The Shared and Distinct Mechanisms Underlying Fear of Evaluation in Social Anxiety: The Roles of Negative and Positive Evaluation

Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is associated with persistent fear of negative evaluation (FNE) and fear of positive evaluation (FPE), which play critical roles in the development and maintenance of anxiety symptoms. However, it remains unclear how FNE and FPE contribute to the common and different sy...

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Vydané v:	Depression and anxiety Ročník 2025; číslo 1; s. 9559056
Hlavní autori:	Gao, Wei, Li, Yanping, Yuan, JiaJin, He, Qinghua
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	English
Vydavateľské údaje:	United States John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01.01.2025 Wiley
Predmet:	Anxiety disorders Avoidance behavior Behavior Competition Drug abuse Eating disorders Emotions Fear Fear - physiology Fear - psychology Feedback Hedonic response Humans Phobia, Social - physiopathology Phobia, Social - psychology Review Social anxiety Social exclusion Threats Upward mobility emotion social pain social anxiety motivation fear
ISSN:	1091-4269, 1520-6394, 1520-6394
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Abstract	Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is associated with persistent fear of negative evaluation (FNE) and fear of positive evaluation (FPE), which play critical roles in the development and maintenance of anxiety symptoms. However, it remains unclear how FNE and FPE contribute to the common and different symptoms of social anxiety. In this review, we tried to elucidate the shared and distinct mechanisms underlying fear of evaluation and clarify the impact of FNE and FPE on social anxiety by integrating the theories, external expressions, and internal mechanisms. First, FNE and FPE share evolutionary functions but have distinct motivations for maintaining social role stability. Second, FNE and FPE share similar emotions and avoidance behaviors but contribute to distinct comorbid symptoms in SAD, including eating disorders and alcohol abuse. Third, FNE and FPE share emotional and social pain circuits but have different dysfunctions in the prefrontal, cingulate, and reward brain regions, which are associated with rejection sensitivity and anhedonia features. Overall, this review sheds light on the cognitive and neural mechanisms of SAD based on fear of evaluation, highlighting both the shared and distinctive aspects of FNE and FPE. These insights have important implications for the development of effective interventions for social anxiety.
AbstractList	Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is associated with persistent fear of negative evaluation (FNE) and fear of positive evaluation (FPE), which play critical roles in the development and maintenance of anxiety symptoms. However, it remains unclear how FNE and FPE contribute to the common and different symptoms of social anxiety. In this review, we tried to elucidate the shared and distinct mechanisms underlying fear of evaluation and clarify the impact of FNE and FPE on social anxiety by integrating the theories, external expressions, and internal mechanisms. First, FNE and FPE share evolutionary functions but have distinct motivations for maintaining social role stability. Second, FNE and FPE share similar emotions and avoidance behaviors but contribute to distinct comorbid symptoms in SAD, including eating disorders and alcohol abuse. Third, FNE and FPE share emotional and social pain circuits but have different dysfunctions in the prefrontal, cingulate, and reward brain regions, which are associated with rejection sensitivity and anhedonia features. Overall, this review sheds light on the cognitive and neural mechanisms of SAD based on fear of evaluation, highlighting both the shared and distinctive aspects of FNE and FPE. These insights have important implications for the development of effective interventions for social anxiety. Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is associated with persistent fear of negative evaluation (FNE) and fear of positive evaluation (FPE), which play critical roles in the development and maintenance of anxiety symptoms. However, it remains unclear how FNE and FPE contribute to the common and different symptoms of social anxiety. In this review, we tried to elucidate the shared and distinct mechanisms underlying fear of evaluation and clarify the impact of FNE and FPE on social anxiety by integrating the theories, external expressions, and internal mechanisms. First, FNE and FPE share evolutionary functions but have distinct motivations for maintaining social role stability. Second, FNE and FPE share similar emotions and avoidance behaviors but contribute to distinct comorbid symptoms in SAD, including eating disorders and alcohol abuse. Third, FNE and FPE share emotional and social pain circuits but have different dysfunctions in the prefrontal, cingulate, and reward brain regions, which are associated with rejection sensitivity and anhedonia features. Overall, this review sheds light on the cognitive and neural mechanisms of SAD based on fear of evaluation, highlighting both the shared and distinctive aspects of FNE and FPE. These insights have important implications for the development of effective interventions for social anxiety.Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is associated with persistent fear of negative evaluation (FNE) and fear of positive evaluation (FPE), which play critical roles in the development and maintenance of anxiety symptoms. However, it remains unclear how FNE and FPE contribute to the common and different symptoms of social anxiety. In this review, we tried to elucidate the shared and distinct mechanisms underlying fear of evaluation and clarify the impact of FNE and FPE on social anxiety by integrating the theories, external expressions, and internal mechanisms. First, FNE and FPE share evolutionary functions but have distinct motivations for maintaining social role stability. Second, FNE and FPE share similar emotions and avoidance behaviors but contribute to distinct comorbid symptoms in SAD, including eating disorders and alcohol abuse. Third, FNE and FPE share emotional and social pain circuits but have different dysfunctions in the prefrontal, cingulate, and reward brain regions, which are associated with rejection sensitivity and anhedonia features. Overall, this review sheds light on the cognitive and neural mechanisms of SAD based on fear of evaluation, highlighting both the shared and distinctive aspects of FNE and FPE. These insights have important implications for the development of effective interventions for social anxiety.
Author	Yuan, JiaJin He, Qinghua Gao, Wei Li, Yanping
AuthorAffiliation	3 Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China 2 Sichuan Key Laboratory of Psychology and Behavior of Discipline Inspection and Supervision, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China 1 Institute of Brain and Psychological Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
AuthorAffiliation_xml	– name: 3 Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China – name: 1 Institute of Brain and Psychological Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China – name: 2 Sichuan Key Laboratory of Psychology and Behavior of Discipline Inspection and Supervision, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
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Copyright	Copyright © 2025 Wei Gao et al. Depression and Anxiety published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 2025. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the "License"). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. Copyright © 2025 Wei Gao et al. Depression and Anxiety published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 2025
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Keywords	emotion social pain social anxiety motivation fear
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Snippet	Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is associated with persistent fear of negative evaluation (FNE) and fear of positive evaluation (FPE), which play critical roles...
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SubjectTerms	Anxiety disorders Avoidance behavior Behavior Competition Drug abuse Eating disorders Emotions Fear Fear - physiology Fear - psychology Feedback Hedonic response Humans Phobia, Social - physiopathology Phobia, Social - psychology Review Social anxiety Social exclusion Threats Upward mobility
Title	The Shared and Distinct Mechanisms Underlying Fear of Evaluation in Social Anxiety: The Roles of Negative and Positive Evaluation
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