A New Hybrid Routing Protocol Using a Modified K-Means Clustering Algorithm and Continuous Hopfield Network for VANET

Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANET) offer several user applications for passengers and drivers, as well as security and internet access applications. To ensure efficient data transmission between vehicles, a reliable routing protocol is considered a significant challenge. This paper suggests a new clu...

Full description

Saved in:

Bibliographic Details
Published in:	IEEE access Vol. 9; pp. 47169 - 47183
Main Authors:	Kandali, Khalid, Bennis, Lamyae, Bennis, Hamid
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Piscataway IEEE 2021 The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subjects:	Algorithms Cluster analysis Clustering Clustering algorithms Clustering methods continuous hopfield network Data transmission k-means maximum stable set problem Mobile ad hoc networks Parameters Quality of service Reliability Reliability analysis Routing Routing (telecommunications) routing protocol Routing protocols Traffic congestion VANET Vector quantization Vehicular ad hoc networks Weighting functions
ISSN:	2169-3536, 2169-3536
Online Access:	Get full text
Tags:	Add Tag No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!

Abstract	Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANET) offer several user applications for passengers and drivers, as well as security and internet access applications. To ensure efficient data transmission between vehicles, a reliable routing protocol is considered a significant challenge. This paper suggests a new clustering-based routing protocol combining a modified K-Means algorithm with Continuous Hopfield Network and Maximum Stable Set Problem (KMRP) for VANET. In this way, the basic input parameters of the K-Means algorithm, such as the number of clusters and the initial cluster heads, will not be selected randomly, but using Maximum Stable Set Problem and Continuous Hopfield Network. Then the assignment of vehicles to clusters will be carried out according to Link Reliability Model as a metric that replaces the distance parameter in the K-Means algorithm. Finally, the cluster head is selected by weight function according to the amount of free buffer space, the speed, and the node degree. The simulation results have proved that the designed protocol performs better in a highway vehicular environment, compared to the most recent schemes designed for the same objective. In fact, KMRP reduces traffic congestion, and thus provides a significant increase in Throughput. In addition, KMRP decreases the transmission delay and guarantees the stability of the clusters in high density and mobility, which acts better in terms of the Packet Delivery Ratio.
AbstractList	Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANET) offer several user applications for passengers and drivers, as well as security and internet access applications. To ensure efficient data transmission between vehicles, a reliable routing protocol is considered a significant challenge. This paper suggests a new clustering-based routing protocol combining a modified K-Means algorithm with Continuous Hopfield Network and Maximum Stable Set Problem (KMRP) for VANET. In this way, the basic input parameters of the K-Means algorithm, such as the number of clusters and the initial cluster heads, will not be selected randomly, but using Maximum Stable Set Problem and Continuous Hopfield Network. Then the assignment of vehicles to clusters will be carried out according to Link Reliability Model as a metric that replaces the distance parameter in the K-Means algorithm. Finally, the cluster head is selected by weight function according to the amount of free buffer space, the speed, and the node degree. The simulation results have proved that the designed protocol performs better in a highway vehicular environment, compared to the most recent schemes designed for the same objective. In fact, KMRP reduces traffic congestion, and thus provides a significant increase in Throughput. In addition, KMRP decreases the transmission delay and guarantees the stability of the clusters in high density and mobility, which acts better in terms of the Packet Delivery Ratio.
Author	Kandali, Khalid Bennis, Hamid Bennis, Lamyae
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Khalid orcidid: 0000-0003-4266-6671 surname: Kandali fullname: Kandali, Khalid email: kandali.khalid@gmail.com organization: IMAGE Laboratory, SCIAM Team, Graduate School of Technology, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes, Morocco – sequence: 2 givenname: Lamyae surname: Bennis fullname: Bennis, Lamyae organization: Faculty of Sciences of Meknes, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes, Morocco – sequence: 3 givenname: Hamid surname: Bennis fullname: Bennis, Hamid organization: IMAGE Laboratory, SCIAM Team, Graduate School of Technology, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes, Morocco
BookMark	eNp9kVFv1SAUxxszE-fcJ9gLic-9UmgpPDbN1bu4TeM2XwmFw5VrV65As-zbS-00xgd5gMPh_P7nhP_r4mTyExTFRYU3VYXFu67vt7e3G4JJtaGYcdzWL4pTUjFR0oayk7_iV8V5jAecF8-ppj0t5g7dwCPaPQ3BGfTFz8lNe_Q5-OS1H9F9XK4KXXvjrAODPpbXoKaI-nGOCcLy2o17H1z69oDUZFDvpywx-zminT9mZjS5Q3r04TuyPqCv3c327k3x0qoxwvnzeVbcv9_e9bvy6tOHy767KnWNeSqtFo221JBGtKapLWjcCqMqbonChGJolaiIhWEYDG044wOmQjPItYorS-lZcbnqGq8O8hjcgwpP0isnfyV82EsVktMjSK0bBZoZwBzXeRe2bnIzIJgxzAjPWm9XrWPwP2aISR78HKY8viQNFrhlnC4dxVqlg48xgJXaJZVc_pWg3CgrLBfT5GqaXEyTz6Zllv7D_p74_9TFSjkA-EMIyokQLf0J1_Ck7w
CODEN	IAECCG
CitedBy_id	crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2022_3190964 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11276_023_03627_8 crossref_primary_10_32604_cmc_2024_054799 crossref_primary_10_32604_cmc_2023_043580 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_adhoc_2023_103298 crossref_primary_10_32604_cmes_2023_031265 crossref_primary_10_3390_s23239506 crossref_primary_10_3390_math10244720 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11036_023_02274_9 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jksuci_2023_101867 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_comnet_2023_109960 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_vehcom_2022_100569 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_adhoc_2021_102757 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_dcan_2025_07_001 crossref_primary_10_3390_s22093448 crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2023_3336592 crossref_primary_10_1007_s40815_022_01408_7 crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2023_3244327 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11277_024_11245_6 crossref_primary_10_1029_2024RS008165 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_measen_2023_100745 crossref_primary_10_3390_app13106028 crossref_primary_10_1155_2022_1606317 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12243_021_00881_9 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11235_024_01194_7 crossref_primary_10_3390_pr9122171 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10586_022_03579_2 crossref_primary_10_1109_TMC_2023_3319544 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_vehcom_2023_100660 crossref_primary_10_1007_s42979_022_01508_z crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2022_3199689 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11760_024_03297_9 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11235_024_01243_1 crossref_primary_10_3390_app122110748 crossref_primary_10_3390_a16080381 crossref_primary_10_32604_cmc_2023_031962 crossref_primary_10_3390_electronics11193071 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13677_023_00428_4 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jnca_2025_104237 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_adhoc_2023_103381 crossref_primary_10_3390_electronics11244163 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11276_025_03896_5 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10922_024_09821_z crossref_primary_10_1080_1206212X_2024_2380653 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11042_024_18161_8 crossref_primary_10_3390_app13137488 crossref_primary_10_1002_dac_6125 crossref_primary_10_3390_designs6050089 crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2022_3152767 crossref_primary_10_1109_JSEN_2022_3152808 crossref_primary_10_32604_cmc_2024_047608
Cites_doi	10.1016/j.neunet.2005.10.008 10.4108/eai.24-4-2019.2284084 10.3390/s16040478 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3023642 10.1002/dac.3704 10.1186/1687-1499-2012-15 10.1007/s10586-017-1347-9 10.1007/s11276-018-1756-6 10.1109/CIDM.2011.5949424 10.1016/j.jnca.2013.09.008 10.1016/j.adhoc.2013.10.005 10.1007/s10586-017-0883-7 10.1007/s11276-018-1835-8 10.1109/MoWNet.2016.7496597 10.1007/s11277-016-3900-x 10.1007/s11036-020-01624-1 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2987968 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2958743 10.1007/978-3-030-33103-0_1 10.1007/s11276-019-01997-6 10.3390/s18072022 10.1007/978-3-030-11928-7_8 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3006040 10.1016/j.vehcom.2018.02.004 10.1109/TVT.2007.912161 10.1007/s11227-018-2283-z 10.1016/j.procs.2018.01.093 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2985839 10.1080/00207169608804522 10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2868118 10.1002/dac.3995 10.1016/j.comcom.2019.11.023 10.1016/j.cor.2004.02.008 10.1016/j.vehcom.2018.05.002 10.1007/978-3-319-74439-1_10 10.5120/13713-1472 10.1016/j.comcom.2012.08.013 10.1504/IJAHUC.2011.037853 10.1109/ISCIT.2014.7011907 10.1007/s11235-016-0219-6
ContentType	Journal Article
Copyright	Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) 2021
Copyright_xml	– notice: Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) 2021
DBID	97E ESBDL RIA RIE AAYXX CITATION 7SC 7SP 7SR 8BQ 8FD JG9 JQ2 L7M L~C L~D DOA
DOI	10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3068074
DatabaseName	IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 2005–Present IEEE Xplore Open Access (Activated by CARLI) IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 1998–Present IEEE Electronic Library (IEL) CrossRef Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Electronics & Communications Abstracts Engineered Materials Abstracts METADEX Technology Research Database Materials Research Database ProQuest Computer Science Collection Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Academic Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Professional DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
DatabaseTitle	CrossRef Materials Research Database Engineered Materials Abstracts Technology Research Database Computer and Information Systems Abstracts – Academic Electronics & Communications Abstracts ProQuest Computer Science Collection Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace METADEX Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Professional
DatabaseTitleList	Materials Research Database
Database_xml	– sequence: 1 dbid: DOA name: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals url: https://www.doaj.org/ sourceTypes: Open Website – sequence: 2 dbid: RIE name: IEEE Electronic Library (IEL) url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ sourceTypes: Publisher
DeliveryMethod	fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline	Engineering
EISSN	2169-3536
EndPage	47183
ExternalDocumentID	oai_doaj_org_article_cc5aec6de0804de09f4579de20660628 10_1109_ACCESS_2021_3068074 9382997
Genre	orig-research
GroupedDBID	0R~ 4.4 5VS 6IK 97E AAJGR ABAZT ABVLG ACGFS ADBBV AGSQL ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS BCNDV BEFXN BFFAM BGNUA BKEBE BPEOZ EBS EJD ESBDL GROUPED_DOAJ IPLJI JAVBF KQ8 M43 M~E O9- OCL OK1 RIA RIE RNS AAYXX CITATION 7SC 7SP 7SR 8BQ 8FD JG9 JQ2 L7M L~C L~D
ID	FETCH-LOGICAL-c408t-fc95cf3d2597d54fec079da18f2a0230e7a912febbbd35868b039c6ed54a8af33
IEDL.DBID	RIE
ISICitedReferencesCount	56
ISICitedReferencesURI	http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=000637168600001&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
ISSN	2169-3536
IngestDate	Fri Oct 03 12:50:53 EDT 2025 Mon Jun 30 04:36:50 EDT 2025 Tue Nov 18 22:26:30 EST 2025 Sat Nov 29 06:12:05 EST 2025 Wed Aug 27 02:45:33 EDT 2025
IsDoiOpenAccess	true
IsOpenAccess	true
IsPeerReviewed	true
IsScholarly	true
Language	English
License	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
LinkModel	DirectLink
MergedId	FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c408t-fc95cf3d2597d54fec079da18f2a0230e7a912febbbd35868b039c6ed54a8af33
Notes	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14
ORCID	0000-0003-4266-6671
OpenAccessLink	https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9382997
PQID	2509076833
PQPubID	4845423
PageCount	15
ParticipantIDs	crossref_citationtrail_10_1109_ACCESS_2021_3068074 crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2021_3068074 doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_cc5aec6de0804de09f4579de20660628 proquest_journals_2509076833 ieee_primary_9382997
PublicationCentury	2000
PublicationDate	20210000 2021-00-00 20210101 2021-01-01
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD	2021-01-01
PublicationDate_xml	– year: 2021 text: 20210000
PublicationDecade	2020
PublicationPlace	Piscataway
PublicationPlace_xml	– name: Piscataway
PublicationTitle	IEEE access
PublicationTitleAbbrev	Access
PublicationYear	2021
Publisher	IEEE The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher_xml	– name: IEEE – name: The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
References	ref35 ref13 ref34 ref37 kandali (ref12) 2020; 13 ref15 ref36 ref14 ettaouil (ref20) 2013; 12 ref31 ref30 ref33 ref11 ref32 ref2 ref1 ref17 niu (ref42) 2006 ref38 ref16 ref19 ref18 ref24 ref45 ref23 ref26 ref25 mekelleche (ref10) 2020 ref41 ref22 ref44 ref21 ref43 ref28 ref27 ref29 ref8 ref7 ettaouil (ref39) 2010; 2 ref9 ref4 ref3 ref6 ref5 ref40
References_xml	– ident: ref40 doi: 10.1016/j.neunet.2005.10.008 – start-page: 1 year: 2006 ident: ref42 article-title: Link reliability model for vehicle ad hoc networkss publication-title: Proc London Commun Symp – ident: ref37 doi: 10.4108/eai.24-4-2019.2284084 – ident: ref31 doi: 10.3390/s16040478 – ident: ref14 doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3023642 – ident: ref29 doi: 10.1002/dac.3704 – ident: ref36 doi: 10.1186/1687-1499-2012-15 – ident: ref8 doi: 10.1007/s10586-017-1347-9 – ident: ref7 doi: 10.1007/s11276-018-1756-6 – ident: ref19 doi: 10.1109/CIDM.2011.5949424 – ident: ref13 doi: 10.1016/j.jnca.2013.09.008 – start-page: 21 year: 2020 ident: ref10 article-title: Towards the development of vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs): Challenges and applications publication-title: IoT and Cloud Computing Advancements in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks – ident: ref32 doi: 10.1016/j.adhoc.2013.10.005 – ident: ref9 doi: 10.1007/s10586-017-0883-7 – ident: ref1 doi: 10.1007/s11276-018-1835-8 – volume: 12 start-page: 29 year: 2013 ident: ref20 article-title: Maximal constraint satisfaction problems solved by continuous hopfield networks publication-title: WSEAS Trans Comput – ident: ref26 doi: 10.1109/MoWNet.2016.7496597 – ident: ref30 doi: 10.1007/s11277-016-3900-x – volume: 2 start-page: 7 year: 2010 ident: ref39 article-title: Improved optimal competitive hopfield network for the maximum stable set problem publication-title: Int J Comput Sci Eng – ident: ref3 doi: 10.1007/s11036-020-01624-1 – ident: ref17 doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2987968 – ident: ref5 doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2958743 – ident: ref11 doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-33103-0_1 – ident: ref22 doi: 10.1007/s11276-019-01997-6 – ident: ref6 doi: 10.3390/s18072022 – ident: ref4 doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-11928-7_8 – ident: ref2 doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3006040 – ident: ref24 doi: 10.1016/j.vehcom.2018.02.004 – ident: ref41 doi: 10.1109/TVT.2007.912161 – ident: ref23 doi: 10.1007/s11227-018-2283-z – ident: ref45 doi: 10.1016/j.procs.2018.01.093 – ident: ref43 doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2985839 – ident: ref38 doi: 10.1080/00207169608804522 – ident: ref16 doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2868118 – ident: ref34 doi: 10.1002/dac.3995 – ident: ref18 doi: 10.1016/j.comcom.2019.11.023 – ident: ref21 doi: 10.1016/j.cor.2004.02.008 – ident: ref27 doi: 10.1016/j.vehcom.2018.05.002 – ident: ref28 doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-74439-1_10 – ident: ref44 doi: 10.5120/13713-1472 – ident: ref33 doi: 10.1016/j.comcom.2012.08.013 – ident: ref15 doi: 10.1504/IJAHUC.2011.037853 – ident: ref35 doi: 10.1109/ISCIT.2014.7011907 – ident: ref25 doi: 10.1007/s11235-016-0219-6 – volume: 13 start-page: 81 year: 2020 ident: ref12 article-title: An efficient routing protocol using an improved distance-based broadcasting and fuzzy logic system for VANET publication-title: Int J Intell Eng Syst
SSID	ssj0000816957
Score	2.4405093
Snippet	Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANET) offer several user applications for passengers and drivers, as well as security and internet access applications. To ensure...
SourceID	doaj proquest crossref ieee
SourceType	Open Website Aggregation Database Enrichment Source Index Database Publisher
StartPage	47169
SubjectTerms	Algorithms Cluster analysis Clustering Clustering algorithms Clustering methods continuous hopfield network Data transmission k-means maximum stable set problem Mobile ad hoc networks Parameters Quality of service Reliability Reliability analysis Routing Routing (telecommunications) routing protocol Routing protocols Traffic congestion VANET Vector quantization Vehicular ad hoc networks Weighting functions
SummonAdditionalLinks	– databaseName: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals dbid: DOA link: http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV1LT9wwELYq1EM5oLaAWEorH3psIImdtX1MV6CVWlYcKOJmOX7ASkuCdhMk_j0zTlgtqgQXLlGUOPHjm3hmnPE3hPwEI55xk7okWFy6cZVLpOO4kwuMbwdnoWfX_ytmM3l9rS42Un1hTFhPD9wP3Im1hfF27DyYNhyOKvBCKOeRhhz3_-Hsmwq14UzFOVhmY1WIgWYoS9VJOZlAj8AhzLNjhgknBH-hiiJj_5Bi5b95OSqbs89kZ7ASadm37gv54OuvZHuDO3CXdCWFCYpOH3HLFcXAHrhML5ZN2wC2NIYCUEPPGzcPYGbSP8m5B7VEJ4sOuRHwbrm4aZbz9vaOmtpR5Kma113Trei0uY-RbVBDDBKnYNnSq3J2erlH_p2dXk6myZBDIbE8lS1AoAobmAMvR7iCB29hsJzJZMgNuh9eGJXlwVdV5Vghx7JKmbJjD2WNNIGxfbJVN7U_INR6x4sgLKAgeOpzE8C6ZCYNVQiOCTEi-fNwajsQjGOei4WOjkaqdI-BRgz0gMGI_Fo_dN_za7xe_DfitC6K5NjxAoiMHkRGvyUyI7KLKK9fopgEpQztP3pGXQ8f8kqDhajwZyVjh-9R9TfyCbvTr-Ecka122fnv5KN9aOer5Y8ow0_GTPNw priority: 102 providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals
Title	A New Hybrid Routing Protocol Using a Modified K-Means Clustering Algorithm and Continuous Hopfield Network for VANET
URI	https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9382997 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2509076833 https://doaj.org/article/cc5aec6de0804de09f4579de20660628
Volume	9
WOSCitedRecordID	wos000637168600001&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
hasFullText	1
inHoldings	1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
journalDatabaseRights	– providerCode: PRVAON databaseName: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals customDbUrl: eissn: 2169-3536 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0000816957 issn: 2169-3536 databaseCode: DOA dateStart: 20130101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.doaj.org/ providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals – providerCode: PRVHPJ databaseName: ROAD: Directory of Open Access Scholarly Resources customDbUrl: eissn: 2169-3536 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0000816957 issn: 2169-3536 databaseCode: M~E dateStart: 20130101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://road.issn.org providerName: ISSN International Centre
link	http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV1Lb9QwELbaigMceBXEQql84Ni03thZx8ew2mol2FUPBfVmOX7AStuk2k2QuPDbmXHcCARC4hJZiZ3Y-fwYj2e-IeQdCPFcGOayYFF142qXlU6gJxcI3w5SYWDX_yjX6_LmRl0dkLPRF8Z7H43P_Dkm41m-a22PqrILxUuYPeUhOZRyNvhqjfoUDCChCpmIhaZMXVTzObQBtoD59JxjiAkpflt8Ikd_Cqryx0wcl5fLJ_9XsafkcRIjaTXg_owc-OY5efQLueAx6SsKMxhdfkefLIqWP3CbXu3argXwabQVoIauWrcJIIfSD9nKw7pF59seyRPwabX90u423ddbahpHkchq0_Rtv6fL9i6avsEXohU5BdGXfq7Wi-sX5NPl4nq-zFKQhcwKVnaAkSps4A62QdIVInjLpHJmWobc4P7ES6OmefB1XTtelLOyZlzZmYe8pjSB85fkqGkb_4pQ650ogrTCeSmYz00A8ZMbFuoQHJdyQvL7v69tYiDHQBhbHXciTOkBMo2Q6QTZhJyNhe4GAo5_Z3-PsI5ZkT073gC8dBqM2trCeDtzHsRlqCxTQRTQaI_U9uhTOiHHiPH4kgTvhJzcdxKdRvpegwip8DST89d_L_WGPMQKDmqbE3LU7Xr_ljyw37rNfncadQBwXf1YnMYO_ROeCPK1
linkProvider	IEEE
linkToHtml	http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV1Lb9QwELZKQQIOvFrE0gI-cGxab-ys42O6arWou6seFtSb5fgBK22TajdB4t8z46QRCITEzXLsxM7nx4w98w0hH0GI58IwlwSLRzeudEnuBHpygfDtIBU6dv25XC7zmxt1vUdOBl8Y7300PvOnmIx3-a62LR6VnSmew-opH5CHmRAp67y1hhMVDCGhMtlTC42ZOiumU-gFKIHp-JRjkAkpftt-Ikt_H1blj7U4bjCXz_-vaS_Is16QpEWH_Euy56tX5Okv9IIHpC0orGF09gO9sija_kA2vd7WTQ3w02gtQA1d1G4dQBKlV8nCw85Fp5sW6RPwabH5Wm_XzbdbaipHkcpqXbV1u6Oz-i4av8EXoh05BeGXfimWF6tD8vnyYjWdJX2YhcQKljeAksps4A4UIekyEbxlUjkzzkNqUEPx0qhxGnxZlo5n-SQvGVd24qGsyU3g_DXZr-rKvyHUeieyIK1wXgrmUxNAAOWGhTIEx6UckfT-72vbc5BjKIyNjroIU7qDTCNkuodsRE6GSncdBce_i58jrENR5M-OGYCX7qejtjYz3k6cB4EZGstUEBl02iO5PXqVjsgBYjy8pId3RI7vB4nu5_pOgxCp8D6T87d_r_WBPJ6tFnM9_7S8OiJPsLHdIc4x2W-2rX9HHtnvzXq3fR8H9E_uE_PW
openUrl	ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A+New+Hybrid+Routing+Protocol+Using+a+Modified+K-Means+Clustering+Algorithm+and+Continuous+Hopfield+Network+for+VANET&rft.jtitle=IEEE+access&rft.au=Kandali%2C+Khalid&rft.au=Bennis%2C+Lamyae&rft.au=Bennis%2C+Hamid&rft.date=2021&rft.pub=IEEE&rft.eissn=2169-3536&rft.volume=9&rft.spage=47169&rft.epage=47183&rft_id=info:doi/10.1109%2FACCESS.2021.3068074&rft.externalDocID=9382997
thumbnail_l	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=2169-3536&client=summon
thumbnail_m	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=2169-3536&client=summon
thumbnail_s	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=2169-3536&client=summon