑÑ,Ñ[euro]иÑ[euro]ÑÑZÑ[per thousand]его агÑ[euro]еÑÑивное поведение; ÑÑ,оÑ, маÑ,еÑ[euro]иал иллÑZÑÑ,Ñ[euro]иÑ[euro]ÑеÑ, пÑ[euro]именение Ñ,акиÑ... конÑ[dagger]епÑ[dagger]ий на пÑ[euro]акÑ,ике. Ð"оказÑ<ваеÑ,ÑÑ, Ñ[double dagger]Ñ,о пÑ[euro]и Ñ,акой же Ñ[euro]азÑ[euro]абоÑ,анноÑÑ,и конÑ,Ñ[euro]пеÑ[euro]еноÑа и адекваÑ,ной ÑмпаÑ,иÑ[double dagger]еÑкой ÑÑÑ,ановки аналиÑ,ика Ñ[euro]азниÑ[dagger]а, полÑÑ[double dagger]ивÑ^аÑÑÑ Ð² Ñ[euro]езÑлÑOEÑ,аÑ,е Ñ[euro]азнÑ<Ñ... инÑ,еÑ[euro]пÑ[euro]еÑ,аÑ[dagger]ий, завиÑела оÑ, ÑпеÑ[dagger]иÑ,,ики пÑ[euro]именÑемÑ<Ñ... Ñлов: в данном ÑлÑÑ[double dagger]ае ÑÑ,о бÑ<ло иÑполÑOEзование или не иÑполÑOEзование лиÑ[double dagger]ного меÑÑ,оимениÑ. ÐYоÑколÑOEÐºÑ Ð¼Ð°Ñ,еÑ[euro]иал ÑлÑÑ[double dagger]Ð°Ñ Ð²Ð·ÑÑ, из клиниÑ[double dagger]еÑкой Ñ[euro]абоÑ,Ñ< ÑÑпеÑ[euro]визанÑ,а, некоÑ,оÑ[euro]Ñ<е ÑлеменÑ,Ñ< ÑиÑ,ÑаÑ[dagger]ии ÑÑпеÑ[euro]визии Ñ,акже обÑÑждаÑZÑ,ÑÑ Ð² ÑÑ,аÑ,ÑOEе. El trabajo brinda una contribución para avanzar en nuestra comprensión de un tema generalmente asociado más con la tradición Freudiana, a saber, el papel y la función de las palabras, como acción, en particular en relación con el proceso de representación y sus raíces somáticas. En este sentido se hace referencia a investigaciones en neurociencias. Se considera, asimismo, el valor de distigiuir empatía de Empathismo, de acuerdo con lo definido por el psicoanalista italiano Stefano Bolognini que diferencia un estado informativo de contratransferencia complementaria de los estados de sobre-concordancia. Se presentan dos sesiones tomadas del análisis exhaustivo de un niño en situación desventajosa de deprivación durante la latencia tardía que presenta comportamientos violentos, con el objetivo de ilustrar la aplicación de estos conceptos. Se argumenta que, dada la elaboración de la contratransferencia y la adecuada posición empática del analista, la diferencia en el resultado de la interpretación es debido a la especificidad de las palabras que se utilizan: en el caso de estas dos sesiones el uso o no del pronombre personal. Como el material es tomado del trabajo clínico de una persona en supervisión, en el trabajo se discuten algunos elementos relativos a la situación de supervisión. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] |
| Author | Bisagni, Francesco |
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| Keywords | personal pronoun words as action empathy and empathism interpretation supervisory situation |
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| References_xml | – reference: Zontini, G. (2011). 'Talking cure talking injury: riflessioni sui percorsi della parola'. Richard e Piggle, 19, I, 38-53. – reference: Bion, W. R. (1970). Attention and Interpretation. London: Heinemann. – reference: Bolognini, S. (1997). 'Empathy and empathism'. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 78, 279-93. – reference: Bolognini, S. (2009). 'The complex nature of psychoanalytic empathy: a theoretical and clinical exploration'. Fort Da, 15A, 35-56. – reference: Cambray, J. & Carter, L. eds. (2004). Analytical Psychology: Contemporary Perspectives in Jungian Analysis. Hove & New York: Brunner-Routledge. – reference: Neri, C. (2006). 'Leadership in small groups: syncretic sociality and the genius loci'. European Journal of Psychotherapy and Counselling, 8,1, 33-46. – reference: Schore, A. N. (2011). 'The right brain implicit Self lies at the core of psychoanalysis'. 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| Title | On the impact of words: interpretation, empathy and affect regulation |
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