Are clinically unimportant findings qualified as benign in lumbar spine imaging reports? A content analysis of plain X-ray, CT and MRI reports

Lumbar spine diagnostic imaging reports may cause patient and clinician concern when clinically unimportant findings are not explicitly described as benign. Our primary aim was to determine the frequency that common, benign findings are reported in lumbar spine plain X-ray, computed tomography (CT)...

Celý popis

Uloženo v:
Podrobná bibliografie
Vydáno v:PloS one Ročník 19; číslo 3; s. e0297911
Hlavní autoři: Farmer, Caitlin, Haas, Romi, Wallis, Jason, O’Connor, Denise, Buchbinder, Rachelle
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: United States Public Library of Science 13.03.2024
Témata:
ISSN:1932-6203, 1932-6203
On-line přístup:Získat plný text
Tagy: Přidat tag
Žádné tagy, Buďte první, kdo vytvoří štítek k tomuto záznamu!
Abstract Lumbar spine diagnostic imaging reports may cause patient and clinician concern when clinically unimportant findings are not explicitly described as benign. Our primary aim was to determine the frequency that common, benign findings are reported in lumbar spine plain X-ray, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reports as either normal for age or likely clinically unimportant. We obtained 600 random de-identified adult lumbar spine imaging reports (200 X-ray, 200 CT and 200 MRI) from a large radiology provider. Only reports requested for low back pain were included. From the report text, one author extracted each finding (e.g., 'broad-based posterior disc bulge') and whether it was present or absent (e.g., no disc bulge) until data saturation was reached, pre-defined as a minimum of 50 reports and no new/similar findings in the last ten reports within each imaging modality. Two authors independently judged whether each finding was likely clinically unimportant or important. For each likely clinicially unimportant finding they also determined if it had been explicitly reported to be benign (expressed as normal, normal for age, benign, clinically unimportant or non-significant). Data saturation was reached after coding 262 reports (80 X-ray, 82 CT, 100 MRI). Across all reports we extracted 3,598 findings. Nearly all reports included at least one clinically unimportant finding (76/80 (95%) X-ray, 80/82 (98%) CT, 99/100 (99%) MRI). Over half of the findings (n = 2,062, 57%; 272 X-Ray, 667 CT, 1123 MRI) were judged likely clinically unimportant. Most likely clinically unimportant findings (90%, n = 1,854) were reported to be present on imaging (rather than absent) and of those only 18% (n = 331) (89 (35%) X-ray, 93 (16%) CT and 149 (15%) MRI) were explicitly reported as benign. Lumbar spine imaging reports frequently include findings unlikely to be clinically important without explicitly qualifying that they are benign.
AbstractList Lumbar spine diagnostic imaging reports may cause patient and clinician concern when clinically unimportant findings are not explicitly described as benign. Our primary aim was to determine the frequency that common, benign findings are reported in lumbar spine plain X-ray, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reports as either normal for age or likely clinically unimportant. We obtained 600 random de-identified adult lumbar spine imaging reports (200 X-ray, 200 CT and 200 MRI) from a large radiology provider. Only reports requested for low back pain were included. From the report text, one author extracted each finding (e.g., 'broad-based posterior disc bulge') and whether it was present or absent (e.g., no disc bulge) until data saturation was reached, pre-defined as a minimum of 50 reports and no new/similar findings in the last ten reports within each imaging modality. Two authors independently judged whether each finding was likely clinically unimportant or important. For each likely clinicially unimportant finding they also determined if it had been explicitly reported to be benign (expressed as normal, normal for age, benign, clinically unimportant or non-significant). Data saturation was reached after coding 262 reports (80 X-ray, 82 CT, 100 MRI). Across all reports we extracted 3,598 findings. Nearly all reports included at least one clinically unimportant finding (76/80 (95%) X-ray, 80/82 (98%) CT, 99/100 (99%) MRI). Over half of the findings (n = 2,062, 57%; 272 X-Ray, 667 CT, 1123 MRI) were judged likely clinically unimportant. Most likely clinically unimportant findings (90%, n = 1,854) were reported to be present on imaging (rather than absent) and of those only 18% (n = 331) (89 (35%) X-ray, 93 (16%) CT and 149 (15%) MRI) were explicitly reported as benign. Lumbar spine imaging reports frequently include findings unlikely to be clinically important without explicitly qualifying that they are benign.
Lumbar spine diagnostic imaging reports may cause patient and clinician concern when clinically unimportant findings are not explicitly described as benign. Our primary aim was to determine the frequency that common, benign findings are reported in lumbar spine plain X-ray, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reports as either normal for age or likely clinically unimportant.BACKGROUNDLumbar spine diagnostic imaging reports may cause patient and clinician concern when clinically unimportant findings are not explicitly described as benign. Our primary aim was to determine the frequency that common, benign findings are reported in lumbar spine plain X-ray, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reports as either normal for age or likely clinically unimportant.We obtained 600 random de-identified adult lumbar spine imaging reports (200 X-ray, 200 CT and 200 MRI) from a large radiology provider. Only reports requested for low back pain were included. From the report text, one author extracted each finding (e.g., 'broad-based posterior disc bulge') and whether it was present or absent (e.g., no disc bulge) until data saturation was reached, pre-defined as a minimum of 50 reports and no new/similar findings in the last ten reports within each imaging modality. Two authors independently judged whether each finding was likely clinically unimportant or important. For each likely clinicially unimportant finding they also determined if it had been explicitly reported to be benign (expressed as normal, normal for age, benign, clinically unimportant or non-significant).METHODSWe obtained 600 random de-identified adult lumbar spine imaging reports (200 X-ray, 200 CT and 200 MRI) from a large radiology provider. Only reports requested for low back pain were included. From the report text, one author extracted each finding (e.g., 'broad-based posterior disc bulge') and whether it was present or absent (e.g., no disc bulge) until data saturation was reached, pre-defined as a minimum of 50 reports and no new/similar findings in the last ten reports within each imaging modality. Two authors independently judged whether each finding was likely clinically unimportant or important. For each likely clinicially unimportant finding they also determined if it had been explicitly reported to be benign (expressed as normal, normal for age, benign, clinically unimportant or non-significant).Data saturation was reached after coding 262 reports (80 X-ray, 82 CT, 100 MRI). Across all reports we extracted 3,598 findings. Nearly all reports included at least one clinically unimportant finding (76/80 (95%) X-ray, 80/82 (98%) CT, 99/100 (99%) MRI). Over half of the findings (n = 2,062, 57%; 272 X-Ray, 667 CT, 1123 MRI) were judged likely clinically unimportant. Most likely clinically unimportant findings (90%, n = 1,854) were reported to be present on imaging (rather than absent) and of those only 18% (n = 331) (89 (35%) X-ray, 93 (16%) CT and 149 (15%) MRI) were explicitly reported as benign.RESULTSData saturation was reached after coding 262 reports (80 X-ray, 82 CT, 100 MRI). Across all reports we extracted 3,598 findings. Nearly all reports included at least one clinically unimportant finding (76/80 (95%) X-ray, 80/82 (98%) CT, 99/100 (99%) MRI). Over half of the findings (n = 2,062, 57%; 272 X-Ray, 667 CT, 1123 MRI) were judged likely clinically unimportant. Most likely clinically unimportant findings (90%, n = 1,854) were reported to be present on imaging (rather than absent) and of those only 18% (n = 331) (89 (35%) X-ray, 93 (16%) CT and 149 (15%) MRI) were explicitly reported as benign.Lumbar spine imaging reports frequently include findings unlikely to be clinically important without explicitly qualifying that they are benign.CONCLUSIONLumbar spine imaging reports frequently include findings unlikely to be clinically important without explicitly qualifying that they are benign.
Author Farmer, Caitlin
Haas, Romi
O’Connor, Denise
Buchbinder, Rachelle
Wallis, Jason
AuthorAffiliation Musculoskeletal Health and Sustainable Healthcare Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
Makere University College of Health Sciences, UGANDA
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: Makere University College of Health Sciences, UGANDA
– name: Musculoskeletal Health and Sustainable Healthcare Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Caitlin
  orcidid: 0000-0001-6886-7784
  surname: Farmer
  fullname: Farmer, Caitlin
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Romi
  surname: Haas
  fullname: Haas, Romi
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Jason
  surname: Wallis
  fullname: Wallis, Jason
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Denise
  orcidid: 0000-0002-6836-122X
  surname: O’Connor
  fullname: O’Connor, Denise
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Rachelle
  surname: Buchbinder
  fullname: Buchbinder, Rachelle
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38478495$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
BookMark eNp9kV1rFDEYhYNU7If-A5FceuGsyeRjJt6UZbG1UBGkgnfhnUxmTckk02SmsH_C32yWbkv1wquEvOc57wnnFB2FGCxCbylZUdbQj7dxSQH8airPK1KrRlH6Ap1QxepK1oQdPbsfo9OcbwkRrJXyFTpmLW9arsQJ-r1OFhvvgjPg_Q4vwY1TTDOEGQ8u9C5sM75bwLvB2R5Dxp0NbhuwC9gvYwcJ58kFi90I2yLGye7xfI7X2MQw2-IDJeYuu4zjgCcPhfxZJdh9wJubMuvx1-9Xj9hr9HIAn-2bw3mGflx8vtl8qa6_XV5t1teV4UTNVScUH_rWggSu6p7LjhnODKVCKErANLJtQZF26HsBTWMJlcaKvu0ESCsFsDN0_uA7Ld1oe1NiJvB6SuUbaacjOP33JLhfehvvNSWKyVbw4vD-4JDi3WLzrEeXjfUego1L1rUSDZWcN6RI3z1f9rTlsYUi4A8Ck2LOyQ5PEkr0vmx9KFvvy9aHsgv26R_MuBlmF_eRnf8__AfYabfw
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1002_msc_70099
Cites_doi 10.1002/ejp.1981
10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.10715
10.1148/radiol.11110618
10.1093/pm/pnab065
10.1093/fampra/cmv097
10.1136/bmjebm-2019-POD.91
10.1016/j.crad.2014.03.004
10.1016/j.crad.2011.05.013
10.1016/S1076-6332(03)80089-2
10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181e089a9
10.3174/ajnr.A4173
10.1259/bjr/11719131
10.1080/02813430600973459
10.1016/j.crad.2022.02.011
10.1148/radiol.2017170722
10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049938
10.1097/BRS.0000000000004198
10.7717/peerj.4151
10.2214/AJR.16.16633
10.1080/08870440903194015
10.1186/s13244-020-00864-9
10.1016/j.crad.2020.08.003
10.1016/j.cct.2015.10.003
10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.15713
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright Copyright: © 2024 Farmer et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
2024 Farmer et al 2024 Farmer et al
Copyright_xml – notice: Copyright: © 2024 Farmer et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
– notice: 2024 Farmer et al 2024 Farmer et al
DBID AAYXX
CITATION
NPM
7X8
5PM
DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0297911
DatabaseName CrossRef
PubMed
MEDLINE - Academic
PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
PubMed
MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitleList PubMed
MEDLINE - Academic
Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: NPM
  name: PubMed
  url: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed
  sourceTypes: Index Database
– sequence: 2
  dbid: 7X8
  name: MEDLINE - Academic
  url: https://search.proquest.com/medline
  sourceTypes: Aggregation Database
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Sciences (General)
DocumentTitleAlternate Content analysis of lumbar spine imaging reports
EISSN 1932-6203
ExternalDocumentID PMC10936854
38478495
10_1371_journal_pone_0297911
Genre Journal Article
GrantInformation_xml – fundername: ;
  grantid: APP1194483
– fundername: ;
  grantid: APP1113532
GroupedDBID ---
123
29O
2WC
53G
5VS
7RV
7X2
7X7
7XC
88E
8AO
8C1
8CJ
8FE
8FG
8FH
8FI
8FJ
A8Z
AAFWJ
AAUCC
AAWOE
AAYXX
ABDBF
ABIVO
ABJCF
ABUWG
ACCTH
ACGFO
ACIHN
ACIWK
ACPRK
ACUHS
ADBBV
AEAQA
AENEX
AEUYN
AFFHD
AFKRA
AFPKN
AFRAH
AHMBA
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
AOIJS
APEBS
ARAPS
ATCPS
BAIFH
BAWUL
BBNVY
BBTPI
BCNDV
BENPR
BGLVJ
BHPHI
BKEYQ
BPHCQ
BVXVI
BWKFM
CCPQU
CITATION
CS3
D1I
D1J
D1K
DIK
DU5
E3Z
EAP
EAS
EBD
EMOBN
ESX
EX3
F5P
FPL
FYUFA
GROUPED_DOAJ
GX1
HCIFZ
HH5
HMCUK
HYE
IAO
IEA
IGS
IHR
IHW
INH
INR
IOV
IPY
ISE
ISR
ITC
K6-
KB.
KQ8
L6V
LK5
LK8
M0K
M1P
M48
M7P
M7R
M7S
M~E
NAPCQ
O5R
O5S
OK1
OVT
P2P
P62
PATMY
PDBOC
PHGZM
PHGZT
PIMPY
PJZUB
PPXIY
PQGLB
PQQKQ
PROAC
PSQYO
PTHSS
PV9
PYCSY
RNS
RPM
RZL
SV3
TR2
UKHRP
WOQ
WOW
~02
~KM
ADRAZ
ALIPV
BBORY
IPNFZ
NPM
RIG
7X8
ESTFP
PUEGO
5PM
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c409t-b594fd8ea6a492d46b3c43c1155910ac7688a908fdd5a77e016ce5d8b5a6e65a3
IEDL.DBID FPL
ISICitedReferencesCount 1
ISICitedReferencesURI http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=001192163800038&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
ISSN 1932-6203
IngestDate Tue Nov 04 02:06:21 EST 2025
Mon Sep 08 04:50:21 EDT 2025
Thu Apr 03 07:03:43 EDT 2025
Sat Nov 29 05:45:35 EST 2025
Tue Nov 18 21:39:37 EST 2025
IsDoiOpenAccess true
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 3
Language English
License Copyright: © 2024 Farmer et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c409t-b594fd8ea6a492d46b3c43c1155910ac7688a908fdd5a77e016ce5d8b5a6e65a3
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 23
Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
ORCID 0000-0001-6886-7784
0000-0002-6836-122X
OpenAccessLink http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0297911
PMID 38478495
PQID 2957164470
PQPubID 23479
ParticipantIDs pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_10936854
proquest_miscellaneous_2957164470
pubmed_primary_38478495
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0297911
crossref_citationtrail_10_1371_journal_pone_0297911
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2024-03-13
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2024-03-13
PublicationDate_xml – month: 03
  year: 2024
  text: 2024-03-13
  day: 13
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationPlace United States
PublicationPlace_xml – name: United States
– name: San Francisco, CA USA
PublicationTitle PloS one
PublicationTitleAlternate PLoS One
PublicationYear 2024
Publisher Public Library of Science
Publisher_xml – name: Public Library of Science
References S Rajasekaran (pone.0297911.ref006) 2021
TJ Sloan (pone.0297911.ref018) 2010; 35
JG Jarvik (pone.0297911.ref025) 2015; 45
JG Jarvik (pone.0297911.ref027) 2020; 3
C Farmer (pone.0297911.ref030) 2022; 77
A Wallis (pone.0297911.ref014) 2011; 66
AB Rosenkrantz (pone.0297911.ref016) 2017; 208
EI de Schepper (pone.0297911.ref003) 2016; 33
JG Fried (pone.0297911.ref007) 2018; 287
CI Farmer (pone.0297911.ref010) 2020; 11
M O’Keeffe (pone.0297911.ref023) 2022; 26
JJ Francis (pone.0297911.ref021) 2010; 25
S Audi (pone.0297911.ref019) 2021; 76
pone.0297911.ref020
ZA Marcum (pone.0297911.ref029) 2021
AB Rosenkrantz (pone.0297911.ref015) 2014; 69
P Suri (pone.0297911.ref028) 2021; 22
BJ McCullough (pone.0297911.ref008) 2012; 262
L Chen (pone.0297911.ref005) 2021; 4
R Kasch (pone.0297911.ref004) 2022; 47
A Espeland (pone.0297911.ref024) 2007; 25
P Thompson (pone.0297911.ref002) 2007; 80
DF Fardon (pone.0297911.ref026) 2014; 39
pone.0297911.ref011
W Brinjikji (pone.0297911.ref001) 2015; 36
pone.0297911.ref012
C Farmer (pone.0297911.ref009) 2021; 11
EL Karran (pone.0297911.ref017) 2017; 5
pone.0297911.ref013
R Khorasani (pone.0297911.ref022) 2003; 10
References_xml – volume: 26
  start-page: 1532
  issue: 7
  year: 2022
  ident: pone.0297911.ref023
  article-title: Effect of diagnostic labelling on management intentions for non-specific low back pain: A randomized scenario-based experiment
  publication-title: Eur J Pain
  doi: 10.1002/ejp.1981
– volume: 4
  start-page: e2110715
  issue: 5
  year: 2021
  ident: pone.0297911.ref005
  article-title: Association of Lumbar Spine Radiographic Changes With Severity of Back Pain-Related Disability Among Middle-aged, Community-Dwelling Women
  publication-title: JAMA Netw Open
  doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.10715
– volume: 262
  start-page: 941
  issue: 3
  year: 2012
  ident: pone.0297911.ref008
  article-title: Lumbar MR imaging and reporting epidemiology: do epidemiologic data in reports affect clinical management?
  publication-title: Radiology
  doi: 10.1148/radiol.11110618
– volume: 22
  start-page: 1272
  issue: 6
  year: 2021
  ident: pone.0297911.ref028
  article-title: Providing Epidemiological Data in Lumbar Spine Imaging Reports Did Not Affect Subsequent Utilization of Spine Procedures: Secondary Outcomes from a Stepped-Wedge Randomized Controlled Trial
  publication-title: Pain Med
  doi: 10.1093/pm/pnab065
– year: 2021
  ident: pone.0297911.ref006
  article-title: The catastrophization effects of an MRI report on the patient and surgeon and the benefits of ’clinical reporting’: results from an RCT and blinded trials
  publication-title: Eur Spine J
– volume: 33
  start-page: 51
  issue: 1
  year: 2016
  ident: pone.0297911.ref003
  article-title: Prevalence of spinal pathology in patients presenting for lumbar MRI as referred from general practice
  publication-title: Fam Pract
  doi: 10.1093/fampra/cmv097
– ident: pone.0297911.ref011
– ident: pone.0297911.ref020
  doi: 10.1136/bmjebm-2019-POD.91
– ident: pone.0297911.ref013
– volume: 69
  start-page: 745
  issue: 7
  year: 2014
  ident: pone.0297911.ref015
  article-title: How "consistent" is "consistent"? A clinician-based assessment of the reliability of expressions used by radiologists to communicate diagnostic confidence
  publication-title: Clinical Radiology
  doi: 10.1016/j.crad.2014.03.004
– volume: 66
  start-page: 1015
  issue: 11
  year: 2011
  ident: pone.0297911.ref014
  article-title: The radiology report—are we getting the message across?
  publication-title: Clin Radiol
  doi: 10.1016/j.crad.2011.05.013
– volume: 10
  start-page: 685
  issue: 6
  year: 2003
  ident: pone.0297911.ref022
  article-title: Is Terminology Used Effectively to Convey Diagnostic Certainty in Radiology Reports?
  publication-title: Academic Radiology
  doi: 10.1016/S1076-6332(03)80089-2
– volume: 39
  start-page: E1448
  issue: 24
  year: 2014
  ident: pone.0297911.ref026
  article-title: Lumbar disc nomenclature: version 2.0: recommendations of the combined task forces of the North American Spine Society, the American Society of Spine Radiology, and the American Society of Neuroradiology
  publication-title: Spine (Phila Pa 1976)
– volume: 35
  start-page: E1120
  issue: 21
  year: 2010
  ident: pone.0297911.ref018
  article-title: Explanatory and diagnostic labels and perceived prognosis in chronic low back pain
  publication-title: Spine (Phila Pa 1976)
  doi: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181e089a9
– volume: 36
  start-page: 811
  issue: 4
  year: 2015
  ident: pone.0297911.ref001
  article-title: Systematic literature review of imaging features of spinal degeneration in asymptomatic populations
  publication-title: AJNR Am J Neuroradiol
  doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A4173
– volume: 80
  start-page: 866
  issue: 959
  year: 2007
  ident: pone.0297911.ref002
  article-title: Content analysis of general practitioner-requested lumbar spine X-ray reports
  publication-title: Br J Radiol
  doi: 10.1259/bjr/11719131
– volume: 25
  start-page: 15
  issue: 1
  year: 2007
  ident: pone.0297911.ref024
  article-title: General practitioners’ views on radiology reports of plain radiography for back pain
  publication-title: Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care
  doi: 10.1080/02813430600973459
– volume: 77
  start-page: 428
  issue: 6
  year: 2022
  ident: pone.0297911.ref030
  article-title: Can modifications to how medical imaging findings are reported improve quality of care? A systematic review
  publication-title: Clin Radiol
  doi: 10.1016/j.crad.2022.02.011
– volume: 287
  start-page: 563
  issue: 2
  year: 2018
  ident: pone.0297911.ref007
  article-title: Changes in Primary Care Health Care Utilization after Inclusion of Epidemiologic Data in Lumbar Spine MR Imaging Reports for Uncomplicated Low Back Pain
  publication-title: Radiology
  doi: 10.1148/radiol.2017170722
– volume: 11
  start-page: e049938
  issue: 9
  year: 2021
  ident: pone.0297911.ref009
  article-title: Consumer understanding of terms used in imaging reports requested for low back pain: a cross-sectional survey
  publication-title: BMJ Open
  doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049938
– volume: 47
  start-page: 201
  issue: 3
  year: 2022
  ident: pone.0297911.ref004
  article-title: Association of Lumbar MRI Findings with Current and Future Back Pain in a Population-based Cohort Study
  publication-title: Spine
  doi: 10.1097/BRS.0000000000004198
– volume: 5
  start-page: e4151
  year: 2017
  ident: pone.0297911.ref017
  article-title: The impact of choosing words carefully: an online investigation into imaging reporting strategies and best practice care for low back pain
  publication-title: PeerJ
  doi: 10.7717/peerj.4151
– year: 2021
  ident: pone.0297911.ref029
  article-title: Effects of Including Epidemiologic Data in Lumbar Spine Imaging Reports on Prescribing Non-Opioid Medications for Pain
  publication-title: Journal of General Internal Medicine
– ident: pone.0297911.ref012
– volume: 208
  start-page: 140
  issue: 1
  year: 2017
  ident: pone.0297911.ref016
  article-title: Differences in Perceptions Among Radiologists, Referring Physicians, and Patients Regarding Language for Incidental Findings Reporting
  publication-title: AJR Am J Roentgenol
  doi: 10.2214/AJR.16.16633
– volume: 25
  start-page: 1229
  issue: 10
  year: 2010
  ident: pone.0297911.ref021
  article-title: What is an adequate sample size? Operationalising data saturation for theory-based interview studies
  publication-title: Psychology & Health
  doi: 10.1080/08870440903194015
– volume: 11
  start-page: 62
  issue: 1
  year: 2020
  ident: pone.0297911.ref010
  article-title: Enhancing clinician and patient understanding of radiology reports: a scoping review of international guidelines
  publication-title: Insights into Imaging
  doi: 10.1186/s13244-020-00864-9
– volume: 76
  start-page: 84
  issue: 2
  year: 2021
  ident: pone.0297911.ref019
  article-title: Behind the hedges: how to convey uncertainty in imaging reports
  publication-title: Clin Radiol
  doi: 10.1016/j.crad.2020.08.003
– volume: 45
  start-page: 157
  issue: Pt B
  year: 2015
  ident: pone.0297911.ref025
  article-title: Lumbar Imaging With Reporting Of Epidemiology (LIRE)—Protocol for a pragmatic cluster randomized trial
  publication-title: Contemp Clin Trials
  doi: 10.1016/j.cct.2015.10.003
– volume: 3
  start-page: e2015713
  issue: 9
  year: 2020
  ident: pone.0297911.ref027
  article-title: The Effect of Including Benchmark Prevalence Data of Common Imaging Findings in Spine Image Reports on Health Care Utilization Among Adults Undergoing Spine Imaging: A Stepped-Wedge Randomized Clinical Trial
  publication-title: JAMA Network Open
  doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.15713
SSID ssj0053866
Score 2.450271
Snippet Lumbar spine diagnostic imaging reports may cause patient and clinician concern when clinically unimportant findings are not explicitly described as benign....
SourceID pubmedcentral
proquest
pubmed
crossref
SourceType Open Access Repository
Aggregation Database
Index Database
Enrichment Source
StartPage e0297911
SubjectTerms Biology and Life Sciences
Medicine and Health Sciences
People and Places
Research and Analysis Methods
Title Are clinically unimportant findings qualified as benign in lumbar spine imaging reports? A content analysis of plain X-ray, CT and MRI reports
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38478495
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2957164470
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC10936854
Volume 19
WOSCitedRecordID wos001192163800038&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
journalDatabaseRights – providerCode: PRVAON
  databaseName: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1932-6203
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0053866
  issn: 1932-6203
  databaseCode: DOA
  dateStart: 20060101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://www.doaj.org/
  providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals
– providerCode: PRVHPJ
  databaseName: ROAD: Directory of Open Access Scholarly Resources
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1932-6203
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0053866
  issn: 1932-6203
  databaseCode: M~E
  dateStart: 20060101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://road.issn.org
  providerName: ISSN International Centre
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database (ProQuest)
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1932-6203
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0053866
  issn: 1932-6203
  databaseCode: P5Z
  dateStart: 20061201
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/hightechjournals
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: Agricultural Science Database
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1932-6203
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0053866
  issn: 1932-6203
  databaseCode: M0K
  dateStart: 20061201
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/agriculturejournals
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: AUTh Library subscriptions: ProQuest Central
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1932-6203
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0053866
  issn: 1932-6203
  databaseCode: BENPR
  dateStart: 20061201
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://www.proquest.com/central
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: Biological Science Database
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1932-6203
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0053866
  issn: 1932-6203
  databaseCode: M7P
  dateStart: 20061201
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com/biologicalscijournals
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: Engineering Database (subscription)
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1932-6203
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0053866
  issn: 1932-6203
  databaseCode: M7S
  dateStart: 20061201
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: Environmental Science Database (ProQuest)
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1932-6203
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0053866
  issn: 1932-6203
  databaseCode: PATMY
  dateStart: 20061201
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com/environmentalscience
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: Health & Medical Collection
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1932-6203
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0053866
  issn: 1932-6203
  databaseCode: 7X7
  dateStart: 20061201
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/healthcomplete
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: Materials Science Database
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1932-6203
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0053866
  issn: 1932-6203
  databaseCode: KB.
  dateStart: 20061201
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com/materialsscijournals
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: Nursing & Allied Health Database
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1932-6203
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0053866
  issn: 1932-6203
  databaseCode: 7RV
  dateStart: 20061201
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/nahs
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: Public Health Database
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1932-6203
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0053866
  issn: 1932-6203
  databaseCode: 8C1
  dateStart: 20061201
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/publichealth
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: Publicly Available Content Database
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1932-6203
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0053866
  issn: 1932-6203
  databaseCode: PIMPY
  dateStart: 20061201
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com/publiccontent
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVATS
  databaseName: Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1932-6203
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0053866
  issn: 1932-6203
  databaseCode: FPL
  dateStart: 20060101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: http://www.plos.org/publications/
  providerName: Public Library of Science
link http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV3db9MwELdg8MALY3x2QHVIPIBEunzbeUJdtYlpaxWVMRVeIttxRqTOrZIWaf8EfzNnJyl0CKFJ0b3EtpzLnf07n_0zIW-pF-YBZcrxA-E6YRwLh4dCODFNVOHKnEd2TffijE4mbDZL0t-B4o0MfkC9g1ang-VCq4G5ailpjvLiRGtYHdOzbuBF17WpSQNJnNh3g_ak3L8a2Z6J_oKXN3dJ_jHtHO_etsOPyMMWYMKwsYg9ckfpx2SvdeEa3rU80--fkJ_DSkF3MnJ-DWtdXlk0rldgU9n6sgZ76LJAnAq8BqF0eamh1IBDmuAV1EsEqVBe2auOoM0_fIQhmB3w-EHAW84TWBSwnHOsOXMqfv0BRuf4Lofx9KSr9pR8OT46H31y2usZHIlB4coRURIWOVM85mHi52EsAhkG0jOJTs_lEgMZxhOXFXkecUoVgkupopyJiMcqjnjwjOxo1NELApSKJHKl4kokGEExIYR0aU5FjA9irh4Jul-VyZa73FyhMc9sQo5iDNNoNzNKz1ql94izqbVsuDv-U_5NZwUZOpnJnHCtFus685PIxJUhdXvkeWMVmxYDnN8Zhpk9wrbsZVPAEHhvv9Hld0vkbai8YhaF-7fs6EvywEdsZbbCecErsrOq1uo1uS9_rMq66pO7dHph5IxayVCykdcn9w6PJum0b5cd-tZ1UJ4eDlCO3VMjaWrlZ5Rp9A1rpCfj9OsvbyIdsA
linkProvider Public Library of Science
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Are+clinically+unimportant+findings+qualified+as+benign+in+lumbar+spine+imaging+reports%3F+A+content+analysis+of+plain+X-ray%2C+CT+and+MRI+reports&rft.jtitle=PloS+one&rft.au=Farmer%2C+Caitlin&rft.au=Haas%2C+Romi&rft.au=Wallis%2C+Jason&rft.au=O%27Connor%2C+Denise&rft.date=2024-03-13&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=e0297911&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0297911&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F38478495&rft.externalDocID=38478495
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1932-6203&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1932-6203&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1932-6203&client=summon