Multi-objective optimization of a two-echelon vehicle routing problem with vehicle synchronization and ‘grey zone’ customers arising in urban logistics

•The ’grey zone’ improves the solution above all for clustered instances.•City layouts with the city center in the middle of the city profit most.•The population-based disturbance measure performs well.•The heuristic cuboid splitting can estimate the Pareto surface for 3 objectives.•The metaheuristi...

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Veröffentlicht in:	European journal of operational research Jg. 289; H. 3; S. 940 - 958
Hauptverfasser:	Anderluh, Alexandra, Nolz, Pamela C., Hemmelmayr, Vera C., Crainic, Teodor Gabriel
Format:	Journal Article
Sprache:	Englisch
Veröffentlicht:	Elsevier B.V 16.03.2021
Schlagworte:	City layout Grey zone Multiple objective programming Two-echelon VRP Vehicle synchronization Grey zone City layout Two-echelon VRP Vehicle synchronization Multiple objective programming
ISSN:	0377-2217, 1872-6860
Online-Zugang:	Volltext
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