Identification and quantification of plasticizers, bisphenol, and environmental toxic mineral elements residues in medicines from Tunisian markets

In this study, 18 plasticizer (phthalates, adipates, sebacates, and others) residues in sixteen medicines available in Tunisian pharmaceutical markets are evaluated by MSPD combined with GC-MS. In parallel, in this research, UPLC-MS/MS technique was performed to detect bisphenol A, and cadmium, lead...

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Veröffentlicht in:Environmental science and pollution research international Jg. 28; H. 36; S. 50462 - 50470
Hauptverfasser: Beltifa, Asma, Alibi, Sana, Turco, Vincenzo Lo, Mansour, Hedi Ben, Di Bella, Giuseppa
Format: Journal Article
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01.09.2021
Springer Nature B.V
Schlagworte:
Aquatic Pollution
Arsenic
Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution
Bisphenol A
Cadmium
Chromium
Clay minerals
Cobalt
Diethyl phthalate
Earth and Environmental Science
Ecotoxicology
Environment
Environmental Chemistry
Environmental Health
Environmental science
Exposure limits
Heavy metals
human health
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Phthalates
Plasticizers
Research Article
Residues
Selenium
toxicity
Waste Water Technology
Water Management
Water Pollution Control
Toxic mineral elements
Bisphenol A
Plasticizers
Contaminants
Migration
Pharmaceutical residues
ISSN:0944-1344, 1614-7499, 1614-7499
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Beschreibung
Zusammenfassung:In this study, 18 plasticizer (phthalates, adipates, sebacates, and others) residues in sixteen medicines available in Tunisian pharmaceutical markets are evaluated by MSPD combined with GC-MS. In parallel, in this research, UPLC-MS/MS technique was performed to detect bisphenol A, and cadmium, lead, chromium, cobalt, nickel, mercury, selenium, and arsenic levels were determined by ICP-MS. The maximum daily ingested mass of mineral elements was calculated and compared with permissible daily exposure limits published by USP NF 2013. Our results demonstrated that the 50% of drugs contained similar concentrations of di-ethyl adipate. Di-isobutyl phthalate was found in a single sample with a high concentration (1.07mgkg -1 ). Di-methyladipate was also present in only one sample. Diethyl phthalate was detected in three medicines: the highest concentration (17.03mgkg -1 ) was found in capsules. The other plasticizers and bisphenol A levels were below the limits of quantification in the all samples. All tested products were safe for use, except two clay-originated products. Concentrations and the maximum daily ingested mass of lead and arsenic were higher than recommended limits. The use of these medicines should require more attention taking into account the serious hazards of heavy metals to human health.
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ISSN:0944-1344
1614-7499
1614-7499
DOI:10.1007/s11356-021-14221-w