SALSA: A Scheduling Algorithm for LoRa to LEO Satellites

Satellites are going to revolutionize the Internet of Things (IoT) connectivity enabling the ubiquitous coverage targeted by 5G and upcoming 6G networks. While the potentials of satellite IoT are unquestionable, many challenges still remain unsolved. In the present work, we design a Long Range Wide...

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Vydané v:IEEE access Ročník 10; s. 11608 - 11615
Hlavní autori: Afhamisis, Mohammad, Palattella, Maria Rita
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:English
Vydavateľské údaje: Piscataway IEEE 2022
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Predmet:
Algorithms
Availability
Computer networks
Downlink
fairness
Gateways
Internet of Things
Logic gates
LoRaWAN
Low earth orbit satellites
Low earth orbits
optimization methods
Packets (communication)
performance evaluation
Satellite broadcasting
Satellite communication
Satellite constellations
Satellites
Scheduling
scheduling algorithm
Scheduling algorithms
Synchronism
synchronization
Time Division Multiple Access
Uplink
Visibility
Wide area networks
ISSN:2169-3536, 2169-3536
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Abstract Satellites are going to revolutionize the Internet of Things (IoT) connectivity enabling the ubiquitous coverage targeted by 5G and upcoming 6G networks. While the potentials of satellite IoT are unquestionable, many challenges still remain unsolved. In the present work, we design a Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) with mobile gateways (GWs) installed on Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites. We address synchronization issues due to intermittent link availability between the End Devices (EDs) and the GW, and we propose a Scheduling Algorithm for LoRa to LEO Satellites (SALSA). SALSA ensures reliable communication, avoiding packets drops and packet collisions, by using a Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) approach, rather than classic ALOHA-based LoRa. The uplink transmissions of the EDs are scheduled considering the satellite availability period, the satellite footprint, and the specific visit time for each ED. Two different policies are proposed: a First Come First Served (FCFS), and a FAIR policy. Simulation results, obtained in real conditions, with real satellites visibility, demonstrate the better performance achievable with SALSA (regardless of the policy) compared to standard LoRa. The FAIR policy outperforms the FCFS policy by giving all the EDs an equal chance to transmit, even to those that are visited last by the satellite. The performance of SALSA can be further improved considering larger constellations of LEO satellites.
AbstractList Satellites are going to revolutionize the Internet of Things (IoT) connectivity enabling the ubiquitous coverage targeted by 5G and upcoming 6G networks. While the potentials of satellite IoT are unquestionable, many challenges still remain unsolved. In the present work, we design a Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) with mobile gateways (GWs) installed on Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites. We address synchronization issues due to intermittent link availability between the End Devices (EDs) and the GW, and we propose a Scheduling Algorithm for LoRa to LEO Satellites (SALSA). SALSA ensures reliable communication, avoiding packets drops and packet collisions, by using a Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) approach, rather than classic ALOHA-based LoRa. The uplink transmissions of the EDs are scheduled considering the satellite availability period, the satellite footprint, and the specific visit time for each ED. Two different policies are proposed: a First Come First Served (FCFS), and a FAIR policy. Simulation results, obtained in real conditions, with real satellites visibility, demonstrate the better performance achievable with SALSA (regardless of the policy) compared to standard LoRa. The FAIR policy outperforms the FCFS policy by giving all the EDs an equal chance to transmit, even to those that are visited last by the satellite. The performance of SALSA can be further improved considering larger constellations of LEO satellites.
Author Afhamisis, Mohammad
Palattella, Maria Rita
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StartPage 11608
SubjectTerms Algorithms
Availability
Computer networks
Downlink
fairness
Gateways
Internet of Things
Logic gates
LoRaWAN
Low earth orbit satellites
Low earth orbits
optimization methods
Packets (communication)
performance evaluation
Satellite broadcasting
Satellite communication
Satellite constellations
Satellites
Scheduling
scheduling algorithm
Scheduling algorithms
Synchronism
synchronization
Time Division Multiple Access
Uplink
Visibility
Wide area networks
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Title SALSA: A Scheduling Algorithm for LoRa to LEO Satellites
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